Response of Five Vegetable Crops to Isoxaflutole Soil Residues

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Felix ◽  
Douglas J. Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Affect Processing

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 at two sites in Ohio to characterize the effect of isoxaflutole herbicide applied the previous year to field corn on processing tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, snapbean, and cucumber. Isoxaflutole was applied preemergence to field corn in 2001 at 0, 53, 70, 105, and 210 g ai/ha. There were no rotational crop cultivar by herbicide rate interactions at either site. Generally, there was a higher level of visible injury on crops at the Fremont site. Isoxaflutole residues at either site did not affect processing tomato yield. Bell pepper yield was reduced 33% when rotated into 210 g ai/ha rate plots only at Fremont. Snapbean marketable yield was reduced by isoxaflutole carryover from 70 and 210 g ai/ha rates resulting in 0.39 and 0.0 t/ha at Fremont. Similarly, isoxaflutole soil residues from 105 and 210 g ai/ha resulted in 14 and 24% visible injury on cucumber but did not reduce marketable yield. Site differences in soil characteristics and precipitation in the application year may have contributed to observed differences in crop response.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacterial or Fungal Soil Amendments on Vegetables Following Peanut

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Fertilizer Rate

Amendment of soil with microorganisms during the growth cycle of one crop may affect development of succeeding crops. Species of Rhizobium bacteria or abuscular-mycorrhizal fungi were added alone to, or in combination with, potting soil in pots in a greenhouse. Controls were no amendments. Seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were planted and two levels of a combination NPK fertilizer, the recommended and one-fourth the recommended rate, were applied. After harvest of peanut and remoistening of soil, seed of the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) or navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were sown into the same planting medium in pots without additional inoculation with microbes. Dry weights of above-ground vegetative and edible portions of crops were determined. Inoculum type only affected peanut top and total dry weights. The recommended fertilizer level did not affect peanut yield but did cause improvement in bell pepper and navy bean yield over that of the deficient fertilizer rate. In field experiments, peanut was planted into soil receiving Rhizobium spp. bacteria, or arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi alone or in combination. Controls consisted of no amendment. Only the recommended fertilizer rate was used. In the next 2 years, bell pepper or navy bean were established in plots without use of additional microbial amendment. Yields and nutrient contents of crops were determined. Type of inoculum did not affect yield or nutrient content in any crop. Bell pepper marketable yield was unaffected by year, and navy bean seed yield was higher in 2004 than in 2005. In both years, navy bean yields were below U.S. averages. Concentrations of most nutrients in edible portions of bell pepper and navy bean were lower in 2004 than in 2005. Results of the field trials were generally similar to those of greenhouse studies. Use of inocula did not provide substantial benefits to yield or nutrient content of peanut or vegetable crops that followed.

scholarly journals Effect of Method of Application, Herbicide Rate and Cultivar on Processing Pea Tolerance to Saflufenacil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Group 2

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of method of application, herbicide rate and cultivar on tolerance of processing pea tolerance to saflufenacil. Two field experiments were established to address this—each experiment was conducted over a 3-year period. The first experiment, conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016, was arranged in a split-plot design with method of application (pre-plant incorporation (PPI) or preemergence (PRE)) as the main plot factor, and saflufenacil rate (0, 75 and 150 g ai ha-1) as the subplot factor. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) was not injured, and dry matter, pea tenderness and yield were not less than the untreated check when saflufenacil was applied either PPI or PRE, at 75 and 150 g ai ha-1 of the herbicide. The second experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019, at two locations each year; each repetition of this experiment was arranged in a factorial design to determine the effect of two factors on processing pea: saflufenacil rate (0, 75 and 150 g ai ha-1) and cultivar. Saflufenacil did not cause more than 5% visible injury to pea, nor did it reduce pea dry matter, tenderness or marketable yield of the eight cultivars included in the experiment. Application method, saflufenacil rate and cultivar did not affect pea tolerance across a wide range of soil and environmental conditions. Registration of saflufenacil in processing pea would significantly improve growers’ options for control of Group 2 resistant broadleaf weeds such as common lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dunal.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).

scholarly journals Composting of Olive Mill Pomace, Agro-Industrial Sewage Sludge and Other Residues: Process Monitoring and Agronomic Use of the Resulting Composts

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
Roberto Romaniello ◽  
Antonia Tamborrino ◽  
Luciano Beneduce ◽  
Anna Gagliardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Olive Mill

The viability of co-composting of olive mill pomace added to sewage sludge with other organic residues was evaluated and the agronomic use of the final composts was investigated. Two composting piles at different carbon-nitrogen ratios were performed, in which olive mill pomace (OMP), sewage sludge from vegetable processing (SS), fresh residues from artichoke processing residues (AR), and wheat straw (WS) were used. The two composting piles were placed inside a specially built greenhouse and a turning machine pulled by a tractor was used for turning and shredding the organic matrix (every 6 days) during the process. The humidity and temperature of organic matrices have been monitored and controlled during the entire composting process, which lasted 90 days. The process was also monitored to evaluate the microbiological safety of the final compost. The humidity of both piles was always kept just above 50% until the end of the thermophilic phase and the maximum temperature was about 50 °C during the thermophilic phase. The carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased from 21.4 and 28.2, respectively (initial value at day 1 in Pile A and B), to values ranging from 12.9 to 15.1, both composts that originated from the two different piles were microbiologically safe. During a two-year period, the effects of different types of compost on the main qualitative parameters of processing tomato and durum wheat was evaluated. Five fertilization treatments were evaluated for tomato and durum wheat crops: unfertilized control (TR1); compost A (TR2); compost B (TR3); ½ mineral and ½ compost A (TR4); and mineral fertilizer commonly used for the two crops (TR5). Concerning the processing tomato yield, TR5 and TR4 showed the best results (2.73 and 2.51 kg, respectively). The same trend was observed considering the marketable yield per plant. The only difference was related to the treatments that included the compost (2.32, 1.77, and 1.73 kg/plant for TR4, TR3, and TR2, respectively). As regards the qualitative parameters of tomato, the highest average weight of the fruits was found in the TR5, TR4, and TR3 treatments (respectively, 73.67 g, 70.34 g, and 68.10 g). For durum wheat, only the protein component was differentiated between treatments. Furthermore, wheat grain yield parameters generally increased by combined application of mineral fertilizer and compost.

Effect of Turnip Soil Amendment and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Densities on Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective method of controlling nutsedges, but because of ozone depletion, the phase-out of methyl bromide has complicated nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and other vegetable crops. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family produce glucosinolates, which upon tissue decomposition generate biocidal isothiocyanates and therefore can be used as a biological alternative for yellow nutsedge control. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment with ‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop on the interference of yellow nutsedge planted at 0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched tomato production. There was no advantage of soil amendment with Seventop on reducing yellow nutsedge interference in polyethylene-mulched tomato. Regardless of soil amendment, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production at least 1.7, 1.6, and 1.6 times, respectively. As a result, tomato canopy width, shoot dry weight, and marketable yield decreased with increasing initial tuber densities. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on tomato height. Relative to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge at 50 and 100 tubers m−2reduced marketable yield of tomato up to 32 and 49%, respectively. Shading of the middle and lower portion of tomato plants by yellow nutsedge shoots could be the major factor for reducing tomato growth and yield in weedy plots. It is concluded that soil amendment with Seventop turnip is not a viable option for reducing yellow nutsedge interference at 50 and 100 tuber m−2in polyethylene-mulched tomato.

Response of Grafted Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Herbicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Christopher C. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Lack Of Information

Tomato grafting has gained increased attention in the United States as an alternative to methyl bromide to control soilborne pests and diseases. Although several herbicides are registered in tomato production, a lack of information exists on the effect of herbicides on grafted tomato. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine herbicide tolerance of grafted tomato. In greenhouse experiments, halosulfuron (27, 54, and 108 g ai ha−1), metribuzin (280, 560, and 1,120 g ai ha−1), andS-metolachlor (1,070, 2,140, and 3,200 g ai ha−1) were applied posttransplant to nongrafted ‘Amelia' and Amelia scion grafted onto ‘Maxifort' or ‘RST-04-106-T' tomato rootstocks. Although herbicide injury was observed, no differences were observed in grafted and nongrafted tomato response including visible injury assessments, plant height, and fresh weight. Tomato injury at 3 wk after herbicide application increased from 3 to 12, 1 to 87, and 0 to 37% as rate of halosulfuron, metribuzin, andS-metolachlor increased, respectively. In field experiments under plasticulture, herbicides applied pretransplant included fomesafen (280 and 420 g ai ha−1), halosulfuron (39 and 54 g ha−1), metribuzin (280 and 560 g ha−1), napropamide (1,120 and 2,240 g ha−1),S-metolachlor (800 and 1,070 g ha−1), and trifluralin (560 and 840 g ai ha−1). Amelia was used as the scion and the nongrafted control. ‘Anchor-T', ‘Beaufort', or Maxifort tomato were used as rootstocks for grafted plants. Fomesafen, halosulfuron, napropamide, and trifluralin initially caused greater injury to grafted tomato than to nongrafted tomato regardless of rootstock (Anchor-T, Beaufort, or Maxifort). However, by 4 wk after treatment, all grafted and nongrafted plants had recovered from herbicide injury. A transplant type-by-herbicide interaction was not observed for yield, but grafted A-Maxifort tomato produced greater total and marketable yield than nongrafted Amelia tomato. Grafted tomato exhibited similar tolerance as nongrafted tomato for all herbicides applied post- and pretransplant.

Effect of hybrid varieties, application timing, and herbicide rate on field corn tolerance to tolpyralate plus atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan A. Metzger ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Alan J. Raeder ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Grain Moisture

AbstractA wide margin of crop safety is a desirable trait of POST herbicides, and investigation of crop tolerance is a key step in evaluation of new herbicides. Six field experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada, from 2017 to 2018 to examine the influence of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid (DKC42-60RIB, DKC43-47RIB, P0094AM, and P9840AM), application rate (1X and 2X), and application timing (PRE, V1, V3, and V5) on the tolerance of field corn to tolpyralate, a new 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, co-applied with atrazine. Two corn hybrids (DKC42-60RIB and DKC43-47RIB) exhibited slightly greater visible injury from tolpyralate + atrazine, applied POST, than P0094AM and P9840AM at 1 to 2 wk after application (WAA); hybrids responded similarly with respect to height, grain moisture, and yield. Applications of tolpyralate + atrazine at a 2X rate (80 + 2,000 g ai ha−1) induced greater injury (≤31.6%) than the field rate (40 + 1,000 g ha−1) (≤11.6%); the 2X rate applied at V1 or V3 decreased corn height and slightly increased grain moisture at harvest. On average, field rates resulted in marginally higher grain yields than 2X rates. Based on mixed-model multiple stepwise regression analysis, the air temperature at application, time of day, temperature range in the 24 h before application, and precipitation following application were useful predictor variables in estimating crop injury with tolpyralate + atrazine; however, additional environmental variables also affected crop injury. These results demonstrate the margin of corn tolerance with tolpyralate + atrazine, which provides a basis for optimization of application timing, rate, and corn hybrid selection to mitigate the risk of crop injury with this herbicide tank mixture.

Tolerance of Processing Tomato to Thifensulfuron-Methyl

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
Stephen Bowley ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Results

Limited information exists on the tolerance of processing tomato to postemergence (POST) application of thifensulfuron-methyl. The tolerance of 13 processing tomato varieties, ‘CC337’, ‘H9144’, ‘H9314’, ‘H9478’, ‘H9492’, ‘H9553’, ‘H9909’, ‘N1069’, ‘N1082’, ‘N1480E’, ‘N1480L’, ‘N1522’, and ‘PETO696’, to POST applications of thifensulfuron-methyl at the maximum use rate (6 g ai/ha) and twice the maximum use rate (12 g/ha) for soybean was evaluated at two Ontario locations in 2001 and 2002. At 7 days after treatment (DAT), thifensulfuron applied POST caused 0.2 to 1% visible injury to CC337, H9144, N1082, N1522, and PETO696 at the high rate. H9553, H9909, N1069, and N1480E were the most sensitive to POST thifensulfuron-methyl, with visible injury ranging from 1 to 6% at the high rate. There was no visible injury to H9314, H9478, H9492, or N1480L at either application rate of thifensulfuron-methyl. By 28 DAT, no visible injury was noted to any variety, except for H9909, N1069, and N1480L, which showed minimal (<2%) visible injury. There were no adverse effects on shoot dry weight and marketable yield for any variety at either rate. Although thifensulfuron-methyl applied POST caused minimal and transient injury to the varieties tested, more tolerance trials with other fresh and processing tomato varieties are required to confirm these initial results.

scholarly journals Relay Cropping Bell Pepper and Tomato: Effects of Cropping Sequence and Transplanting Date

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ravneet K. Sandhu ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara ◽  
Natalia Peres
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Research And Education

Vegetable growers in Florida face rising production costs, reduced crop value, and competition from foreign markets. Relay cropping is a variant of double cropping, where the second crop is planted into the first crop before the harvest is finished. This cropping system may be a potential solution to lower production costs per crop by sharing some inputs for two crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cropping sequence and transplanting date of the secondary crop when relay cropping tomato and bell pepper. Two field experiments were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, in 2018 and 2019. In the first experiment, tomato was grown as the primary crop and bell pepper was added as the secondary crop, with multiple transplanting dates (8 Aug., 23 Aug., 7 Sept., and 24 Sept.). The second experiment had the same setup but the reverse cropping sequence. Bell pepper yield as the secondary crop was reduced by 65% when grown with tomato as the primary crop compared with bell pepper planted alone. Transplanting date had no effect on bell pepper yield (P = 0.091). Tomato yield was unaffected by the presence of the secondary crop. In the second experiment, tomato yield as a secondary crop was 36% lower when grown with bell pepper as the primary crop compared with tomato crop alone (monocropped). However, tomato yield was significantly reduced by the presence of bell pepper only when tomato crop was planted within 30 to 45 days after planting bell pepper. Based on these results, we recommend relay cropping tomato as the secondary crop within 30 days of planting of bell pepper as the primary crop. However, we do not recommend relay cropping bell pepper as the secondary crop with tomato.

Effect of Flumetsulam Plus Clopyralid Soil Residues on Several Vegetable Crops and on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars Grown in Rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Sullivan ◽  
Robert J. Thomas ◽  
William J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Field Corn

The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on several vegetable crops grown in rotation with field corn was investigated over 2 yr. The effect of soil residues of flumetsulam plus clopyralid on sweet corn cultivars of varying sensitivity to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide was also investigated. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied preemergence (PRE) to field corn at 0, 50 + 135, and 100 + 270 g ai/ha, respectively, in 1993 and 1994. Cucumber, tomato, cabbage, potato, pepper, pea, and sweet corn were planted each spring, both 1 and 2 yr following the herbicide application. Cabbage was very sensitive and showed visible injury symptoms and yield reductions both years following flumetsulam plus clopyralid application. Pepper showed a yield reduction only in 1995. All other crops showed no injury or yield reductions. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid was applied PRE and postemergence (POST) to six sweet corn cultivars in 1995. These six sweet corn cultivars were replanted into the same site 1 yr later. Flumetsulam plus clopyralid severely injured three of six sweet corn cultivars in 1995, the year of application. Soil residues 1 yr later, however, did not injure or reduce yield of any sweet corn cultivars, including cultivars sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

Allyl Isothiocyanate as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Weed Management in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Yield

Methyl bromide has been widely used for weed control in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. With the phaseout of methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to determine if allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) would provide substantive weed control in tomato along with crop tolerance under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch. Treatment factors included two mulch types (LDPE and VIF) and six rates of allyl ITC (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1). A standard treatment of methyl bromide : chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1under LDPE mulch was also established. Allyl ITC was broadcast applied and incorporated in soil before forming raised beds and laying plastic mulch. Tomatoes were transplanted 3 wk after applying allyl ITC or methyl bromide treatments. Tomato injury was ≤ 8% in all treatments at 2 wk after transplanting (WATP). Allyl ITC at 913 (± 191) kg ha−1was required to control yellow nutsedge, Palmer amaranth, and large crabgrass equivalent to methyl bromide at 6 WATP and maintain marketable tomato yield equivalent to methyl bromide treatment. VIF mulch was not effective in increasing weed control or improving the marketable yield of tomato over LDPE mulch. This research demonstrates that allyl ITC under an LDPE mulch can have a practical application for weed control in polyethylene-mulched tomato in the absence of methyl bromide.

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