Research Advances: Nano Scrub Brushes for Renaissance Masterpieces; Particle Emissions from Laser Printers Might Pose Health Concern; Advance Promises New Era in Recycling of Plastics

SummaryCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for approximately 20% of all skin cancers. Its rising incidence represents a major public health concern. The majority of cSCC are curable by surgical resection. Although less than 5% of cSCC patients develop metastases or local recurrence after complete excision, advanced cSCC is difficult to treat. Until recently, no standard therapeutic regimen for advanced cSCC exists. Traditional therapies include chemotherapy and EGFR-targeted therapy, but their clinical benefit remains modest and has been demonstrated mostly in retrospective studies. On the contrary, PD-1 inhibitors dramatically improve outcomes in many immunocompetent cSCC patients, resulting in the approval of cemiplimab as the first FDA-approved systemic drug for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cSCC who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. In the coming years combination therapies are an emerging treatment strategy that could improve efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in advanced cSCC. Moreover, several prospective controlled trials have been designed to explore the potential role of PD-1 inhibitors in the adjuvant and neodjuvant setting. Given the paucity of data, the management of immunocompromised cSCC patients requires a heightened awareness in this new era of cancer therapeutics.

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Particle Emissions from Laser Printers: Have They Decreased?

Environmental Science & Technology Letters ◽

10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lidia Morawska ◽

Meng Xiu ◽

Congrong He ◽

Giorgio Buonanno ◽

Peter McGarry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Emissions ◽

Laser Printers

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Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104200 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 428-429

Author(s):

H.J.G. Gundersen

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Small Distance ◽

Parallel Plane ◽

Unbiased Estimation ◽

Severe Problem ◽

New Era ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Distinct Property ◽

Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

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Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100299 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 110-111

Author(s):

Sarah A. Luse

Keyword(s):

Clinical Medicine ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Riboflavin Deficiency ◽

Drug Induced ◽

New Era ◽

Health And Disease ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Cellular Pathology ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

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Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102481 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Charles D. Humphrey ◽

E. H. Cook ◽

Karen A. McCaustland ◽

Daniel W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

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Falls Among Older Adults: A Public Health Concern

Perspectives on Hearing Conservation and Occupational Audiology ◽

10.1044/hcoa1.1.13 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

J. Handelsman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Health Concern ◽

Public Health Concern

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An Overview of Dementias

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd21.3.75 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽

Jason E. Childress ◽

Paul E Schulz

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Great Variability ◽

Health Concern ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Common ◽

Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽

Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

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