Weed-sensing technology modifies fallow control of rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Jacob W. Fischer ◽  
Mark E. Thorne ◽  
Drew J. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Contract Expiration ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

AbstractRush skeletonweed is an aggressive perennial weed that establishes itself on land in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and persists during cropping following contract expiration. It depletes critical soil moisture required for yield potential of winter wheat. In a winter wheat/fallow cropping system, weed control is maintained with glyphosate and tillage during conventional fallow, and with herbicides only in no-till fallow. Research was conducted for control of rush skeletonweed at two sites in eastern Washington, Lacrosse and Hay, to compare the effectiveness of a weed-sensing sprayer and broadcast applications of four herbicides (aminopyralid, chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate). Experimental design was a split-plot with herbicide and application type as main and subplot factors, respectively. Herbicides were applied in the fall at either broadcast or spot-spraying rates depending on sprayer type. Rush skeletonweed density in May was reduced with use of aminopyralid (1.1 plants m−2), glyphosate (1.4 plants m−2), clopyralid (1.7 plants m−2), and chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron (1.8 plants m−2) compared with the nontreated check (2.6 plants m−2). No treatment differences were observed after May 2019. There was no interaction between herbicide and application system. Area covered using the weed-sensing sprayer was, on average, 52% (P < 0.001) less than the broadcast application at the Lacrosse location but only 20% (P = 0.01) at the Hay location. Spray reduction is dependent on foliar cover in relation to weed density and size. At Lacrosse, the weed-sensing sprayer reduced costs for all herbicide treatments except aminopyralid, with savings up to US$6.80 per hectare. At Hay, the weed-sensing sprayer resulted in economic loss for all products because of higher rush skeletonweed density. The weed-sensing sprayer is a viable fallow weed control tool when weed densities are low or patchy.

Evaluation of Chlorsulfuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and in a Wheat-Soybean (Glycine max) Double-Cropping System

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Khodayari ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Khalid H. Akkari
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wild Garlic

Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated for weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and for residual effect on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] following wheat. Chlorsulfuron applied at 72 g ai/ha and less did not injure or reduce grain yields of ‘Double-Cropped’ wheat. Postemergence tank mixtures of chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha with diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1 kg/ha were more effective than other treatments for control of wild garlic (Allium vinealeL. ♯ ALLVI). ‘Forrest’ soybeans did not show any injury from chlorsulfuron residue even at rates of 72 g/ha when it was no-till seeded following winter wheat.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sandler ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Christopher Dudenhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
The Impact

In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) followed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.

scholarly journals Camera-guided Weed Hoeing in Winter Cereals with Narrow Row Distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
Benjamin Kollenda ◽  
Jannis Machleb ◽  
Kurt Möller ◽  
Andreas Butz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Perennial Weed

Abstract Farmers are facing severe problems with weed competition in cereal crops. Grass-weeds and perennial weed species became more abundant in Europe mainly due to high percentages of cereal crops in cropping systems and reduced tillage practices combined with continuous applications of herbicides with the same mode of action. Several weed populations have evolved resistance to herbicides. Precision weed hoeing may help to overcome these problems. So far, weed hoeing in cereals was restricted to cropping practices with row distances of more than 200 mm. Hoeing in cereals with conventional row distances of 125–170 mm requires the development of automatic steering systems. The objective of this project was to develop a new automatic guidance system for inter-row hoeing using camera-based row detection and automatic side-shift control. Six field studies were conducted in winter wheat to investigate accuracy, weed control efficacy and crop yields of this new hoeing technology. A three-meter prototype and a 6-meter segmented hoe were built and tested at three different speeds in 150 mm seeded winter wheat. The maximum lateral offset from the row center was 22.53 mm for the 3 m wide hoe and 18.42 mm for the 6 m wide hoe. Camera-guided hoeing resulted in 72–96% inter-row and 21–91% intra-row weed control efficacy (WCE). Weed control was 7–15% higher at 8 km h−1 compared to 4 km h−1. WCE could be increased by 14–22% when hoeing was combined with weed harrowing. Grain yields after camera-guided hoeing at 8 km h−1 were 15–76% higher than the untreated control plots and amounted the same level as the weed-free herbicide plots. The study characterizes camera-guided hoeing in cereals as a robust and effective method of weed control.

Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) Control in Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Spring ◽  
Mark E. Thorne ◽  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Drew J. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

AbstractRush skeletonweed is emerging as a regionally important weed of winter wheat production in eastern Washington. Field studies were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 crop years to evaluate several auxin herbicides applied at two seasonal timings (fall or spring) for control of rush skeletonweed in winter wheat. Clopyralid (210 g ae ha-1) provided>90% visual control of rush skeletonweed in both years of the study and aminopyralid (10 g ae ha-1) provided>80% visual control. Aminocyclopyrachlor, dicamba, and 2,4-D provided<55% control of rush skeletonweed. Season of application did not meaningfully affect efficacy of any herbicide tested. Wheat yields were reduced by 39 to 69% compared to the non-treated check when aminocyclopyrachlor was applied in the spring. Clopyralid is an effective option for control of rush skeletonweed in Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
P. R. Watson ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Long Term Study

Development of improved weed manage ment systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] densities increased in years of low rainfall and above average temperatures. Winter annual weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], as well as the perennial weed dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers), increased in years where higher than average rainfall was received in fall or early spring. Continuous winter wheat facilitated a dense downy brome infestation to develop over time. Trifluralin is not efficacious on stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) or Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. Key words: Conservation tillage, fallow, multivariate analyses, weed populations, weed shifts, zero tillage

Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) and Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Control in Dryland Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Salsola Iberica

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine suitable herbicides for the control of Russian thistle and kochia in field corn grown in a dryland cropping system. Soil-applied atrazine or cyanazine provided inconsistent control of these weeds under dryland conditions. Combining inter-row tillage or 2,4-D applied postemergence with soil-applied atrazine improved the consistency of weed control over years. Postemergence atrazine and dicamba plus 2,4-D controlled Russian thistle and kochia in all years. Corn yields reflected the level of weed control attained with each treatment. The suitability of the various treatments for weed control in corn grown under dryland crop production systems is discussed.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

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