Cranberry Response to Sulfentrazone Rate, Timing, and Application Volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Thierry E. Besançon ◽  
Katherine M. Ghantous ◽  
Hilary A. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Study Application

Abstract The recent registration of sulfentrazone, a selective, soil-applied, PRE herbicide labeled for control of various weeds in cranberry, expanded the number of modes of action that could be used in the crop. A 2018 preliminary study in Massachusetts showed that high rates of sulfentrazone applied at the cabbage head stage reduced the number of flowering uprights (vertical stems) without impacting the final yield. To clarify the use patterns needed to promote crop safety when using sulfentrazone, six studies were conducted in New Jersey and Massachusetts in 2019 and 2020. Studies compared sulfentrazone applications made at two timings (spring dormant, SD, or cabbage head, CH, stage), two rates (280 and 420 g ai ha-1), and three application volumes simulating either chemigation (3,740 L ha-1) or boom application (190 L ha-1 alone or followed by 0.25 cm water wash off). New Jersey boom application studies in 2018 and 2019 did not show significant long-lasting injury (necrosis or stunting). However, comprehensive observation of cranberry uprights 8 WAT showed a high rate of terminal bud necrosis, a reduction in the number of reproductive structures, and the development of axillary shoots associated with a high rate of sulfentrazone applied at CH. A mitigation study conducted in 2019 and 2020 confirmed the safety of chemigated sulfentrazone at the high rate with no yield reduction, regardless of crop stage at application. Washing off the herbicide from the cranberry canopy immediately after boom application did prevent the necrosis of terminal bud and the related development of non-productive secondary shoots. Considering the results of this study, application of sulfentrazone over the top of cranberry vine before scales of the terminal bud start loosening would be prudent practice at this time.

Interaction of Fluometuron and MSMA with Sethoxydim and Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Byrd ◽  
Alan C. York
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tank-mixing fluometuron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] urea} or MSMA (monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid) with sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} or the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanic acid} on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) tolerance and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] control. Postemergence (over-the-top) application of 1.7 kg ai/ha of fluometuron reduced cotton lint yield 17 to 23% in three of four tests. No yield reduction resulted from postemergence application of 1.1 kg ae/ha of MSMA. Tank-mixing 0.1 or 0.2 kg ai/ha of sethoxydim or 0.1 or 0.2 kg ae/ha of fluazifop with fluometuron or MSMA did not alter the effect of fluometuron or MSMA on cotton yield. Tank mixtures of 1.1 to 2.2 kg/ha of fluometuron plus sethoxydim or fluazifop were antagonistic. No antagonism was observed when fluometuron was applied 3 days before or 6 h following sethoxydim or fluazifop application. Tank-mixing 1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha of MSMA with sethoxydim or fluazifop initially reduced control of large crabgrass. Antagonism was not observed at 4 weeks after tank-mix application of MSMA plus sethoxydim, and was observed in only one of three experiments 4 weeks following tank-mix application of MSMA plus fluazifop. When antagonism was observed with tank mixtures of fluazifop plus MSMA, sequential application of MSMA 1 to 7 days before application of fluazifop did not overcome the antagonism. No antagonism occurred when MSMA was applied 6 or more hours after fluazifop application.

scholarly journals Cranberry Tolerance to Clopyralid

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Patten ◽  
John Wang ◽  
Fred Katz ◽  
Don Riemer ◽  
Chuck Kusek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Low Rate

Tolerance of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) at different phenological stages to the postemergent broadleaf herbicide clopyralid (0.21 or 0.42 kg a.i./ha) was evaluated in Washington, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin. Tolerance varied among states, rates, and application times. Applications made during early shoot growth, especially at the high rate, usually resulted in the most crop injury (leaf cupping and epinasty and reduced yield); while applications at the low rate made after vegetative development occurred usually resulted in less or no injury. No phytotoxicity occurred when applications were made before shoot growth (Washington and New Jersey). Chemical name used: 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (clopyralid).

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Response to Simulated Triclopyr Drift

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
Joe E. Street ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Over The Top

Cotton response to triclopyr was evaluated when it was applied over-the-top at simulated drift rates to pin-head square and early bloom cotton growth stages in 1987 and 1988. The herbicidal effects of triclopyr were most evident after a lag period of 10 to 15 d. Triclopyr at 60 g ai ha-1applied at pin-head square reduced cotton height in 1987, but not in 1988. Triclopyr applied at pin-head square and early bloom reduced cotton flowering initially, as measured by white bloom counts, in both years. Total blooms were reduced in 1987, but not in 1988. Cotton maturity was delayed by triclopyr application during early bloom, as shown by a decrease in percent open bolls, and a decrease in first pick cotton yields. Cotton yield was lower in plots receiving triclopyr, with the greatest yield reduction caused by a 60 g ha-1triclopyr application at early bloom.

Effect of boron and copper contaminants in poultry manure on the growth of the common mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
NG Nair ◽  
JC Evans
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Mushroom Yield

The toxicity of boron (B) and copper (Cu) to cultivated mushrooms was tested in 2 experiments. The growth of mushroom mycelium (Agaricus bisporus) on potato dextrose agar in vitro was inhibited by additions of B as H3BO3 and Cu as CuSO4.5H20. Boron was more inhibitory than Cu to mycelial growth. Addition of B to compost at spawning decreased sporophore (i.e. mushroom) production and increased B concentrations in the sporophore. Boron added at 35 mg/kg of fresh compost gave a 10% yield reduction and this was associated with a sphorophore tissue B concentration of 170 mg/kg dry weight. Addition of Cu to the compost had no effect on the final yield of mushrooms but increased Cu concentrations in the sporophores. Boron added at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and Cu at 10 mg/kg of fresh compost stimulated sporophore growth at first flush but this was not evident in total mushroom yield from all flushes. There was a significant negative linear effect of mushroom tissue B (r2=0.98) and Cu (r2=0.54) at harvest 1 (day 1) on the change in tissue B or Cu from harvest 1 to 6 (day 17). This suggested that tissue B was buffered around 7 mg/kg and Cu around 73 mg/kg. The results indicate that the levels of B and Cu which are normally contributed to mushroom compost from poultry litter are unlikely to cause significant losses in mushroom production.

scholarly journals Amylopectin Chain Length Dynamics and Activity Signatures of Key Carbon Metabolic Enzymes Highlight Early Maturation as Culprit for Yield Reduction of Barley Endosperm Starch after Heat Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2692-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Cuesta-Seijo ◽  
Alice Jara De Porcellinis ◽  
Angela H�rdum Valente ◽  
Alexander Striebeck ◽  
Cynthia Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Final Yield

Abstract Abiotic environmental stresses have a negative impact on the yield and quality of crops. Understanding these stresses is an essential enabler for mitigating breeding strategies and it becomes more important as the frequency of extreme weather conditions increases due to climate change. This study analyses the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to a heat wave during grain filling in three distinct stages: the heat wave itself, the return to a normal temperature regime, and the process of maturation and desiccation. The properties and structure of the starch produced were followed throughout the maturational stages. Furthermore, the key enzymes involved in the carbohydrate supply to the grain were monitored. We observed differences in starch structure with well-separated effects because of heat stress and during senescence. Heat stress produced marked effects on sucrolytic enzymes in source and sink tissues. Early cessation of plant development as an indirect consequence of the heat wave was identified as the major contributor to final yield loss from the stress, highlighting the importance for functional stay-green traits for the development of heat-resistant cereals.

scholarly journals Economic Transition in the City of Paterson, New Jersey (America’s First Planned Industrial City): Causes, Impacts, and Urban Policy Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y. Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The City

This paper examines the dynamics of economic change in the City of Paterson, New Jersey, from the time of its founding in the late eighteenth century to 1990, with emphasis on the post-1945 era. Analysis shows that from the time of its founding to the first half of the twentieth century, Paterson experienced a period of economic growth followed by economic decline in the 1960s, characterized by major changes in its principal industries of cotton, locomotives, and silk. Economic growth in Paterson up to the early part of the twentieth century is attributable to several locational factors, including the availability of water resources, transportation, labor supply, and markets. Its decline in the post-1945 era is attributable to a combination of local, national, and global economic factors including periods of depression, labor discord, product substitution, decentralization of economic activities, and deindustrialization. Economic decline resulted in a high rate of unemployment, poverty, and urban decay. The most significant effort to reverse urban decline in the city is the urban enterprise zone (UEZ) program. The impacts of this program on economic growth in the city, however, remain inconclusive.

scholarly journals Food security and sustainable crops production with considering climate change in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian ◽  
Wenli Sun ◽  
Qi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops which may lead to final yield reduction. China needs to cope with the adverse effects of climate change by developing heat and drought resistant high yielding varieties and cultivars to ensure food security in China. Farmers should adapt to climate change strategies which integrate traditional experience and indigenous knowledge with scientific researches and government polices as key factors. Climate change will extend growing seasons for some crops and make shorter growing seasons for other crops in Northern part of China and will bring less reliable rains, soils that retain less water, the spread of dangerous pests and unwanted weeds. The catastrophic consequences of climate change can be avoided if all countries work and cooperate together towards significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Novel Fault Current Limiters in Wind Energy Conversion System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Preeti Verma ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Amarjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Entrance Level ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Current Limiter ◽  
Over The Top

The interest for power is expanding at a very high rate, and the generation of power is running in front of supply. The presentation of distributed vitality assets is the greatest change happening to the dispersion arrangement. There is an expanded reconciliation of distributed vitality assets with the circulation arrange utilizing power hardware converters to meet the consistently expanding request of power. In the future, normally, the entrance level of appropriated vitality assets will further increment. The association of circulated vitality assets with the circulation system brings about increment in the estimation of issue current, which can cause unusual conditions in the whole control framework to arrange. The equipment introduced at the producing station and the substation is over the top expensive. In this way, it is important to shield this equipment from the fault current. A fault current limiter (FCL) is a progressive power framework device that beats the issues because of expanded deficiency current levels. It is a device that lessens the imminent issue flows to a lower sensible level. In this paper principals of activity and structures of the different current limiter is examined. It surrenders short and to-date writing audit of regular shortcoming current constraining gadgets just as deficiency momentum constraining gadgets which are still in an examination or improvement arrange.

Influence of Environment on Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance to Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Fawcett ◽  
Robert G. Harvey ◽  
W. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Percent Relative Humidity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over The Top

Corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) showed little to no injury following the postemergence-directed application of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} plus crop oil concentrate (COC) at 56 g/ha plus 1.25% (v/v) at nine locations across Midwestern U.S. in 1984 and 1985. Little corn injury also occurred for the postemergence-directed application of sethoxydim plus COC at 110 g/ha plus 1.25% (v/v) at most locations in both years. Considerable variation in tolerance was seen across locations for over-the-top applications of sethoxydim at all rates tested and for the directed application at 220 g/ha. Although corn at most locations showed no yield reduction with the over-the-top application of sethoxydim plus COC at 56 g/ha plus 1.25% (v/v), a 70% yield reduction occurred in one location in one year. For an over-the-top application of sethoxydim plus COC at 110 g/ha plus 1.25% (v/v), yields ranged from 3 to 95% of the untreated check in 1984, and from 3 to 88% in 1985. Stand reductions from an over-the-top application of sethoxydim plus COC at 220 g/ha plus 1.25% (v/v) ranged from 0 to 99%. A significant negative correlation was found between yield of corn treated over the top with sethoxydim and precipitation on the day of application and in the week following application. Air temperature on the day of application was positively correlated with corn injury from over-the-top and directed sethoxydim applications, but no correlation existed between percent relative humidity and corn injury. Open pan evaporation and solar radiation before and after application were not correlated with corn injury from sethoxydim.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO EM MADEIRA SERRADA DE Eucalyptus benthamii E DE Eucalyptus grandis POR MEIO DO DESDOBRO TANGENCIAL E RADIAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha ◽  
Morgana Cristina França ◽  
Caio Cesar Faedo de Almeida ◽  
Luciane Gorski ◽  
Rodrigo Coelho da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diameter Classes

O objetivo foi determinar o aproveitamento do Eucalyptus benthamii e do Eucalyptus grandis no processo de desdobro. A metodologia envolveu duas classes diamétricas (20-25 cm e 25,01-30 cm) e dois sistemas de desdobro (tangencial e radial). O rendimento do desdobro foi obtido pela relação entre o volume de toras e o de madeira serrada, sendo separado em bruto, sem rachaduras, sem destopo e líquido. Na análise do rendimento, adotou-se a Análise da Variância e o Teste de Tukey. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que o sistema de desdobro tangencial apresentou melhor aproveitamento da matéria-prima. Os tratamentos compostos pelo E. benthamii e sistema tangencial foram os que apresentaram maior redução no rendimento em função da retirada das partes rachadas das peças, enquanto que, para a perda devida ao destopo, as porcentagens encontradas foram equivalentes para ambas as espécies. No rendimento final do processo, houve uma redução do rendimento em madeira serrada, com o aumento do diâmetro das toras para as duas espécies.Palavras-chave: Eucalipto; rachaduras de topo; aproveitamento da matéria-prima; serraria. AbstractEvaluation of the yield in sawnwood of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden by tangential and radial sawing. The aim was to determine the yield of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus grandis in the process of the sawing. The methodology involved two diameter classes (20-25 cm and 25.1-30 cm) and two systems sawing (tangential and radial). The yield of sawing was obtained through the relationship between the volume of logs and lumber, being separated into gross yield, no splits, no trimming and liquid. The analysis yield was adopted the Analysis of Variance and Tukey test. The results demonstrated that the system of tangential sawing showed better utilization of raw-material. The treatments consisted of the E. benthamii and tangential system presented the greatest yield reduction due to the removal of parts of the split pieces, while for the loss due to destopo, the percentages found were similar for both species. In the final yield of the process, there was no reduction of yield in lumber with the increase of the diameter of the logs for both species.Keywords: Eucalypt; log end splits; utilization of raw material; sawmill.

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