Biotechnology: A Solution for Improving Nutrient Bioavailability

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. King
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants ◽  
Selection For

Biotechnology strategies are now available to improve the amount and availability of nutrients in plant crops. Those strategies include simple plant selection for varieties with high nutrient density in the seeds, cross-breeding for incorporating a desired trait within a plant, and genetic engineering to manipulate the nutrient content of the plant. In plant cross-breeding, all genes of the parent plants are combined and the progeny have both desirable and undesirable traits. To eliminate undesirable traits, plant breeders «back-cross» the new plant varieties with other plants over several generations. This technique, called hybridization, has been used to create varieties of low-phytate corn, barley, and rice. Using the techniques of genetic engineering, the gene(s) encoding for a desired trait(s) in a plant are introduced in a precise and controlled manner within a relatively short period of time. Golden rice, containing carotenoids, and rice with higher amounts of iron, are two examples of genetically engineered plants for improved nutrition. Genetic engineering has tremendous potential for revolutionizing nutrition. However, public concerns regarding safety, appearance, and ethics must be overcome before these products can be effectively introduced into the food supply.

Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 659-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mackelprang ◽  
Peggy G. Lemaux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Science ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants ◽  
Or Genes

Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables a gene or genes to be inserted into a plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common genetically engineered traits are herbicide and insect resistance. Questions and concerns have been raised about the effects of these traits on the environment and human health, many of which are addressed in a pair of 2008 and 2009 Annual Review of Plant Biology articles. As new science is published and new techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis of some of these issues, and a look at emerging issues, is warranted. Herein, an analysis of relevant scientific literature is used to present a scientific perspective on selected topics related to genetic engineering and genome editing.

scholarly journals The Role of IPR in Plant Genetic Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Abhishek Rajesh Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shreya Das ◽  
Stuti Aastha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Plant Genetic Engineering ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants

The role and status of Patent laws in the protection of plant species which have been genetically modified is currently uncertain in India. Discussions and debates regarding the same are rife and experts have different views regarding the whole aspect concerning economical and ethical considerations. Genetically engineered plants and modified crop plants are of significant economic value. In India, they face critical challenges, for instance, the requirement of dependable public policies and vigorous frameworks for regulatory control. This becomes much more vital since India desires to be an economic superpower primarily based on innovation. It is very important for a person from the legal field, especially those interested in the field of IPR, to have clarity regarding the protection of genetically modified plants. This humble attempt at a research paper seeks to clarify the same and discusses the various aspects on which one should think while concluding their views on the topic.

Estimation of the productivity and nutritionality of forage mass of new varieties of Medicago lupulina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Vorsheva ◽  
◽  
G.V. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
New Varieties

Medicago has a high nutrient content, and the aerial part of Medicago lupulina contains saponins, tannins, estrogenic substances and calcium salts. The leaves of this plant contain carotene, vitamin D and ascorbic acid. Medicago lupulina can develop a significant green mass, has low pubescence, thin stems and provides a delicate forage. The article presents the results of assessing the productivity and feeding qualities of new varieties ofMedicago lupulina

Immunoenhancement of Recombinant Neisseria meningitides PorB Protein on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Genetically Engineered Vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-784
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Yu Tao ◽  
Gaojian Li ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jianhong Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Short Period

Background:Porcine circovirus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae can cause respiratory diseases in pigs, which cause serious economic loss in the worldwide pig industry. Currently, these infections are mainly prevented and controlled by vaccination. The new vaccines on the market are mainly composed of subunits and inactivated vaccines but usually have lower antigenicity than traditional live vaccines. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop new adjuvants that can cause rapid and long-lasting immunity to enhance the antigenic efficacy for vaccines. Studies have shown that meningococcal porin PorB can act as a ligand to combine with Toll-like receptors to activate the production of immunological projections and act as a vaccine immunological adjuvant.Objective:In this article, we expressed and purified the recombinant PorB protein and verified its immunogenicity against porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetically engineered vaccine.Methods:In this article, we used prokaryotic expression to express and purify recombinant PorB protein, four different concentrations of PorB protein, Freund's adjuvant with two genetically engineered vaccines were combined with subcutaneous immunization of mice.Results:Our study shows that the appropriate dose of the recombinant protein PorB can enhance the levels of humoral and cellular responses induced by two genetically engineered vaccines in a short period of time in mice. The PorB adjuvant group may cause statistically higher antibody titers for both genetically engineered vaccines compared to Freund's commercial adjuvant (P<0.001).Conclusion:The recombinant protein PorB may be a good candidate adjuvant for improving the protective effect of vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and the protein can be used for future practical applications.

The nutritional consequences of foraging in primates: the relationship of nutrient intakes to nutrient requirements

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1270) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Many studies have examined the proportion of time that primates devote to feeding on various types of food, but relatively little is known about the intake rates associated with each food. However, the nutritional consequences of foraging can only be interpreted by comparing nutrient intakes with estimated nutrient requirements. The energy available to primates from ingested foods will depend both on the composition of the food and the extent to which various constituents, including fibre fractions, are digested. Both human and non-human primates have relatively low requirements for protein as a consequence of slow growth rates, small milk yields and relatively dilute milk. Because the nutrient demands of growth and reproduction are spread out over time, it appears that primates do not need to seek out foods of particularly high nutrient density, except perhaps during weaning. Although food selection in some species of primates appears to be correlated with the protein concentration of foods, it is unlikely that high dietary protein levels are required, at least when foods of balanced amino acid composition (such as leaves) are included in the diet.

scholarly journals Transient Host Range Selection for Genetic Engineering of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara

BioTechniques ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Staib ◽  
I. Drexler ◽  
M. Ohlmann ◽  
S. Wintersperger ◽  
V. Erfle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Range Selection

Phytodetoxification of hazardous organomercurials by genetically engineered plants

10.1038/72678 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Bizily ◽  
Clayton L. Rugh ◽  
Richard B. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants

scholarly journals Risk assessment of genetically engineered plants that can persist and propagate in the environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer-Panskus ◽  
Juliana Miyazaki ◽  
Katharina Kawall ◽  
Christoph Then
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Genetically Engineered Plants

Nutritional composition of different cape gooseberry genotypes (Physalis peruviana L.) – a comparative study

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
N.T. Petkova ◽  
V.T. Popova ◽  
T.A. Ivanova ◽  
N.N. Mazova ◽  
N.D. Panayotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
South American ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit. Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose. CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between 4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%). The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P (3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes; there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported Colombian fruit.

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