Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

Plastics have become an essential part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299 million tonnes in 2013, which has increased enormously in the present years. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose tremendous negative significant impacts on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for the production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. The samples collection for both plastic wastes and clay catalyst, sample preparation and pyrolysis experiment for oil production was done in Laroo Division, Gulu Municipality, Northern Uganda Region, Uganda. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid-activated clay mineral and aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3 hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: The first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst (purely thermal pyrolysis). The second phase involves the use of acid-activated clay mineral. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon. Both phases were done at different heating rates. In purely thermal pyrolysis, 88 mL of oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39ºC and heating rates of 12.55ºC /minute and reaction time of 4 hours. Acid activated clay mineral yielded 100 mL of oil with the heating rates of 12.55ºC/minute and reaction time of 3 hours 30 minutes. While aluminium chlorides on activated carbon produced 105 mL of oil at a maximum temperature of 400ºC and heating rates of 15.5ºC /minute and reaction time of 3 hours 10 minutes. From the experimental results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminium chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

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Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

10.20944/preprints202001.0264.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Kica Omol ◽

Ongwech Acaye ◽

David Fred Okot ◽

Ocident Bongomin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Second Phase ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Acid Activated Clay

Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 and heating rates of 12.5, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5 and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400 and heating rates of 15.5 reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

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Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels from Polyethylene Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis

10.20944/preprints202001.0264.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Kica Omol ◽

Ongwech Acaye ◽

Fred David Okot ◽

Ocident Bongomin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Second Phase ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Acid Activated Clay

Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of hydrocarbon fuel from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 and heating rates of 12.5, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5 and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminum chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400 and heating rates of 15.5 reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.

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Preparation of low-nitrogen and high-quality bio-oil from microalgae catalytic pyrolysis with zeolites and activated carbon

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis ◽

10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105182

Author(s):

Ziyue Tang ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Yingquan Chen ◽

Junhao Hu ◽

Haiping Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

High Quality ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Low Nitrogen

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Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11040359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Liping Zhang ◽

Shengnian Wu ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Ruihan Yao ◽

Eryong Wu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Hydroxamic Acid ◽

Ph Value ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Activated Carbon ◽

Mineral Processing ◽

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Global Reaction Model to Describe the Kinetics of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Coffee Grounds Waste

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.173 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 899 ◽

pp. 173-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronydes Batista Jr. ◽

Bruna Sene Alves Araújo ◽

Pedro Ivo Brandão e Melo Franco ◽

Beatriz Cristina Silvério ◽

Sandra Cristina Danta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Large Scale ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Reaction Model ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

One Step ◽

Global Reaction ◽

The One

In view of the constant search for new sources of renewable energy, the particulate agro-industrial waste reuse emerges as an advantageous alternative. However, despite the advantages of using the biomass as an energy source, there is still strong resistance as the large-scale replacement of petroleum products due to the lack of scientifically proven efficient conversion technologies. In this context, the pyrolysis is presented as one of the most widely used thermal decomposition processes. The knowledge of aspects of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics these will, heat and mass transfer, are so important, since influence the quality of the product. This paper presents a kinetic study of slow pyrolysis of coffee grounds waste from dynamic thermogravimetric experiments (TG), using different powder catalysts. The primary thermal decomposition was described by the one-step reaction model, which considers a single global reaction. The kinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear regression and the differential evolution method. The coffee ground waste was dried at 105°C for 24 hours. The sample in nature was analyzed at different heating rates, being 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 K/min. In the catalytic pyrolysis, about 5% (w/w) of catalyst were added to the sample, at a heating rate of 30 K/min. The results show that the one-step model does not accurately represent the data of weight loss (TG) and its derivative (DTG), but can do an estimative of the activation energy reaction, and can show the differences caused by the catalysts. Although no one can say anything about the products formed with the addition of the catalyst, it would be necessary to micro-pyrolysis analysis, we can say the influence of the catalyst in the samples, based on the data obtained in thermogravimetric tests.

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Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3979 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Azubuike Anene ◽

Siw Fredriksen ◽

Kai Sætre ◽

Lars-Andre Tokheim

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Waste Plastics ◽

Molecular Weight Range ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Pp Blends ◽

Hydrocarbon Distribution

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.

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Facile Route to Generate Fuel Oil via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene Bags: Towards Waste Management of >20 μm Plastic Bags

Thermochemical Waste Treatment ◽

10.1201/b19983-13 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 155-175

Author(s):

Neeraj Mishra ◽

Sunil Pandey ◽

Bhushan Patil ◽

Mukeshchand Thukur ◽

Ashmi Mewada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Waste Polypropylene ◽

Facile Route

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An Environmentally Friendly Technology for Biomass Production Hydorchar from Renewable Resources

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.634 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 634-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan Qiu Lei ◽

Hai Quan Su

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Removal Rates

A green and sustainable route for preparation of hydrochars from cornstalk by hydrothermal carbonization (200°C) was described. The morphology of the hydrochars changed with reaction time increased, the surface of the materials contained a large number of functional groups, showed higher adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) than activated carbon and the removal rates of Cr (VI) were 67% and 29% respectively (pH=1, 20°C).

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