Effect of hybrid varieties, application timing, and herbicide rate on field corn tolerance to tolpyralate plus atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan A. Metzger ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Alan J. Raeder ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Grain Moisture

AbstractA wide margin of crop safety is a desirable trait of POST herbicides, and investigation of crop tolerance is a key step in evaluation of new herbicides. Six field experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada, from 2017 to 2018 to examine the influence of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid (DKC42-60RIB, DKC43-47RIB, P0094AM, and P9840AM), application rate (1X and 2X), and application timing (PRE, V1, V3, and V5) on the tolerance of field corn to tolpyralate, a new 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, co-applied with atrazine. Two corn hybrids (DKC42-60RIB and DKC43-47RIB) exhibited slightly greater visible injury from tolpyralate + atrazine, applied POST, than P0094AM and P9840AM at 1 to 2 wk after application (WAA); hybrids responded similarly with respect to height, grain moisture, and yield. Applications of tolpyralate + atrazine at a 2X rate (80 + 2,000 g ai ha−1) induced greater injury (≤31.6%) than the field rate (40 + 1,000 g ha−1) (≤11.6%); the 2X rate applied at V1 or V3 decreased corn height and slightly increased grain moisture at harvest. On average, field rates resulted in marginally higher grain yields than 2X rates. Based on mixed-model multiple stepwise regression analysis, the air temperature at application, time of day, temperature range in the 24 h before application, and precipitation following application were useful predictor variables in estimating crop injury with tolpyralate + atrazine; however, additional environmental variables also affected crop injury. These results demonstrate the margin of corn tolerance with tolpyralate + atrazine, which provides a basis for optimization of application timing, rate, and corn hybrid selection to mitigate the risk of crop injury with this herbicide tank mixture.

Effect of Nicosulfuron Mixtures and Time of Application on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Cultivars

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Littlefield ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Significant Injury

Field experiments were conducted near Marianna, Trenton, and Archer, FL in 1990 and 1991 to investigate the effect of nicosulfuron mixtures and time of application on five peanut cultivars. Nicosulfuron at 54 g ai/ha was applied alone or in mixture with 2,4-DB at 280 g ai/ha 5 weeks after planting (WAP), 9 WAP, or 5 plus 9 WAP. Injury was greater from early and sequential nicosulfuron applications while a single application 9 WAP typically did not cause significant injury or reduce peanut yield. The 5 WAP and 5 plus 9 WAP applications often caused early visible injury and sometimes reduced peanut yield. When peanut yields were compared, ‘Florigiant’ was the most sensitive cultivar while ‘Southern Runner’ and ‘Valencia’ were more tolerant to nicosulfuron. ‘Sunrunner’ and ‘NC-7’ were intermediate in tolerance to nicosulfuron. In several instances, the addition of 2,4-DB to nicosulfuron reduced initial crop injury and ameliorated yield losses resulting from nicosulfuron applied alone.

Response of sweetpotato to pendimethalin application rate and timing

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Mark W. Shankle
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Quality

AbstractField trials were conducted near Pontotoc, Mississippi; Chase, Louisiana; and Clinton, North Carolina, in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of pendimethalin rate and timing application on sweetpotato crop tolerance, yield, and storage root quality. Treatments consisted of five pendimethalin rates (266, 532, 1,065, 1,597, and 2,130 g ai ha−1) by two application timings (0 to 1 or 10 to 14 d after transplanting). Additionally, a nontreated check was included for comparison. Crop injury (stunting) was minimal (≤4%) through 6 wk after transplanting (WAP) and no injury was observed from 8 to 14 WAP, regardless of application timing or rate. The nontreated check yielded 6.6, 17.6, 5.5, and 32.1 × 103 kg ha−1 of canner, no. 1, jumbo, and total grades, respectively. Neither pendimethalin application timing nor rate influenced jumbo, no. 1, marketable, or total sweetpotato yield. Overall, these results indicate that pendimethalin will be a valuable addition to the toolkit of sweetpotato growers.

Use of AC 263,222 for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of application rate and timing on sicklepod control and soybean tolerance to POST applications of AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. When applied to 3-, 6-, or 10-leaf sicklepod, 35 g ai ha-1or more AC 263,222 controlled more than 85% of sicklepod early in the season, and season-long when applied to 3- or 6-leaf sicklepod. At all timings, 70 g ha-1or more AC 263,222 resulted in better control than a PRE application of 420 g ai ha-1metribuzin followed by 9 g ai ha-1chlorimuron applied POST. At 35 g ha-1or more AC 263,222, application timing did not affect sicklepod control. However, control was reduced with 18 g ha-1when applications were delayed from 3- or 6-leaf to 10-leaf sicklepod. At the 10-leaf sicklepod growth stage, a PRE application of imazaquin increased both sicklepod control and soybean yield with 35 g ha-1AC 263,222 as compared with AC 263,222 applied alone. Soybean injury and height reductions with AC 263,222 at 35 g ha-1and above were greater than with chlorimuron; however, increased soybean injury or height reduction was not reflected in pod numbers or yield.

scholarly journals Tank mixture of glyphosate with 2,4-D accentuates 2,4-D injury in glyphosate-resistant corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Plant Stand

Six field trials were conducted at Ridgetown, ON, over a 2-yr period (2015 and 2016) to determine the tolerance of two corn hybrids to 2,4-D (560 and 1120 g a.i. ha−1) and glyphosate (1800 g a.e. ha−1) applied alone or in combination at stage V1, V3, or V5. In DeKalb DKC52-61 corn, 2,4-D caused as much as 24%, 16%, 11%, and 11% visible injury at 1 wk after each postemergence herbicide application (WAT), 2 WAT, 4 wk after the last postemergence herbicide application (WA-C), and 8 WA-C, respectively. Plant stand was not affected, but plant height decreased by 5 cm at 560 g a.i. ha−1 and 7% at 1120 g a.i. ha−1. As the application timing was delayed from stage V1 to V5, there was a trend to increased injury at both 2,4-D rates. Corn yield decreased 8% with 2,4-D applied at 560 g a.i. ha−1 and 12% at 1120 g a.i. ha−1. In Pioneer P0094AM corn, 2,4-D caused as much as 16%, 9%, 7%, and 7% visible injury at 1 WAT, 2 WAT, 4 WA-C, and 8 WA-C, respectively. Plant height was not affected, but goosenecking and brace root malformation were increased as the rate of 2,4-D was increased. There was generally no difference between glyphosate rates (1800 vs 0 g a.e. ha−1) at the V1 corn stage but visible injury, goosenecking, and brace root malformation at other application timings was as much as 15%, 3%, and 19% greater when 2,4-D was applied in a tank mixture with glyphosate, respectively. Yield was reduced by 12% when 2,4-D (1120 g a.i. ha−1) was applied with glyphosate in the tank mixture.

Weed Management ofAmaranthusspp. in Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vizantinopoulos ◽  
N. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Control Approach

Field experiments were conducted from 1987 to 1990 to investigate the combination of cultural and chemical methods for control ofAmaranthusspp. in corn. The tolerance of corn hybrids to herbicides or herbicide combinations was dependent on application rate. The early season threshold level for a mixed population ofAmaranthusspp. occurred 3.5 wk after emergence. Density ofAmaranthusspp. from 155 to 495 plants/m2caused corn yield reduction of 50%. A quadratic model was derived relating percentage of yield reduction vs. duration of weed competition. The results emphasize the importance of using herbicides, cultural practices, and competition thresholds for an integrated weed control approach ofAmaranthusspp. in corn.

scholarly journals Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control with Imazapic on Montana Grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mangold ◽  
Hilary Parkinson ◽  
Celestine Duncan ◽  
Peter Rice ◽  
Ed Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractDowny brome is a problematic invasive annual grass throughout western rangeland and has been increasing its abundance, spread, and impacts across Montana during the past several years. In an effort to develop effective management recommendations for control of downy brome on Montana rangeland, we compiled data from 24 trials across the state that investigated efficacy of imazapic (Plateau®, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC) applied at various rates and timings and with methylated seed oil (MSO) or a nonionic surfactant (NIS). We ran a mixed-model ANOVA to test for main effects and interactions across application rate (70, 105, 141, 176, and 211 g ai ha−1), application timing (preemergent [PRE], early postemergent [EPOST, one- to two-leaf growth stage], and postemergent [POST, three- to four-leaf growth stage]), and adjuvant (MSO, NIS). Application timing and rate interacted to affect downy brome control (P = 0.0033). PRE imazapic application resulted in the lowest downy brome control (5 to 19%), followed by POST application (25 to 77%) and EPOST application (70 to 95%). Downy brome control remained fairly consistent across rates within application timing. Adjuvant (MSO or NIS) did not affect downy brome control (P = 0.2789). Our data indicate that POST application at 105 to 141 g ai ha−1 provides the most-consistent, short-term control of downy brome. Furthermore, applying imazapic to downy brome seedlings shortly after emergence (one- to two-leaf growth stage) provided better control than applying it to older downy brome seedlings (three- to four-leaf growth stage).

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Response to Glyphosate Spot Applied

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brent Westerman ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade

Weed free field experiments were conducted for 3 yr at one location to measure the response of cotton to glyphosate spot applied once, twice, and three times. Glyphosate treatments frequently used for silverleaf nightshade control were applied at specified intervals after cotton emergence to in-row, uniformly spaced densities of “simulated” weeds. The number and application timing influenced cotton injury each year. Frequently, cotton lint yields following treatments applied once at four, six, or eight sites/9 m of row were not reduced significantly compared to the untreated plots; however, average yield reductions ranged from 10 to 14%. Glyphosate, applied more than once generally, caused more crop injury and reduced lint yields by 13 to 39%.

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Response to Imazamox Rate and Application Timing in Herbicide-Resistant Winter Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Stougaard ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith ◽  
James A. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
The One

Field experiments were conducted at Kalispell, MT, and Corvallis, OR, to determine the optimum rate and application timing of imazamox for downy brome control in winter wheat. Crop injury occurred as a reduction in plant height and was minimal at Kalispell, never exceeding 10%. Crop injury at Corvallis was more severe and was dependant on application timing. No injury was observed with spring applications, but fall applications resulted in as much as 33% injury at the highest rate of imazamox. Fall applications generally provided more consistent control of downy brome, as evidenced by the lower dosage required to reduce downy brome dry weight by 50% (lowerI50values). Nonetheless, spring applications generally provided control comparable with that of fall applications when imazamox was applied at the highest rate. The one exception was at Corvallis during 1997 to 1998, where spring applications failed to provide adequate control of downy brome even at the highest rate applied. Although imazamox generally provided excellent control of downy brome, wheat yield response to downy brome interference was negligible, declining by less than 10% in the absence of imazamox. The absence of a yield response to downy brome interference was attributed to the lack of competition for soil moisture from downy brome under the high-rainfall conditions of the experiment.

Weed Management and Peanut Response from Applications of Saflufenacil

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Morichetti ◽  
Jason Ferrell ◽  
Greg MacDonald ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Diane Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Saflufenacil is a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide registered for use before establishment of field corn and soybean. Generally, peanut plants are tolerant to other herbicides in this class, and no reports document the utility of saflufenacil for in-season weed control. Experiments were conducted to determine whether saflufenacil applied at 12, 25, and 50 g ha−1could effectively control Benghal dayflower and Palmer amaranth. It was observed that saflufenacil, applied either PRE or POST, was ineffective for Benghal dayflower. The maximum control at 28 d after treatment (DAT) was 79% when 50 g ha−1was applied to 5- to 10-cm plants. Control of Palmer amaranth from PRE applications was less effective than flumioxazin at 28 DAT. However, POST applications provided > 87% control at 28 DAT when applied to plants 5 to 10 cm in height. For plants 10 to 15 cm in height, > 90% Palmer amaranth control was only achieved by the 50 g ha−1application rate. For plants 15 to 20 cm in height, no POST application provided > 70% control. Peanut response, in a weed-free environment, to saflufenacil rate and application timing were also evaluated. Peanut stunting ranged from 0 to 36%, relative to application timing. Applications made at 0 d after emergence (DAE) were least injurious, whereas those made at 15 DAE were most injurious. Application of 50 g ha−1provided the greatest amount of stunting and foliar injury. However, stunting and saflufenacil application rate did not correspond to yield reduction. Saflufenacil application timing did influence peanut yield. Applications made between 0 and 30 DAE did not result in yield loss, whereas applications made at 45 and 60 DAE resulted in a 5 and 19% reduction, respectively. Though saflufenacil has many positive characteristics, higher application rates are required for optimum weed control. However, these higher use rates also resulted in unacceptable levels of injury.

Response of Five Vegetable Crops to Isoxaflutole Soil Residues

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Felix ◽  
Douglas J. Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Affect Processing

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 at two sites in Ohio to characterize the effect of isoxaflutole herbicide applied the previous year to field corn on processing tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, snapbean, and cucumber. Isoxaflutole was applied preemergence to field corn in 2001 at 0, 53, 70, 105, and 210 g ai/ha. There were no rotational crop cultivar by herbicide rate interactions at either site. Generally, there was a higher level of visible injury on crops at the Fremont site. Isoxaflutole residues at either site did not affect processing tomato yield. Bell pepper yield was reduced 33% when rotated into 210 g ai/ha rate plots only at Fremont. Snapbean marketable yield was reduced by isoxaflutole carryover from 70 and 210 g ai/ha rates resulting in 0.39 and 0.0 t/ha at Fremont. Similarly, isoxaflutole soil residues from 105 and 210 g ai/ha resulted in 14 and 24% visible injury on cucumber but did not reduce marketable yield. Site differences in soil characteristics and precipitation in the application year may have contributed to observed differences in crop response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document