Gender Differences in Vocational Interests and Their Stability Across Different Assessment Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
René T. Proyer ◽  
Joachim Häusler
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Holland's Theory ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Better Than

In studies on gender differences with respect to Holland’s (1997) vocational interests, men often score higher on Realistic (and sometimes also on Investigative and Enterprising) interests, and women score higher on Social and Artistic interests. In research and practice, vocational interests are almost exclusively assessed by means of questionnaires. The aim of this study was to examine whether these results are also stable across assessment methods. Thus, a questionnaire and a nonverbal interest inventory were administered to a sample of N = 448 participants. Results were in the expected direction for both inventories, men scoring higher on Realistic interests and women scoring higher on Artistic and Social interests. However, the structure of interests varied between men and women: The structural assumptions of Holland’s theory fit the data for men better than the data for women. Thus, mean-level gender differences should be interpreted conservatively.

scholarly journals Gendered Perspective on Road Crossing Behaviours: A Study of University of Cape Coast Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Yvonne D. A Adjakloe ◽  
Ebenezer N. K. Boateng ◽  
Frances Agyapong ◽  
Sampson Aboagye Osei ◽  
Clifford Koranteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Road Crossing ◽  
Better Than

Globally, studies have provided significant facts about pedestrian demographic characteristics influencing road crossing behaviour of pedestrians. However, there seems to be an unconcluded argument about the influence of demographic characteristics on road crossing behaviour. This study aimed at examine the gender differences in road crossing behaviour of UCC students on campus. The study was done by mapping out the road conditions of pedestrian crossing sites, identifing the perceived gender prone to indulge in bad road crossing behaviour and examine the gendered perception towards drivers’ attitude on road crossing behaviour on campus. An observation checklist was used to observe the road crossing behaviour of both men and women while one Focused Group Discusions was conducted each for men and women groups on UCC campus. Results indicated that men were more prone to road crossing accidents than women. Further analysis showed differing drivers attitudes towards pedestrians and road crossing behaviours by men and women on campus. It was found that women were relatively treated better than men. It is recommended that all road users must be educated to be sensitive to all road users to reduce gender biass attitude and behaviours while using the road.

Gender-Related Differential Item Functioning in Vocational Interest Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Benedikt Hell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Test Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Differential Test

Large mean differences are consistently found in the vocational interests of men and women. These differences may be attributable to real differences in the underlying traits. However, they may also depend on the properties of the instrument being used. It is conceivable that, in addition to the intended dimension, items assess a second dimension that differentially influences responses by men and women. This question is addressed in the present study by analyzing a widely used German interest inventory (Allgemeiner Interessen-Struktur-Test, AIST-R) regarding differential item functioning (DIF) using a DIF estimate in the framework of item response theory. Furthermore, the impact of DIF at the scale level is investigated using differential test functioning (DTF) analyses. Several items on the AIST-R’s scales showed significant DIF, especially on the Realistic, Social, and Enterprising scales. Removal of DIF items reduced gender differences on the Realistic scale, though gender differences on the Investigative, Artistic, and Social scales remained practically unchanged. Thus, responses to some AIST-R items appear to be influenced by a secondary dimension apart from the interest domain the items were intended to measure.

scholarly journals Cash, non-cash, or mix? Gender matters! The impact of monetary, non-monetary, and mixed incentives on performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1284
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Sittenthaler ◽  
Alwine Mohnen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Performance Pressure ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Standard economic theory asserts that cash incentives are always better than non-cash ones, or at least not worse. This study employs a real effort experiment to analyze the impact of monetary, non-monetary, and a combination of monetary and non-monetary incentives on performance, where non-monetary incentives are defined as tangible incentives with market value. Our overall results suggest that there exists no significant difference in performance in response to monetary, non-monetary, and mixed incentives. However, gender-based differentiation reveals a different picture: the performances of men and women depend upon the type of incentive used. Whereas men’s performance is significantly higher in response to monetary incentives compared to non-monetary ones, women’s performance is significantly higher in response to non-monetary incentives. The gender differences in the effectiveness of monetary and non-monetary incentives do not seem to be triggered by the perceived attractiveness of the non-monetary incentives but rather by the differences between men and women in the feelings of appreciation and perceived performance pressure in a tournament setting. Therefore, our results indicate that gender differences must be considered when implementing incentives.

The Structure of Vocational Interests in Iceland: Examining Holland's and Gati's RIASEC Models

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sif Einarsdóttir ◽  
James Rounds ◽  
Stefanía Ægisdóttir ◽  
L.H. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Career Counseling ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Strong Interest Inventory ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Holland's Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Counseling Clients

Summary: The applicability of Holland's and Gati's RIASEC models and translated measures was tested in Iceland. The participants were 449 career counseling clients who responded to the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and 438 university students who responded to the Self-Directed Search (SDS). The randomization test ( Hubert & Arabie, 1987 ) was used to test Holland's and Gati's RIASEC models separately for men and women. Multidimensional scaling was applied to the RIASEC matrices to evaluate the structure of vocational interests in Iceland. The results indicate that Holland's and Gati's models both fit well in Icelandic and US samples. Compared to the SDS, the SII showed greater structural fidelity. Implications for continuing use of Holland's theory and interest measures in Iceland and the importance of the cross-cultural study of vocational interests are discussed.

Success and Failure, Gender Differences, and the Menstrual Cycle

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 702-710
Author(s):  
Rebecca Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Better Than

Eighty-one women and 26 men were led to succeed or fail at a task. No differences in actual performance were found between men and women or among women in different menstrual phases. Although they had participated alone, women felt worse, less competent, and less “up” than men after both success and failure. After success women also felt less satisfied, felt they had made lower scores, expected to perform worse, and rewarded themselves less than men. After success, women who were menstruating at the time of the experiment reported feeling better than women in other menstrual phases on most measures. A possible explanation was that menstruating women may have expected to perform poorly.

Vocational Interests of Substance Abusers

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Hardin A. Collins ◽  
Arthur E. Smith ◽  
W. Glenn White
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Vocational Interest ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Holland's Theory ◽  
Heroin Abusers ◽  
Occupational Preference ◽  
Made In

The vocational interests of male polydrug, alcohol, and heroin abusers were compared using the Minnesota Vocational Interest Inventory. Findings indicated that the form of substance abuse is not related to occupational preference. When compared with tradesmen-in-general, substance abusers are more interested in verbal, aesthetic, people-oriented, and feminine kinds of activities. Interpretations are made in the context of John Holland's theory of personal orientations and occupational environments.

Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin Rosenblüt
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Race Difference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Method Of Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

Analysis of Student Critical and Creative Thinking (CCT) Skills on Chemistry: A Study of Gender Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Ryzal Perdana ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Essay Question ◽  
Chemical Material ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Critical And Creative Thinking

Abstract Critical and creative thinking skills are an essential attribute for success in the 21st century. This study aimed to determine the students’ critical and creative thinking skills in the Islamic senior high schools of Surakarta City so that teachers can pay attention to the strength and weakness of each student based on gender differences. This study used descriptive qualitative analysis. The subject of this study amounted to 180 students consisting of 80 male and 100 female students. The measurement of critical-thinking skills used a 6-essay-question instrument of the chemical material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions that measures the aspects based on Facione theory, namely: analysis, inference, explanation, interpretation, evaluation, and self-regulation. Then, to measure creative-thinking skills, a 4-essay-question test instrument of the chemical material that includes 4 aspects according to Torrance, fluency, flexibility, original and elaboration, was used. The results showed that the creative-thinking skills of male students are better than those of female students and the critical-thinking skills of female students are better than those of male students.

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