scholarly journals Control Strategies and Daily Affect

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Nina Knoll ◽  
Jan Keller ◽  
Aleksandra Luszczynska ◽  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Christina Röcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Technical Aids ◽  
Daily Affect

Abstract. Adjusting strategies to manage daily goal pursuit with new functional limitations may impact not only the affect of patients, but also that of their partners. Associations between patients’ control strategies and both partners’ affect were examined at the onset of patients’ incontinence following prostatectomy. Eight-day diary data from 180 heterosexual couples were used to fit two-level models. In patients, investing personal resources to keep up goal pursuit despite incontinence (selective primary control) was associated with better affect, particularly when incontinence was pronounced. Yet, partners’ decreased negative affect coincided with patients’ asking for help and using technical aids (compensatory primary control) when the incontinence was severe. Patients and partners may benefit from different control strategies used by patients, especially when their functional limitations are pronounced.

Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Leonard Simms ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized link between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress Transmission in Same-sex and Different-sex Marriages

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Behler ◽  
Rachel Donnelly ◽  
Debra Umberson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Purposive Sample

Ample work stresses the interdependence of spouses’ psychological distress and that women are more influenced by their spouse’s distress than men. Yet previous studies have focused primarily on heterosexual couples, raising questions about whether and how this gendered pattern might unfold for men and women in same-sex marriages. We analyze 10 days of diary data from a purposive sample of men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages ( n = 756 individuals from 378 couples) to examine psychological distress transmission between spouses and how this process may differ for men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages. We find that women are more strongly influenced by their partners’ distress than men, regardless of whether they are married to a man or a woman, and that this relationship is particularly strong for women with male spouses.

scholarly journals Volunteers’ Felt Respect and Its Associations With Volunteering Retention, Daily Affect, Well-being, and Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight C K Tse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Daily Affect

Abstract Objectives Volunteering is associated with improved physical and psychological well-being; volunteers feeling more respect for their work may have better well-being than their counterparts. Methods This study investigated the effects of felt respect for volunteer work on volunteering retention, daily affect, well-being (subjective, psychological, and social), and mortality. The study analyzed survey and mortality data from a national sample of 2,677 volunteers from the Midlife in the United States Study over a 20-year span. Daily affect data were obtained from a subsample of 1,032 volunteers. Results Compared to volunteers feeling less respect from others, those feeling more respect (a) were more likely to continue volunteering 10 and 20 years later, (b) had higher levels of daily positive affect and lower levels of daily negative affect, and (c) had higher levels of well-being over a 20-year period. The effect of felt respect on mortality was not statistically significant. Discussion Greater level of felt respect for volunteer work is positively related to volunteers’ retention rates, daily affective experience, and well-being.

scholarly journals Rotor Position Synchronization in Central-Converter Multi-Motor Electric Actuation Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7485
Author(s):  
Cláudio de Andrade Lima ◽  
James Cale ◽  
Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Rotor Position ◽  
Electromagnetic Transient Simulation ◽  
Electrical Motors ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Actuation Systems

The aerospace industry is increasingly transitioning from hydraulic and pneumatic drives to power-electronic based drive systems for reduced weight and maintenance. Electromechanical thrust reverse actuation systems (EM-TRAS) are currently being considered as a replacement for mechanical based TRAS for future aircraft. An EM-TRAS consists of one or more power-electronic drives, electrical motors, and gear-trains that extend/retract mechanical members to produce a drag force that decelerates the aircraft upon landing. The use of a single (“central”) power electronic converter to simultaneously control a set of parallel induction machines is a potentially inexpensive and robust method for implementing EM-TRAS. However, because the electrical motors may experience different shaft torques—arising from differences in wind forces and a flexible nacelle—a method to implement rotor position synchronization in central-converter multi-motor (CCMM) architectures is needed. This paper introduces a novel method for achieving position synchronization within CCMM architecture by using closed-loop feedback of variable stator resistances in parallel induction machines. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated in several case studies using electromagnetic transient simulation on a set of parallel induction machines experiencing different load torque conditions, with the central converter implementing both voltage-based and current-based primary control strategies. The key result of the paper is that the CCMM architecture with proposed feedback control strategy is shown in these case studies to dynamically drive the position synchronization error to zero. The initial findings indicate that the CCMM architecture with induction motors may be a viable option for implementing EM-TRAS in future aircraft.

scholarly journals Robustness Comparison of Synthetic Inertia Strategies for Doubly Fed Induction Generators under Different Operating Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Andrade Souza ◽  
Renan R. dos Santos ◽  
Manoelito C. N. Filho ◽  
Daniel Barbosa ◽  
Luciano Sales Barros
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Frequency Behavior

Due to the increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as wind energy in electrical grids, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) participation in primary control is becoming required including the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based WECS. High integration of large scale DFIG-based WECS brings new challenges to their primary control support, and more strongly due to the wind condition and grid parameter uncertainties. One of the most used types of control strategy for DFIG-based WECS primary support is the synthetic inertia, however, robustness of these techniques have not been tested. In this work three synthetic inertia control strategies will be tested under different operating conditions of wind speed, frequency and voltage sag. For testing the DFIG-based WECS, it was modeled on ATP including its control systems and the results quantified the controllers robustness on the tested controllers with respect to transient frequency behavior.

Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Leonard J. Simms ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the authors examined within− and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized links between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.

Does Aging and Disease Increase the Importance of Cognitive Strategies? Social and Temporal Comparisons in Healthy Younger and Older Adults and in Younger and Older Cancer Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
Mimi Mehlsen ◽  
Mai Bjørnskov Mikkelsen ◽  
Christina Maar Andersen ◽  
Chaitali Ollars
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Older Cancer Patients ◽  
The Individual

Social and temporal comparisons may help the individual anchor his or her self-image in a social and temporal context. In the Life-Span Theory of Control, comparisons are included in the repertoire of secondary control strategies individuals may apply when primary control strategies are obstructed, for example, by age-related losses or physical decline. The aim of this study was to explore differences in prevalence and effects of social and temporal comparisons in younger and older adults and healthy and diseased individuals ( n = 34). Semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results revealed that older adults engaged in more comparisons than younger adults and that the outcomes of comparisons were more positive for older adults, particularly older cancer patients. The results indicate that comparisons may be applied more often by older and diseased individuals in the service of maintaining well-being.

The Retrospective Independence of Positive and Negative Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-488
Author(s):  
Yoav Ganzach ◽  
Einat Yaor ◽  
Talya Miron Shatz ◽  
Ben Bulmash ◽  
Doron Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
The Relationship

We examine independence in retrospective evaluations of positive and negative affect (PA and NA, respectively). Study 1 shows that the estimation of weekly PA and NA frequencies depends on the congruent daily affects but not on the incongruent daily affects (i.e., weekly PA [NA] depends on the daily PAs [NAs], but not on the daily NAs [PAs]). Study 2 replicates and extends the results of Study 1 by using a within- and between-subjects design as well as both frequency and intensity measures of affect, and by also examining the relationship between momentary and daily affect. Study 3 shows that daily PA and NA are affected by the existence of subjectively defined congruent peak affect and less by subjectively defined incongruent peak affect. We suggest a focusing bias account, according to which asking about positive [negative] affect focuses attention on positive [negative] experiences.

scholarly journals Pileup of Insufficient Sleep and Day-to-Day Trajectories of Affective and Physical Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract This study examined whether and how pileup of insufficient sleep is associated with day-to-day trajectories of affective and physical well-being. Participants from the Midlife in the United States Study (N=1,795) provided diary data for eight days. Pileup of insufficient sleep was operationalized as the number of consecutive nights with <6 hours of sleep. Multilevel models evaluated the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of pileup of insufficient sleep on daily well-being, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Daily negative affect increased and positive affect decreased in curvilinear fashion as the pileup of insufficient sleep increased. For example, daily negative affect increased, but the rate of increase decelerated as the pileup of insufficient sleep increased. In the days most distal to baseline, the rate of increase in negative affect accelerated again. Results were consistent for physical symptoms. Findings suggest that making efforts to break the vicious cycle of insufficient sleep may protect daily well-being.

scholarly journals AGE MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENGAGEMENT IN MINDFULNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG CANCER SURVIVORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S642-S642
Author(s):  
Anao Zhang ◽  
Rita X Hu ◽  
Lydia Li ◽  
Kaipeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Motivational Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
Geriatric Cancer

Abstract Geriatric cancer survivors constitute up to 65% of the U.S. survivorship population, and their psychosocial wellbeing are increasingly recognized. Facing high risk of psychological distress, many cancer survivors engage in mindfulness to reduce psychological distress. However, the acceptance of mindfulness across age groups was rarely examined. Based on the Motivational Theory of Life Span Development, mindfulness practice actives survivors’ secondary control strategies to better cope with the loss of primary control caused by cancer. In other words, older survivors may respond differently than their young counterparts when facing psychological distress. Therefore, it is important to examine to what extent engagement in mindfulness is different across age groups. Using the cross-sectional 2017 National Health Interview Survey (N=3,068), this study evaluated the association between engagement in mindfulness and psychological distress among cancer survivors and examined whether age moderates such relationship. Age significantly moderated the association between psychological distress and engagement in mindfulness, OR=0.97, p<0.05. The correlation coefficient between engagement in mindfulness and psychological distress were significantly greater among younger cancer survivors (<65 years old) than their older counter parts (65+), z=2.24, p<0.05. Consistent with previous literature and the Motivational Theory, this study found age moderates the relationship between psychological distress and mindfulness engagement, and this relationship was much stronger among younger cancer survivors comparing to their older counter parts. Therefore, geriatric cancer survivors’ unique psychosocial challenges should be addressed in ways that are appropriate to their developmental characteristics.

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