Water-Resistant Polymer Coatings for Water-Soluble Glass

The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants using a polymeric shell made of organic material as a coating, which makes it possible to estimate the effectiveness of a polymer shell by the amount of the washed-out fire retardant. According to the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the dynamics of the release of fire retardants from the fire-protective layer of the coating was calculated; it did not exceed 1.0 %, and therefore, ensures fire protection of timber. The results of determining the weight loss of the sample under the influence of water indicate the ambiguous impact of the nature of protection on the washout. In particular, this implies the availability of data sufficient for performing a high-quality process of moisture diffusion inhibition and, based on it, detection of the moment, from which a decrease in efficiency of a coating begins. The experimental studies proved that a sample of fire-protected timber after exposure to water for 30 days withstood the influence of a heat flow. In particular, the loss of timber weight after the temperature exposure was less than 6 %, and the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 185 °C. Thus, there is a reason to assert the possibility of directed control of the processes of fire protection of timber through the use of polymer coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of fire-protected material, which inhibits the rate of washing out the fire retardants

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Polymer coated turnip rape seed did not facilitate early broadcast sowing under Finnish growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960606778644511 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 152 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽

H. KÄNKÄNEN ◽

K. PAHKALA

Keyword(s):

Seedling Establishment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Polymer Coatings ◽

Early Spring ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Turnip Rape ◽

Spring Canola ◽

Growing Conditions

An alternative sowing time for summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera subvar. annua) and canola rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera subvar. annua) was investigated under northern European growing conditions, where the growing season is very short and seedling establishment in spring is difficult. Using a method termed carrier technology, seeds of spring canola were coated with polymer and sown in winter or early spring. Two types of polymer were tested: water-impervious PoligenÆÊWE3 (polyethylene wax at five rates depending on experiment) and water-soluble, freeze sensitive ExtenderÆÊ (GrowTech at 3% of seed weight). Four separate field experiments at two locations (Jokioinen, 60¢X81¡¦N and Mietoinen, 60¢X38¡¦N) and two laboratory experiments were carried out in 2002¡V2004. Early sowing times were used in combination with autumn control of weeds using non-selective herbicides and broadcast sowing onto cereal stubble to promote cost-efficiency. Such sowing method failed to produce even plant stands, as only few seedlings emerged. The polymer coatings were successful and the water-soluble, freeze sensitive polymer designed to allow an alternative sowing time performed well in laboratory tests. Large numbers of early sown coated and control seeds remained viable until the end of spring. Under field conditions germination or seedling establishment failed probably due to poor seed-to-soil contact. Moreover, unfavourable winter and spring conditions likely resulted in lack of synchrony between adequate temperature and water availability needed for seed imbibition and germination.;

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Enhanced nitrogen fertiliser technologies support the ‘4R' concept to optimise crop production and minimise environmental losses

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 463 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Clifford S. Snyder

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Polymer Coatings ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Management Tools ◽

N Losses ◽

Run Off ◽

N Management

Fertiliser nitrogen (N) has been, and will continue to be, essential in nourishing, clothing and providing bioenergy for the human family. Yet, emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and losses of nitrate-N (NO3-N) to surface and groundwater resources are risks associated with fertiliser N use that must be better managed to help meet expanding societal expectations. Nitrogen fertilisers with polymer coatings, or with the addition of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors, or those possessing other characteristics that afford them either improved agronomic response and/or lessened loss of N to the environment (compared with a reference water-soluble fertiliser) may be considered enhanced-efficiency N fertilisers (EEFs). Agronomic and horticultural research with these technologies has been performed for many decades, but it has been primarily in the past decade that research has increasingly also measured their efficacy in reducing N losses via volatilisation, leaching, drainage, run-off and denitrification. Expanded use of EEFs, within the ‘4R’ concept (right source, right rate, right time, right place) of N management may help increase crop yields while minimising environmental N losses. Coupling these 4R N management tools with precision technologies, information systems, crop growth and N utilisation and transformation models, especially weather models, may improve opportunities for refined N management in the future.

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Luminescent Solar Concentrators from Waterborne Polymer Coatings

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10070655 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pierpaolo Minei ◽

Giuseppe Iasilli ◽

Giacomo Ruggeri ◽

Andrea Pucci

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Polymer Coatings ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Optical Efficiency ◽

Solar Concentrators ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Luminescent Solar Concentrators ◽

Polymer Dispersions ◽

Acid Esters

This study reports for the first time the use of waterborne polymers as host matrices for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). Notably, three types of waterborne polymer dispersions based either on acrylic acid esters and styrene (Polidisp® 7602), acrylic and methacrylic acid esters (Polidisp® 7788) or aliphatic polyester-based polyurethane (Tecfin P40) were selected as amorphous coatings over glass substrates. Water soluble Basic Yellow 40 (BY40) and Disperse Red 277 (DR277) were utilized as fluorophores and the derived thin polymer films (100 μm) were found homogeneous within the dye range of concentration investigated (0.3–2 wt.%). The optical efficiency determination (ηopt) evidenced LSCs performances close to those collected from benchmark polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin films and Lumogen Red F350 (LR) with the same experimental setup. Noteworthy, maximum ηopt of 9.5 ± 0.2 were recorded for the Polidisp® 7602 matrix containing BY40, thus definitely supporting the waterborne polymer matrices for the development of high performance and cost-effective LSCs.

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