Laser Photodissociation and Thermal Pyrolysis of Energetic Polymers

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

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New directions in the area of modern energetic polymers: An overview

Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves ◽

10.1134/s0010508217040013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 371-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. M. Badgujar ◽

M. B. Talawar ◽

V. E. Zarko ◽

P. P. Mahulikar

Keyword(s):

New Directions ◽

Energetic Polymers

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On the Mechanism of Methane Conversion in the Nonсatalytic Processes of Its Thermal Pyrolysis and Steam and Carbon Dioxide Reforming

Petroleum Chemistry ◽

10.1134/s0965544121110037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. Busillo ◽

V. I. Savchenko ◽

V. S. Arutyunov

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Methane Conversion ◽

Carbon Dioxide Reforming ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Conversion Of Methane ◽

Exponential Factors ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract A detailed kinetic modeling of the noncatalytic processes of thermal pyrolysis and steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane revealed almost completely identical kinetics of the methane conversion in these processes. This suggests that, in the temperature range 1400–1800 K, the initial stage of conversion of methane in all these processes is its thermal pyrolysis. The modeling results agree well with the experimental data on methane pyrolysis. For the temperature range examined, the Arrhenius expressions (pre-exponential factors and activation energy) were obtained in the first-order kinetics approximation for the rate of methane conversion in the processes studied. The expressions derived may be useful for making preliminary estimates and carrying out engineering calculations.

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Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

Journal of Energy Research and Reviews ◽

10.9734/jenrr/2020/v4i230120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dan Kica Omol ◽

Ongwech Acaye ◽

David Fred Okot ◽

Ocident Bongomin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Acid Activated Clay

Plastics have become an essential part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299 million tonnes in 2013, which has increased enormously in the present years. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose tremendous negative significant impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for the production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. The samples collection for both plastic wastes and clay catalyst, sample preparation and pyrolysis experiment for oil production was done in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality, Northern Uganda Region, Uganda. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid-activated clay mineral and aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3 hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: The first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst (purely thermal pyrolysis). The second phase involves the use of acid-activated clay mineral. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. Both phases were done at different heating rates. In purely thermal pyrolysis, 88 mL of oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39ºC and heating rates of 12.55ºC /minute and reaction time of 4 hours. Acid activated clay mineral yielded 100 mL of oil with the heating rates of 12.55ºC/minute and reaction time of 3 hours 30 minutes. While aluminium chlorides on activated carbon produced 105 mL of oil at a maximum temperature of 400ºC and heating rates of 15.5ºC /minute and reaction time of 3 hours 10 minutes. From the experimental results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminium chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

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Production of the liquid fuel by thermal pyrolysis of neem seed

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Niraj Kumar Nayan ◽

Sachin Kumar ◽

R.K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fuel ◽

Neem Seed ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis

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Thermal Pyrolysis of Polyethylene in Fluidized Beds: Review of the Influence of Process Parameters on Product Distribution

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4006790 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Suresh Kumar Reddy ◽

Pravin Kannan ◽

Ahmed Al Shoaibi ◽

C. Srinivasakannan

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Fluidized Beds ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Major Influence ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Influence Of Process Parameters ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis

The present work is an attempt to compile and analyze the most recent literature pertaining to thermal pyrolysis of plastic waste using fluidized bed reactors. The review is short owing to the small number of work reported in the open literature in particular to the fluidized beds. Although works on pyrolysis are reported in fixed beds, autoclaves, and fluidized beds, vast majority of them address to the utilization of fluidized bed due to their advantages and large scale adaptability. The pyrolysis temperature and the residence time are reported to have major influence on the product distribution, with the increase in pyrolysis temperature favoring gas production, with significant reduction in the wax and oil. The pyrolysis gas generally contains H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 while liquid product comprises benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, light oil, heavy oil, and gasoline with the variations depending on process conditions. The effects of other process parameters, namely fuel feed rate, fuel composition, and fluidizing medium have been reviewed and presented.

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