Dereplication of Fungal Metabolites by NMR-Based Compound Networking Using MADByTE

Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that microbiota play an important role in host’s homeostasis. Thus far, researchers have mostly focused on the role of bacterial microbiota. However, human gut is a habitat for several fungal species, which produce numerous metabolites. Furthermore, various types of food and beverages are rich in a wide spectrum of fungi and their metabolites.Methods:We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical and pre-clinical studies on fungal metabolites, composition of human mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis.Results:Fungal metabolites may serve as signaling molecules and exert significant biological effects including trophic, anti-inflammatory or antibacterial actions. Finally, research suggests an association between shifts in gut fungi composition and human health. Changes in mycobiota composition have been found in obesity, hepatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases.Conclusion:The influence of mycobiota and dietary fungi on homeostasis in mammals suggests a pharmacotherapeutic potential of modulating the mycobiota which may include treatment with probiotics and fecal transplantation. Furthermore, antibacterial action of fungi-derived molecules may be considered as a substitution for currently used antibacterial agents and preservatives in food industry.

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Formation of fertile aerial mycelium within asporogenous streptomycetes as induced by fungal metabolites

Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie ◽

10.1002/jobm.3630220205 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 107-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Küster ◽

H. S. H. Attaby

Keyword(s):

Aerial Mycelium ◽

Fungal Metabolites

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ChemInform Abstract: BIOSYNTHESIS OF FUNGAL METABOLITES. TERREIN, A METABOLITE OF ASPERGILLUS TERREUS THOM

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.198151152 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (51) ◽

Author(s):

R. A. HILL ◽

R. H. CARTER ◽

J. STAUNTON

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Terreus ◽

Fungal Metabolites

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Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Corn Silage: Relationships with Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Communities

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Antonio Gallo ◽

Francesca Ghilardelli ◽

Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽

Severino Zara ◽

Barbara Novak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Kojic Acid ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Low Levels

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages were grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, and they were characterized for being contaminated by (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high levels of non-regulated Fusarium-mycotoxins; (5) high levels of fumonisins and their metabolites. Altersetin was detected in clusters 1, 3, and 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F were detected in several samples, with the highest concentration in cluster 3. Emodin was detected in more than 50.0% of samples of clusters 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Kojic acid occurred mainly in clusters 1 and 2 at very low concentrations. Regarding Fusarium mycotoxins, high occurrences were observed for FB3, FB4, FA1, whereas the average concentrations of FB6 and FA2 were lower than 12.4 µg/kg dry matter. Emerging Fusarium-produced mycotoxins, such as siccanol, moniliformin, equisetin, epiequisetin and bikaverin were detected in the majority of analyzed corn silages. Pestalotin, oxaline, phenopirrozin and questiomycin A were detected at high incidences. Concluding, this work highlighted that corn silages could be contaminated by a high number of regulated and emerging mycotoxins.

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The signaling role of extracellular ATP in co-culture of Shiraia sp. S9 and Pseudomonas fulva SB1 for enhancing hypocrellin A production

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-021-01637-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Ping Li ◽

Lu Lu Zhou ◽

Yan Hua Guo ◽

Jian Wen Wang

Keyword(s):

Atp Release ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Extracellular Atp ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Disulfonic Acid ◽

Early Event ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Extracellular Signaling ◽

Hypocrellin A

Abstract Background Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays both a central role as an intracellular energy source, and a crucial extracellular signaling role in diverse physiological processes of animals and plants. However, there are less reports concerning the signaling role of microbial extracellular ATP (eATP). Hypocrellins are effective anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents from bambusicolous Shiraia fungi. The co-culture of Shiraia sp. S9 and a bacterium Pseudomonas fulva SB1 isolated from Shiraia fruiting bodies was established for enhanced hypocrellin A (HA) production. The signaling roles of eATP to mediate hypocrellin biosynthesis were investigated in the co-culture. Results The co-culture induced release of eATP at 378 nM to the medium around 4 h. The eATP release was interdependent on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. The eATP production could be suppressed by the Ca2+ chelator EGTA or abolished by the channel blocker La3+, ROS scavenger vitamin C and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). The bacterium-induced H2O2 production was strongly inhibited by reactive blue (RB), a specific inhibitor of membrane purinoceptors, but dependent on the induced Ca2+ influx in the co-culture. On the other hand, the application of exogenous ATP (exATP) at 10–300 µM to Shiraia cultures also promoted fungal conidiation and HA production, both of which were blocked effectively by the purinoceptor inhibitors pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′, 4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS) and RB, and ATP hydrolase apyrase. Both the induced expression of HA biosynthetic genes and HA accumulation were inhibited significantly under the blocking of the eATP or Ca2+ signaling, and the scavenge of ROS in the co-culture. Conclusions Our results indicate that eATP release is an early event during the intimate bacterial–fungal interaction and eATP plays a signaling role in the bacterial elicitation on fungal metabolites. Ca2+ and ROS are closely linked for activation of the induced ATP release and its signal transduction. This is the first report on eATP production in the fungal–bacterial co-culture and its involvement in the induced biosynthesis of fungal metabolites. Graphic abstract

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pH-sensitive release of fungal metabolites from chitosan nanoparticles for effective cytotoxicity in prostate cancer (PC3) cells

Process Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 165-172

Author(s):

Kandasamy Saravanakumar ◽

Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss ◽

Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan ◽

Karthikkumar Venkatachalam ◽

Xiaowen Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Ph Sensitive ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Pc3 Cells

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Nicotinamide Effectively Suppresses Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2968

Author(s):

Yasir Sidiq ◽

Masataka Nakano ◽

Yumi Mori ◽

Takashi Yaeno ◽

Makoto Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Antifungal Compounds ◽

Pyridine Nucleotides ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Dna Hypomethylation ◽

Metabolome Analysis ◽

Head Blight ◽

Ergosterol Peroxide ◽

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Pyridine nucleotides such as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are known as plant defense activators. We previously reported that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) enhanced disease resistance against fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum in barley and Arabidopsis. In this study, we reveal that the pretreatment of nicotinamide (NIM), which does not contain nucleotides, effectively suppresses disease development of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat plants. Correspondingly, deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin accumulation was also significantly decreased by NIM pretreatment. A metabolome analysis showed that several antioxidant and antifungal compounds such as trigonelline were significantly accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes after inoculation of F. graminearum. In addition, some metabolites involved in the DNA hypomethylation were accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes. On the other hand, fungal metabolites DON and ergosterol peroxide were significantly reduced by the NIM pretreatment. Since NIM is relative stable and inexpensive compared with NMN and NAD, it may be more useful for the control of symptoms of FHB and DON accumulation in wheat and other crops.

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