scholarly journals Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azubuike Anene ◽  
Siw Fredriksen ◽  
Kai Sætre ◽  
Lars-Andre Tokheim
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Hydrocarbon Distribution

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azubuike Francis Anene ◽  
Siw Bodil Fredriksen ◽  
Kai Arne Sætre ◽  
Lars -Andre Tokheim
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Hydrocarbon Distribution

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 ml laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE respectively. Thermal cracking results showed that the oil product contains a significant amount of gasoline (C7 − C12) and diesel (C13 − C20) hydrocarbon fractions. The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the gasoline range fraction (C7 – C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

scholarly journals Increased Aromatics Formation by the Use of High-Density Polyethylene on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Mandarin Peel over HY and HZSM-5

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Muhammad Siddiqui ◽  
Yejin Kang ◽  
Atsushi Watanabe ◽  
Hyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Shape Selectivity ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Strong Acidity ◽  
Mandarin Peel

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was co-fed into the catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of mandarin peel (MP) over different microporous catalysts, HY and HZSM-5, with different pore and acid properties. Although the non-catalytic decomposition temperature of MP was not changed during catalytic thermogravimetric analysis over both catalysts, that of HDPE was reduced from 465 °C to 379 °C over HY and to 393 °C over HZSM-5 because of their catalytic effects. When HDPE was co-pyrolyzed with MP over the catalysts, the catalytic decomposition temperatures of HDPE were increased to 402 °C over HY and 408 °C over HZSM-5. The pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed that the main pyrolyzates of MP and HDPE, which comprised a large amount of oxygenates and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a wide carbon range, were converted efficiently to aromatics using HY and HZSM-5. Although HY can provide easier diffusion of the reactants to the catalyst pore and a larger amount of acid sites than HZSM-5, the CP of MP, HDPE, and their mixture over HZSM-5 revealed higher efficiency on aromatics formation than those over HY due to the strong acidity and more appropriate shape selectivity of HZSM-5. The production of aromatics from the catalytic co-pyrolysis of MP and HDPE was larger than the theoretical amounts, suggesting the synergistic effect of HDPE co-feeding for the increased formation of aromatics during the CP of MP.

scholarly journals Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dan Kica Omol ◽  
Ongwech Acaye ◽  
David Fred Okot ◽  
Ocident Bongomin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Acid Activated Clay

Plastics have become an essential part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299 million tonnes in 2013, which has increased enormously in the present years. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose tremendous negative significant impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for the production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. The samples collection for both plastic wastes and clay catalyst, sample preparation and pyrolysis experiment for oil production was done in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality, Northern Uganda Region, Uganda. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid-activated clay mineral and aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3 hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: The first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst (purely thermal pyrolysis). The second phase involves the use of acid-activated clay mineral. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. Both phases were done at different heating rates. In purely thermal pyrolysis, 88 mL of oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39ºC and heating rates of 12.55ºC /minute and reaction time of 4 hours. Acid activated clay mineral yielded 100 mL of oil with the heating rates of 12.55ºC/minute and reaction time of 3 hours 30 minutes. While aluminium chlorides on activated carbon produced 105 mL of oil at a maximum temperature of 400ºC and heating rates of 15.5ºC /minute and reaction time of 3 hours 10 minutes. From the experimental results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminium chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Seawater Aged Polypropylene Over HZSM-5, HY, and Al-MCM-41

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3971-3974
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Muhammad Zain Siddiqui ◽  
Sangjae Jeong ◽  
Eun-Suk Jang ◽  
Young-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Poisoning ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Mcm 41

The effect of seawater aging on the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Although the surface properties of PP were of the oxidized form by seawater aging, the decomposition temperature and non-catalytic pyrolysis products of PP were relatively unchanged largely due to seawater aging. The catalytic pyrolysis of seawater-aged PP over all the catalysts produced smaller amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons than that of fresh PP due to catalyst poisoning caused by the residual inorganics. Among the catalysts, microporous HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3:23) produced the largest amount of aromatic hydrocarbons followed in order by microporous HY(30) and nanoporous Al-MCM-41(20) from seawater-aged PP due to the high acidity and appropriate pore size for the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk via Semi-Batch Reactor Using L9 Taguchi Orthogonal Array

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Vi Dang ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Mohd Fadhil Nuruddin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Array ◽  
Bio Oil

The market demand of bio-fuel is 11,8 billion litters based on recent reported data. Hence, with the high demand of bio-fuel, the bio-fuel production utilizing rice husk can be one of the solutions. Beside, bio-oil can be produced by pyrolysis process utilizing rice husk as the feedstock. In this research, the optimization condition in producing bio-oil from rice husk by catalytic pyrolysis process was studied. The effect of catalyst type (H-β, H-Y, HZSM-5), catalyst loading (1wt%, 5wt%, 12wt%), temperature (400-500°C) and flow rate (60-100ml/min) were investigated through repetitive experiments using L9 Taguchi Orthogonal Array. The highest liquid yield of 38wt% was obtained at the optimum conditions with temperature of 500°C with nitrogen flow rate of 60ml/min and 12wt% of H-ZSM-5.

scholarly journals Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics on Ni-Fe bimetallic catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingding Yao ◽  
Chunfei Wu ◽  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Yeshui Zhang ◽  
Mohamad A. Nahil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

scholarly journals Structure, stability, and properties of phenolic fibers modified by phenyl molybdate

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112092780
Author(s):  
Yang Kai ◽  
Jiao Mingli ◽  
Zhang Xiaomei ◽  
Jia Wanshun ◽  
Diao Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Heat Curing

Phenyl molybdate-modified phenolic fibers (PMoPFs) were prepared by melt spinning from the corresponding resin which was polymerized from phenol, formaldehyde, and phenyl molybdate, followed by solution curing and then heat curing processes. The molecular structures, including characteristic groups and molecular weight, were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The influences of the curing processes were demonstrated by mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis characterization. PMoPF with 8 wt% molybdic acid and cured in an oven possessed a tensile strength as high as 187 MPa, initial decomposition temperature of 300°C, and a char yield under nitrogen atmosphere at 800°C as high as 66.0%, with the molybdate (MoO4 2−) groups being introduced into the phenolic main chain.

Morphology and Properties of Polyoxymethylene/Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Nipawan Yasumlee ◽  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

The effects of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyoxymethylene (POM)/polypropylene (PP) blends at different compositions were investigated. The blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing using an internal mixer at 200°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed phase separation between POM and PP phases due to the difference in polarity of POM and PP. When adding the MCC in the blends the morphology slightly changed due to the weak interaction between MCC and polymer phases. Incorporation of MCC at 5 phr could improve Young’s modulus of POM/PP blends. The storage modulus of the blends was improved after adding MCC 5 phr due to reinforcing effect of the MCC. The thermal properties found that the addition of MCC had no effect on the melting temperature of the blends. The blends exhibited higher decomposition temperature than pure POM. The blends showed the decomposition temperatures increased when increasing amount of PP content, which were higher than pure POM. Therefore, it may be inferred that the addition of PP could enhance the thermal stability of the POM/PP blends, but the addition of MCC did not improve the thermal stability.

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