Poly(ethylene imine) Nanocarriers Do Not Induce Mutations nor Oxidative DNA Damage in Vitro in MutaMouse FE1 Cells

Epidemiological studies have revealed a strong correlation between high intake of fruit and vegetables and low incidence of certain cancers. Micronutrients present in these foods are thought to decrease free radical attack on DNA and hence protect against mutations that cause cancer, but the fine details of the causal mechanism have still to be elucidated. Whether dietary factors can modulate DNA repair--a crucial element in the avoidance of carcinogenesis--is an intriguing question that has not yet been satisfactorily answered. In order to investigate the effects of beta-carotene on oxidative damage and its repair, volunteers were given a single 45 mg dose and lymphocytes taken before and after the supplement were treated in vitro with H2O2. DNA strand breaks and oxidised pyrimidines were measured at intervals, to monitor the removal of oxidative DNA damage. We found inter-individual variations in response. In cases where the baseline plasma beta-carotene concentration was high, or where supplementation increased the plasma concentration, recovery from oxidative damage (i.e. removal of both oxidised pyrimidines and strand breaks) was relatively rapid. However, what seems to be an enhancement of repair might in fact represent an amelioration of the continuing oxidative stress encountered by the lymphocytes under in vitro culture conditions. We found that culture in a 5% oxygen atmosphere enhanced recovery of lymphocytes from H2O2 damage.

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In Vitro Studies on Pesticide-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A Chemistry ◽

10.18596/jotcsa.67098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Özlem Demirci ◽

Bircan Çeken Toptancı ◽

Murat Kızıl

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

In Vitro Studies

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Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Genotoxicity

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma10121427 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1427 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Agmal Scherzad ◽

Till Meyer ◽

Norbert Kleinsasser ◽

Stephan Hackenberg

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Cytotoxic Effects

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most frequently applied nanomaterials in consumer products. Evidence exists regarding the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in mammalian cells; however, knowledge about the potential genotoxicity of ZnO NPs is rare, and results presented in the current literature are inconsistent. Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data regarding the DNA damage that ZnO NPs induce, and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms underlying genotoxic events. Methods: Electronic literature databases were systematically searched for studies that report on the genotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Results: Several methods and different endpoints demonstrate the genotoxic potential of ZnO NPs. Most publications describe in vitro assessments of the oxidative DNA damage triggered by dissoluted Zn2+ ions. Most genotoxicological investigations of ZnO NPs address acute exposure situations. Conclusion: Existing evidence indicates that ZnO NPs possibly have the potential to damage DNA. However, there is a lack of long-term exposure experiments that clarify the intracellular bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs and the possible mechanisms of DNA repair and cell survival.

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Induction of oxidative DNA damage and enhancement of cell proliferation in human lymphocytes in vitro by butylated hydroxyanisole

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/16.3.507 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

P.A.E.L. Schilderman ◽

E. Rhijnsburger ◽

I. Zwingmann ◽

J.C.S. Kleinjans

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Butylated Hydroxyanisole

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The Radiosensitizing Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sub-Cytotoxic Dosing Is Associated with Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12244062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4062

Author(s):

Till Jasper Meyer ◽

Agmal Scherzad ◽

Helena Moratin ◽

Thomas Eckert Gehrke ◽

Julian Killisperger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Clonogenic Survival ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Radiosensitizing Effect ◽

Primary Fibroblasts

Radioresistance is an important cause of head and neck cancer therapy failure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) mediate tumor-selective toxic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for radiosensitization of ZnO-NP. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of ZnO-NP20 nm and ZnO-NP100 nm was investigated in FaDu and primary fibroblasts (FB) by an MTT assay. The clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effects of ZnO-NP alone and in combination with irradiation on FB and FaDu. A formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-modified single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay was applied to detect oxidative DNA damage in FB as a function of ZnO-NP and irradiation exposure. A significantly increased cytotoxicity after FaDu exposure to ZnO-NP20 nm or ZnO-NP100 nm was observed in a concentration of 10 µg/mL or 1 µg/mL respectively in 30 µg/mL of ZnO-NP20 nm or 20 µg/mL of ZnO-NP100 nm in FB. The addition of 1, 5, or 10 µg/mL ZnO-NP20 nm or ZnO-NP100 nm significantly reduced the clonogenic survival of FaDu after irradiation. The sub-cytotoxic dosage of ZnO-NP100 nm increased the oxidative DNA damage compared to the irradiated control. This effect was not significant for ZnO-NP20 nm. ZnO-NP showed radiosensitizing properties in the sub-cytotoxic dosage. At least for the ZnO-NP100 nm, an increased level of oxidative stress is a possible mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect.

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Cyclopropenium Nanoparticles and Gene Transfection in Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12080768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 768

Author(s):

Noam Y. Steinman ◽

Luis M. Campos ◽

Yakai Feng ◽

Abraham J. Domb ◽

Hossein Hosseinkhani

Keyword(s):

Viral Vectors ◽

Gene Transfection ◽

Medical Science ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Ethylene Imine ◽

Efficient Gene ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

First Time

Non-viral vectors for the transfection of genetic material are at the frontier of medical science. In this article, we introduce for the first time, cyclopropenium-containing nanoparticles as a cationic carrier for gene transfection, as an alternative to the common quaternary ammonium transfection agents. Cyclopropenium-based cationic nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinking poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) with tetrachlorocyclopropene. These nanoparticles were electrostatically complexed with plasmid DNA into nanoparticles (~50 nm). Their cellular uptake into F929 mouse fibroblast cells, and their eventual expression in vitro have been described. Transfection is enhanced relative to PEI with minimal toxicity. These cyclopropenium nanoparticles possess efficient gene transfection capabilities with minimal cytotoxicity, which makes them novel and promising candidates for gene therapy.

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Age-related accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and alterations in levels of p16INK4a/CDKN2a, p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 and p27KIP1 in human CD4+ T cell clones in vitro

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development ◽

10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00254-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 122 (11) ◽

pp. 1151-1167 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Paul Hyland ◽

Christopher Barnett ◽

Graham Pawelec ◽

Yvonne Barnett

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

T Cell ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

T Cell Clones ◽

Age Related ◽

Cell Clones

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N-Acetyl Cysteine as a Novel Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Component: Protection against Cell Apoptosis and Genotoxicity

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/1301736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Jian-feng Xiao ◽

He-feng Yang ◽

Yang Jiao ◽

Wei-wei Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Redox Regulation ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽

Acetyl Cysteine ◽

Pmma Resin

The present study investigated the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of N-acetyl cysteine- (NAC-) containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. An in vitro Transwell insert model was used to mimic the clinical provisional restorations placed on vital teeth. Various parameters associated with cell apoptosis and genotoxicity were investigated to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The exposure of human dental pulp cell (hDPC) cultures to the PMMA resin (Unifast Trad™) resulted in a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level beginning at 1 h, which was followed by time-dependent cell detachment and overt death. The formation of γ-H2AX and cell cycle G1 phase arrest indicated that oxidative DNA damage occurred as a result of the interactions between DNA bases and ROS, beyond the capacities of cellular redox regulation. Such oxidative DNA damage triggers the activation of p53 via the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway and the induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage induced by the PMMA resin were recovered to almost the level of untreated controls by the incorporation of NAC. The results indicate that the PMMA resin induced the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis as a consequence of p53 activation via the ATM pathway in response to oxidative DNA damage. More importantly, the incorporation of NAC as a novel component into the Unifast Trad™ PMMA resin offers protective effects against cell apoptosis and genotoxicity. This procedure represents a beneficial strategy for developing more biocompatible PMMA-based resin materials.

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