Experimental Study of Single-Phase and Two-Phase Water-in-Crude-Oil Dispersed Flow Wax Deposition in a Mini Pilot-Scale Flow Loop

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 5036-5053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarit Panacharoensawad ◽  
Cem Sarica
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dispersed Flow ◽  
Phase Water

Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hetsroni ◽  
A. Mosyak ◽  
Z. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Infrared Radiometry ◽  
Phase Water

Abstract Experimental investigation of a heat sink for electronics cooling is performed. The objective is to keep the operating temperature at a relatively low level of about 323–333K, while reducing the undesired temperature variation in both the streamwise and transverse directions. The experimental study is based on systematic temperature, flow and pressure measurements, infrared radiometry and high-speed digital video imaging. The heat sink has parallel triangular microchannels with a base of 250μm. According to the objectives of the present study, Vertrel XF is chosen as the working fluid. Experiments on flow boiling of Vertrel XF in the microchannel heat sink are performed to study the effect of mass velocity and vapor quality on the heat transfer, as well as to compare the two-phase results to a single-phase water flow.

Mass Fraction Measurements in Controlled Oil-Water Flows Using Noninvasive Ultrasonic Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Chaudhuri ◽  
Dipen N. Sinha ◽  
Abhijit Zalte ◽  
Eduardo Pereyra ◽  
Charles Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Controlled flow rate tests using mixtures of crude oil and water at different mass fractions were carried out in a flow loop at the University of Tulsa. A noninvasive acoustic method developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was applied to calculate the mass and volume fractions of oil and water in the mixed two-phase flow by measuring the speed of sound through the composite fluid mixture along with the instantaneous temperature. The densities and sound speeds in each fluid component were obtained in advance for calibration at various temperatures, and the fitting coefficients were used in the final algorithm. In this paper, we present composition measurement results using the acoustic technique from LANL for different mixture ratios of crude oil and water and at varying flow rates and a comparison of the results from the acoustics-based method with those from Coriolis meters that measured individual mass flow rates prior to mixing. The mean difference between the two metering techniques was observed to be less than 1.4% by weight and is dependent on the total flow rates. A Monte Carlo analysis of the error due to calibration uncertainty has also been included.

New Validated Methodology for the Required Force to Operate Balanced Disk Globe Valves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Leutwyler ◽  
Kenneth Beasley ◽  
Emil Leutwyler ◽  
Mital Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Upstream Flow

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) contracted Kalsi Engineering, Inc (KEI) to perform flow loop testing, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses, and methodology development to more accurately predict flow-induced forces in balanced globe valves. The flow loop test conditions included single-phase and two-phase water flow, straight pipe and upstream-flow-disturbance pipe configurations, and two 4-inch balanced disk globe valves test specimens with a combination of quick opening and linear trim. CFD predictions were performed with a commercial grade dedicated version of ANSYS CFX 16.0 software. The methodology was developed to utilize key dimensional characteristics of the disk and cage to determine the effective area through the stroke. The methodology accounts for trim characteristics, flow orientation, disk style, maximum valve DP and maximum flow rate. The model is validated for fluid temperatures between 70 °F and 160 °F, flow velocities up to 45 ft/sec. The methodology was validated against flow loop test data over a range of flow conditions, disk styles, and trim characteristics. Paper published with permission.

Drag Reduction in Heavy Oil

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Storm ◽  
R. J. McKeon ◽  
H. L. McKinzie ◽  
C. L. Redus
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Effective Viscosity ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Pipeline Flow ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Flow Experiments

Transporting heavy crude oil by pipeline requires special facilities because the viscosity is so high at normal field temperatures. In some cases the oil is heated with special heaters along the way, while in others the oil may be diluted by as much as 30 percent with kerosene. Commercial drag reducers have not been found to be effective because the single-phase flow is usually laminar to only slightly turbulent. In this work we show the effective viscosity of heavy oils in pipeline flow can be reduced by a factor of 3–4. It is hypothesized that a liquid crystal microstructure can be formed so that thick oil layers slip on thin water layers in the stress field generated by pipeline flow. Experiments in a 1 1/4-in. flow loop with Kern River crude oil and a Venezuela crude oil BCF13 are consistent with this hypothesis. The effect has also been demonstrated under field conditions in a 6-in. flow loop using a mixture of North Sea and Mississippi heavy crude oils containing 10 percent brine.

Thermofluid Characteristics of Two-Phase Microgap Coolers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae W. Kim ◽  
Emil Rahim ◽  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Bongtae Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Water

The thermofluid characteristics of a chip-scale microgap cooler, including single-phase flow of water and FC-72 and flow boiling of FC-72, are explored. Heat transfer and pressure drop results for single phase water are used to validate a detailed numerical model and, together with the convective FC-72 data, establish a baseline for microgap cooler performance. Experimental results for single phase water and FC-72 flowing in 120 μm, 260 μm and 600 μm microgap coolers, 31mm wide by 34mm long, at velocities of 0.1 – 2 m/s are reported. “Pseudo-boiling” driven by dissolved gas and flow boiling of FC-72 are found to provide significant enhancement in heat transfer relative to theoretical single phase values.

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