Apple Polyphenols Extracts Ameliorate High Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Appetite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjing Wang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yuan Cui ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Shilan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Abstract 444: Angiotensinogen Inhibition Reduces Atherosclerosis and Body Weight Gain Induced by High-Carbohydrate Diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Balakrishnan ◽  
Deborah A Howatt ◽  
Congqing Wu ◽  
Adam E Mullick ◽  
Mark J Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Aortic Arches

Background and Objective: Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the unique precursor of the renin angiotensin system. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of AGT markedly reduced development of atherosclerosis and ablated body weight gain induced by a saturated fat-enriched diet. In addition to high fat intake, high carbohydrate consumption is an important component of contemporary diets. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AGT inhibition prevented atherosclerosis and obesity in LDL receptor -/- mice fed a high carbohydrate diet. Methods and Results: Eight week old male LDL receptor -/- mice were randomized to receive either control or AGT antisense oligonucleotides (ASO; 50 mg/kg/week intraperitoneal injection; N = 10 mice/group). Feeding a high carbohydrate diet was initiated after 6 weeks of ASO injection, and maintained for 12 weeks with continuous ASO injection. AGT-ASO administration profoundly reduced plasma AGT concentrations (Control vs AGT ASO: 3582 ± 117 vs 227 ± 15 ng/ml; P<0.001). High carbohydrate diet feeding resulted in profound increases of plasma cholesterol concentrations in both groups. Atherosclerotic lesions in aortic arches were measured using an en face method after termination. AGT inhibition led to significant decreases (P<0.001) in percentage lesion areas of aortic arches. Prior to high carbohydrate diet feeding, there was no difference of body weight between the two groups (Control vs AGT ASO: 26.6 ± 0.6 vs 25.9 ± 0.7 g; P=0.4). Although high carbohydrate diet only increased body weight modestly, mice injected with AGT ASO had less increases of body weight compared to mice injected with control ASO (Control vs AGT ASO: 28.5 ± 0.6 vs 26.8 ± 0.6 g; P<0.05). Echo MRI analyses demonstrated that the lower body weight in mice administered AGT ASO was attributed to less fat mass gain, whereas lean mass was comparable between the two groups. Additionally, AGT inhibition resulted in lower blood hemoglobin A1c (5.5 ± 0.1 vs 5.1 ± 0.1%; P=0.005). Conclusions: AGT inhibition reduces high carbohydrate diet-induced atherosclerosis and body weight gain.

scholarly journals Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Park ◽  
Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Min Hee Hwang ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Young-Rak Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Effects of an Ad Libitum Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Diet on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution in Older Men and Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Hays ◽  
Raymond D. Starling ◽  
Xiaolan Liu ◽  
Dennis H. Sullivan ◽  
Todd A. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Older Men ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Older Men And Women

Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and regulates gut microbiota and LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8743-8756
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Ruyuan Zhu ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Yimiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The underlying mechanism behind these effects may be associated with the regulation of metabolic endotoxemia, gut microbiota homeostasis and LPS/TLR4 pathway.

scholarly journals ANTIOBESITY OF FRACTIONS WATER EXTRACT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) IN MALE WISTAR RATS INDUCED HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Ketut Adnyana I ◽  
Ketut Adnyana I ◽  
Neng Fisheri ◽  
Neng Fisheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Decrease

Objective: The prevalence of obesity increases each year globally. Multifactorial etiology of obesity requires therapy management including changing of diet and medicines. Some of obesity drugs have shown ineffectiveness and safety. The previous study showed that water extract of tamarind could reduce body weight (bw). This study aimed to test the activity fraction of water extract tamarind as antiobesity using high carbohydrate diet.Method: The preventive research of antiobesity had done by given water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of water extract tamarind following with induced high carbohydrate diet during 6th weeks in male Wistar rats. The parameters had observed including consumption of food, body weight, weight of feces, volume of urine, total cholesterols, triglycerides, blood glucose, index of organs, and accumulation of body fat.Result: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses 4.5 mg/kg bw has shown significantly effect to decrease of total cholesterols level and decrease of triglycerides level at weeks 6 (p<0.05). All the tests of fraction have shown activity inhibition of increased body weight, decrease of appetite, total cholesterols, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Meanwhile, mechanism action of antiobesity as increase defecation, urination, and decrease index of organs and accumulation of body fat have not shown by all these test fractions.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 4.5 mg/kg bw can inhibit raising of body weight, decrease of total cholesterols, and triglycerides level greater than the other test groups, where increasing of these levels of blood biochemistry was closely related to the pathology of obesity.

Abstract P366: A High-carbohydrate Diet Increases Serum HDL-C and Apolipoprotein A-I and Decreases Weight and BMI in the Male A Carriers of the APOA1 -75G/A Polymorphism

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yan Song ◽  
Ren Rong Gong ◽  
Min Shan Hu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Anthropometric Indexes

Both apolipoprotein gene polymorphism and high-carbohydrate diet have been found to be associated with serum lipid levels. However, the effects of their interaction on serum lipid profiles have not been well elucidated yet. We assessed the hypothesis that the subjects with different genotypes of the -75G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein A-I gene ( APOA1 ) have different serum lipid responses upon a high-carbohydrate diet. Fifty-six healthy university students (27 males and 29 females, 22.89&#177;1.80 years) were given a washout diet of 54% carbohydrates for seven days, followed by a high-carbohydrate diet of 70% carbohydrates for six days without total energy restriction. Anthropometric indexes and serum lipids at baseline, after the washout diet, and after the high-carbohydrate diet, as well as the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism were analyzed. The male A carriers of the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism consistently had higher levels of apolipoprotein A-I ( p =0.008 at baseline, p =0.031 after the washout diet, and p =0.009 after the high-carbohydrate diet diet), but higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) only at baseline ( p =0.048) and after the high-carbohydrate diet ( p =0.042) than the males with the GG genotype, and experienced increases in HDL-C ( p =0.023) and apolipoprotein A-I ( p =0.012) and decreases in body weight ( p =0.017) and body mass index (BMI) ( p =0.018) after the high-carbohydrate diet when compared to those after the washout diet. In conclusion, the high-carbohydrate diet can increase the serum HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in the males carrying the A allele of the APOA1 -75G/A polymorphism. The effects are associated with the decreases of body weight and BMI. These results may provide experimental evidences for the personalized dietary interference in the country with the largest population in the world.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sanz ◽  
Arlette Santacruz ◽  
Paola Gauffin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Immune Functions

Obesity is a major public health issue as it is causally related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, CVD and cancer. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of the microbiota of either obese or lean mice influences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice, suggesting that the gut ecosystem is a relevant target for weight management. Indigenous gut microbes may regulate body weight by influencing the host's metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions. The intestinal microbiota, as a whole, provides additional metabolic functions and regulates the host's gene expression, improving the ability to extract and store energy from the diet and contributing to body-weight gain. Imbalances in the gut microbiota and increases in plasma lipopolysaccharide may also act as inflammatory factors related to the development of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and body-weight gain. In contrast, specific probiotics, prebiotics and related metabolites might exert beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, the production of satiety peptides and the inflammatory tone related to obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This knowledge is contributing to our understanding of how environmental factors influence obesity and associated diseases, providing new opportunities to design improved dietary intervention strategies to manage these disorders.

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