scholarly journals Real-Time Study of Rapid Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid in Biofilm Using Microfluidics

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 11132-11141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Yong Qiu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xia Huang ◽  
Hanchang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Rapid Spread

scholarly journals Emerging patterns of plasmid-host coevolution that stabilize antibiotic resistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Stalder ◽  
Linda M. Rogers ◽  
Chris Renfrow ◽  
Hirokazu Yano ◽  
Zachary Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Alternative Drug ◽  
Putative Toxin ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Evolution Study ◽  
Plasmid Stabilization

ABSTRACTMultidrug resistant bacterial pathogens have become a serious global human health threat, and conjugative plasmids are important drivers of the rapid spread of resistance to last-resort antibiotics. Whereas antibiotics have been shown to select for adaptation of resistance plasmids to their new bacterial hosts, orvice versa, a general evolutionary mechanism has not yet emerged. Here we conducted an experimental evolution study aimed at determining general patterns of plasmid-bacteria evolution. Specifically, we found that a large conjugative resistance plasmid follows the same evolutionary trajectories as its non-conjugative mini-replicon in the same and other species. Furthermore, within a single host–plasmid pair three distinct patterns of adaptive evolution led to increased plasmid persistence: i) mutations in the replication protein gene (trfA1); ii) the acquisition by the resistance plasmid of a transposon from a co-residing plasmid encoding a putative toxin-antitoxin system; iii) a mutation in the host’s global transcriptional regulator genefur. Since each of these evolutionary solutions individually have been shown to increase plasmid persistence in other plasmid-host pairs, our work points towards common mechanisms of plasmid stabilization. These could become the targets of future alternative drug therapies to slow down the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Eternal Today

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Myllykoski ◽  
Anniina Rantakari
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Fundamental Characteristic ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Software Company ◽  
Present Experience ◽  
Managerial Strategy ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Strategy Making

This chapter focuses on temporality in managerial strategy making. It adopts an ‘in-time’ view to examine strategy making as the fluidity of the present experience and draws on a longitudinal, real-time study in a small Finnish software company. It shows five manifestations of ‘in-time’ processuality in strategy making, and identifies a temporality paradox that arises from the engagement of managers with two contradictory times: constructed linear ‘over time’ and experienced, becoming ‘in time’. These findings lead to the re-evaluation of the nature of intention in strategy making, and the authors elaborate the constitutive relation between time as ‘the passage of nature’ and human agency. Consequently, they argue that temporality should not be treated merely as an objective background or a subjective managerial orientation, but as a fundamental characteristic of processuality that defines the dynamics of strategy making.

scholarly journals ε2-Phages Are Naturally Bred and Have a Vastly Improved Host Range in Staphylococcus aureus over Wild Type Phages

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
David Sáez Moreno ◽  
Zehra Visram ◽  
Michele Mutti ◽  
Marcela Restrepo-Córdoba ◽  
Susana Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Human Infections

Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε2) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε2-phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε2-phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 1011). In summary, ε2-phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections.

Real-time monitoring and inhibition of the activity of carbapenemase in live bacterial cells: application to screening of β-lactamase inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (46) ◽  
pp. 20334-20340
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Min-Hao Jiang ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Le-Yun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Live Bacterial Cells

Antibiotic resistance mediated by β-lactamases including metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) has become an emerging threat.

scholarly journals An in situ and real time study of the formation of CdSe NCs

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 22928-22934
Author(s):  
Cristina Palencia ◽  
Robert Seher ◽  
Jan Krohn ◽  
Felix Thiel ◽  
Felix Lehmkühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Study

In situ studies are crucial to demonstrate that magic-size clusters are always intermediates in the formation of regular NCs.

scholarly journals The role of interparticle heterogeneities in the selenization pathway of Cu–Zn–Sn–S nanoparticle thin films: a real-time study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 7128-7134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Carter ◽  
Roland Mainz ◽  
Bryce C. Walker ◽  
Charles J. Hages ◽  
Justus Just ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Study

Small (∼5 nm), Cu- and Sn-rich nanoparticles play a key role in initiating the growth of micrometer-sized Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 grains.

Real-Time Study of the Disequilibrium Transfer in Vanadium Flow Batteries at Different States of Charge via Refractive Index Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (50) ◽  
pp. 28550-28555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunong Zhang ◽  
Kaijie Ma ◽  
Xiangrong Kuang ◽  
Le Liu ◽  
Yunxu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Refractive Index Detection

Femtosecond Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water: A Real Time Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (4A) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Lascoux ◽  
Guilhem Gallot ◽  
Francois Hache ◽  
Geoffrey Mitchell Gale ◽  
Savo Bratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Femtosecond Dynamics
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