Overview of Chronic Oral Toxicity Values for Chemicals Present in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids, Flowback, and Produced Waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 4788-4797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Yost ◽  
John Stanek ◽  
Robert S. DeWoskin ◽  
Lyle D. Burgoon
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Produced Waters

scholarly journals Laboratory Testing of Fracture Conductivity Damage by Foam-Based Fracturing Fluids in Low Permeability Tight Gas Formations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Klaudia Wilk-Zajdel ◽  
Piotr Kasza ◽  
Mateusz Masłowski
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Damage Effect ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Sandstone Rock

In the case of fracturing of the reservoirs using fracturing fluids, the size of damage to the proppant conductivity caused by treatment fluids is significant, which greatly influence the effective execution of hydraulic fracturing operations. The fracturing fluid should be characterized by the minimum damage to the conductivity of a fracture filled with proppant. A laboratory research procedure has been developed to study the damage effect caused by foamed and non-foamed fracturing fluids in the fractures filled with proppant material. The paper discusses the results for high quality foamed guar-based linear gels, which is an innovative aspect of the work compared to the non-foamed frac described in most of the studies and simulations. The tests were performed for the fracturing fluid based on a linear polymer (HPG—hydroxypropyl guar, in liquid and powder form). The rheology of nitrogen foamed-based fracturing fluids (FF) with a quality of 70% was investigated. The quartz sand and ceramic light proppant LCP proppant was placed between two Ohio sandstone rock slabs and subjected to a given compressive stress of 4000–6000 psi, at a temperature of 60 °C for 5 h. A significant reduction in damage to the quartz proppant was observed for the foamed fluid compared to that damaged by the 7.5 L/m3 natural polymer-based non-foamed linear fluid. The damage was 72.3% for the non-foamed fluid and 31.5% for the 70% foamed fluid, which are superior to the guar gum non-foamed fracturing fluid system. For tests based on a polymer concentration of 4.88 g/L, the damage to the fracture conductivity by the non-foamed fluid was 64.8%, and 26.3% for the foamed fluid. These results lead to the conclusion that foamed fluids could damage the fracture filled with proppant much less during hydraulic fracturing treatment. At the same time, when using foamed fluids, the viscosity coefficient increases a few times compared to the use of non-foamed fluids, which is necessary for proppant carrying capacities and properly conducted stimulation treatment. The research results can be beneficial for optimizing the type and performance of fracturing fluid for hydraulic fracturing in tight gas formations.

scholarly journals pH-responsive viscoelastic supramolecular viscosifiers based on dynamic complexation of zwitterionic octadecylamidopropyl betaine and triamine for hydraulic fracturing applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 22517-22529
Author(s):  
Shuhao Liu ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Bhargavi Bhat ◽  
Kai-Yuan Kuan ◽  
Joseph Sang-II Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Efficient Transport ◽  
Critical Components

Viscosity modifying agents are one of the most critical components of hydraulic fracturing fluids, ensuring the efficient transport and deposition of proppant into fissures.

scholarly journals Environmentally friendly, rheoreversible, hydraulic-fracturing fluids for enhanced geothermal systems

Geothermics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Senthil Kabilan ◽  
Sean Stephens ◽  
Niraj Suresh ◽  
Anthon N. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

Novel Associative Acrylamide-based Polymers for Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gaillard ◽  
Antoine Thomas ◽  
Cedrick Favero
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Proppant Transport ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

scholarly journals Identifying chemicals of concern in hydraulic fracturing fluids used for oil production

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Stringfellow ◽  
Mary Kay Camarillo ◽  
Jeremy K. Domen ◽  
Whitney L. Sandelin ◽  
Charuleka Varadharajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

scholarly journals Biocides in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids: A Critical Review of Their Usage, Mobility, Degradation, and Toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve A. Kahrilas ◽  
Jens Blotevogel ◽  
Philip S. Stewart ◽  
Thomas Borch
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Mobility Degradation ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

scholarly journals Hydromechanical-Coupled Cohesive Interface Simulation of Complex Fracture Network Induced by Hydrofracturing with Low-Viscosity Supercritical CO2

Lithosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (Special 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Cai ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Small Aperture ◽  
Complex Fracture ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Low Viscosity Fluids

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing experiments with low-viscosity fluids, such as supercritical CO2, demonstrate the formation of complex fracture networks spread throughout the rocks. To study the influence of viscosity of the fracturing fluids on hydraulic fracture propagation, a hydromechanical-coupled cohesive zone model is proposed for the simulation of mechanical response of rock grains boundary separation. This simulation methodology considers the synergistic effects of unsteady flow in fracture and rock grain deformation induced by hydraulic pressure. The simulation results indicate a tendency of complex fracture propagation with more branches as the viscosity of fracturing fluids decrease, which is in accord with experimental results. The low-viscosity fluid can flow into the microfractures with extremely small aperture and create more shear failed fracture. This study confirms the possibility of effective well stimulations by hydraulic fracturing with low-viscosity fluids.

Developmental Toxicity of the Organic Fraction from Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback and Produced Waters to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 3820-3830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhe He ◽  
Chenxing Sun ◽  
Yifeng Zhang ◽  
Erik J. Folkerts ◽  
Jonathan W. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Produced Waters
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