Investigation of Closed-Loop Manufacturing with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene over Multiple Generations Using Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 13955-13969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazher Iqbal Mohammed ◽  
Daniel Wilson ◽  
Eli Gomez-Kervin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Jinfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Electrical Properties of Additively Manufactured Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Thaler ◽  
Nahal Aliheidari ◽  
Amir Ameli
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Additive manufacturing is an emerging method to produce customized parts with functional materials without big investments. As one of the common additive manufacturing methods, fused deposition modeling (FDM) uses thermoplastic-based feedstock. It has been recently adapted to fabricate composite materials too. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the most widely used material as FDM feedstock. However, it is an electrically insulating polymer. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the other hand are highly conductive. They are attractive fillers because of their high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, a nanocomposite of these two materials can give an electrically conductive material that is potentially compatible with FDM printing. This work focuses on the investigation of the relationships between the FDM process parameters and the electrical conductivity of the printed ABS/CNT nanocomposites. Nanocomposite filaments with CNT contents up to 10wt% were produced using a twin-screw extruder followed by 3D printing using FDM method. The starting material was pellets from a masterbatch containing 15 wt% CNT. Compression-molded samples of ABS/CNT were also prepared as the bulk baselines. The effects of CNT content and nozzle size on the through-layer and in-layer electrical conductivity of the printed nanocomposites were analyzed. Overall, a higher percolation threshold was observed in the printed samples, compared to that of the compression-molded counterparts. This resulted in the conductivity of the printed samples that is at least one order of magnitude lower. Moreover, at CNT contents up to 5 wt%, the in-layer conductivity of the printed samples was almost two orders of magnitudes higher than that in the through-layer direction. In ABS/3 wt% CNT samples, the through-layer conductivity continuously decreased as the nozzle diameter was decreased from 0.8 mm to 0.35 mm. These variations in the electrical conductivity were explained in terms of the CNT alignment, caused by the extrusion process during the print, quality of interlayer bonding during deposition, and the voids created due to the discrete nature of the printing process.

scholarly journals Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene over Multiple Recycling Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
Achilles Vairis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Sustainability in additive manufacturing refers mainly to the recycling rate of polymers and composites used in fused filament fabrication (FFF), which nowadays are rapidly increasing in volume and value. Recycling of such materials is mostly a thermomechanical process that modifies their overall mechanical behavior. The present research work focuses on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, which is the second most popular material used in FFF-3D printing. In order to investigate the effect of the recycling courses on the mechanical response of the ABS polymer, an experimental simulation of the recycling process that isolates the thermomechanical treatment from other parameters (i.e., contamination, ageing, etc.) has been performed. To quantify the effect of repeated recycling processes on the mechanic response of the ABS polymer, a wide variety of mechanical tests were conducted on FFF-printed specimens. Regarding this, standard tensile, compression, flexion, impact and micro-hardness tests were performed per recycle repetition. The findings prove that the mechanical response of the recycled ABS polymer is generally improved over the recycling repetitions for a certain number of repetitions. An optimum overall mechanical behavior is found between the third and the fifth repetition, indicating a significant positive impact of the ABS polymer recycling, besides the environmental one.

Development of a gripper for garment handling designed for additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
pp. 095440621985776
Author(s):  
Michal Jilich ◽  
Mattia Frascio ◽  
Massimiliano Avalle ◽  
Matteo Zoppi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Design Validation ◽  
Polymeric Additive ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The paper presents how a robotic gripper specific for grasping and handling of textiles and soft flexible layers can be miniaturized and improved by polymeric additive manufacturing-oriented re-design. Advantages of polymeric additive manufacturing are to allow a re-design of components with integrated functions, to be cost-effective equipment for small batches production and the availability of suitable materials for many applications. The drawback is that for design validation extended testing is still necessary because of lacks in standardization and that the mechanical properties are building parameters dependent. The outcomes are a lower complexity of the design overall and lower number of components. These are pursued taking advantage of the anisotropy of the additive manufacturing processed polymer and assigning appropriate shapes and linkages in the mechanisms. Set of common materials (polylactide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and technical (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate blend) are tested to obtain data for the modelling.

Parametric Study on Surface Roughness of Metallized Parts Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Kumar Gurrala ◽  
Brijesh Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Copper Electroplating ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In the current technological evolution, additive manufacturing is taking a lead role in manufacturing of components for both prototyping as well as finished products. Metallization of the polymer parts has high potential to add value in-terms of metallic luster, improved strength, long shelf-life and better radiation resistance. Standard acid copper plating process has been adopted for deposition of copper on polymer parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. The parameters namely the etching time, voltage and the surface finish of the manufactured FDM parts are studied for their influence on the surface quality. Experiments have been designed using design of experiments strategy. Experiments have been conducted and surface roughness has been measured. Influence of each of the three parameters has been discussed in detail. For the reported process the optimal value of etching time of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been found in the range of 30 to 60 minutes along with applied voltage in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 Volts for copper electroplating.

scholarly journals Print Velocity Effects on Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Using Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Wilco M. H. Verbeeten ◽  
Rob J. Arnold-Bik ◽  
Miriam Lorenzo-Bañuelos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Activation Volume ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The strain-rate sensitivity of the yield stress for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) tensile samples processed via material extrusion additive manufacturing (ME-AM) was investigated. Such specimens show molecular orientation and interstitial voids that affect the mechanical properties. Apparent densities were measured to compensate for the interstitial voids. Three different printing speeds were used to generate ME-AM tensile test samples with different molecular orientation. Printing velocities influenced molecular orientation and stretch, as determined from thermal shrinkage measurements. Likewise, infill velocity affected the strain-rate dependence of the yield stress. The ABS material manifests thermorheollogically simple behavior that can correctly be described by an Eyring flow rule. The changing activation volume, as a result of a varying print velocity, scales linearly with the molecular orientation, as captured in an estimated processing-induced pre-strain. Therefore, it is suggested that ME-AM processed ABS shows a deformation-dependent activation volume. This paper can be seen as initial work that can help to improve quantitative predictive numerical tools for ME-AM, taking into account the effects that the processing step has on the mechanical properties.

Multifunctional Fused Deposition Modeled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene-Based Structures With Embedded Conductive Channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Youssef ◽  
Jordan Smilo ◽  
Aryan Blourchian ◽  
Nha Uyen Huynh ◽  
Arbi V. Karapetian
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Silver Coating ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The applicability of additive manufacturing (AM) continues to expand because of research and development efforts in industrial, academic, and governmental institutions. The lure of additive manufacturing lies in the quick time-to-market and ability to produce parts and components with high degrees of topographical complexity empowered by the layer-by-layer production approach. One challenge that is attracting a significant amount of attention is improving the multi-functionality of additively manufactured parts, as enabling multi-functionality will result in transitioning AM to a broader application domain. The objective of this paper is to report novel developments that improve the functionality of polymer-based parts by adding electrical conductivity and fluid management to the existing load-bearing capabilities. A space structure was 3D-printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with embedded internal channels throughout the entire structure and then sealed using an acetone-diluted epoxy. The inner surfaces of the embedded channels of the sealed structure were then metallized using an electroless silver-coating process; these processes were found to be robust and independent of the inner diameter and length of the structure. The electromechanical performance of the structure was verified by applying mechanical loading while monitoring the change in electrical resistivity. The latter was found to remain nearly constant up to the point of ultimate mechanical failure. Finite element modeling was used to identify the areas of structural weaknesses and assist in elucidating the failure modes. The results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

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