Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle, and perceived susceptibility to kidney diseases by gender among Nigerians residents in South Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 860-870
Author(s):  
Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe ◽  
Clifford Odimegwu ◽  
Femi Omololu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Kidney disease (KD) is increasingly recognized as a major public health problem worldwide with rising inci- dence and prevalence. Early identification of KD risk factors will slow down progression to kidney failure and death. Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility among Nigerians in South-west- ern Nigeria. Methods: A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to draw information on socio-demographic, knowledge, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility to conventional risk factors of KD from 1757 residents aged ≥15 years. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.61±13.0 years with a male-female ratio of 1.13:1. Knowledge of KD was low (mean score 2.29; 95% CI: 2.18, 2.32). The prevalence of some established KD risk factors was regular use of herbal medications, 26.8% and physical inactivity, 70.0%. Females with factors such as use of herbal drink [RRR: 1.56; CI=1.06- 2.30; p=0.02] and smoking [RRR: 2.72; CI=1.37-5.37; p=0.00] predicted increased odds of perceived susceptibility to KD than their male counterparts. Conclusion: The prevalence of KD risk-inducing lifestyles was high. More emphasis should be placed on effective public health programmes towards behavioural change in order to adopt lifestyle modification as well as to reduce the tendency to develop KD. Keywords: Kidney disease; risk-inducing lifestyles; perceived susceptibility.

Incidence of Suicide Attempts in Madrid: Characteristics of the Attempts and Response of the Health System

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Miret ◽  
C. Morant ◽  
R. Nuevo ◽  
M. Jiménez ◽  
M. Reneses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Units

Background:Suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2005, 793 people were hospitalized in Madrid due to suicide attempt. However, most of the attempts do not require hospitalization and patients are discharged after the intervention in the emergency units. With the aim to implement local policies to prevent suicide, it is important to know the whole spectrum of suicide attempts that contact emergency units in Madrid.Aims:To explore the incidence of suicide attempts assisted in the public health system in Madrid and to analyze their characteristics and the response of the health system.Method:Clinical reports of all patients attempting suicide were analyzed during 4 months in 4 general public hospitals (covering 44.7% of the whole population) in the Community of Madrid.Results:1009 suicide attempts committed by 921 people (66.2% women) were collected, with an incidence of 34.3 people per 100.000 in 4 months. 57 people (6.2%) committed more than one attempt (range 2 to 10, mean=2.5 ± 1.3). After the emergency intervention 71.9% of the patients were discharged, 25.3% hospitalized, 2.6% fled, and 0.2% died. Regarding suicidal ideation, 7.5% presented very high levels during evaluation, while 13.1% had high levels, 20.3% moderate and 47.3% had no suicidal ideation.Conclusion:Compared with other European countries, our findings show moderate incidence of suicide attempts, most of which were mild, treated in the emergency units and derived to outpatient psychiatric follow-up. These results suggest places to develop and implement prevention measures.Funded by Instituto de Salud Pública de Madrid.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Profile and Pattern of Substance Abuse among Patients Presenting to a Deaddiction Centre in a Teaching Hospital of Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Deepali Gul ◽  
Nidhi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The substances abuse has become one of the major public health problems of present society. Illicit drug use in India is quite serious, with a population of over 1 billion people, millions of victims of different kinds of drug abuse are estimated.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The study aimed to know the socio-demographic profile and pattern of substance abuse among patients presenting to a deaddiction centre in a teaching hospital of Punjab.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted from April 15, 2016 to June 15, 2016. Three hundred consecutive treatment seeking subjects, fulfilling American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - IV-TR criteria for substance-dependence were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Opioids were abused by 179 (59.67%) and alcohol by 87 (29%) of the patients. The age of initiation was below 27 years in 81.67% of the patients. As regards the reason behind initiation, improved sexual performance (25.33%) and peer pressure (25%) were two most important reasons cited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Opioids were the most frequently abused substances followed by alcohol and has become one of the major public health problem of the society.</p>

scholarly journals Suicide kills more peoples than any form of violence

Mediscope ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A Sadek ◽  
AMA Anam ◽  
MSA Rashid ◽  
EB Akber ◽  
NT Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Teenage Suicide ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

“Suicide is a tragic global public health problem. Globally, WHO said the death toll from suicide – at almost one million people per year – accounts for half of all violent deaths. Estimates suggest fatalities could rise to 1.5 million by 2020. Recently it’s been a great concern to examine suicide trends among teenage people. They are emotional and can’t tolerate difficult situation. They think it is a permanent problem so suicide is the only solution. Last year (2017) large number of SSC candidate students committed suicide in different districts due to not getting expected result. So this is the time to create awareness among society and also family support to child, otherwise no one can predict it. One day these victims will be their family members. Our review articles focuses on causes, risk factors and prevention of teenage suicide in country. Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 2: Jul 2019, Page 87-92

scholarly journals Deliberate self-poisoning with drugs among adolescents in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sara Boukhorb ◽  
Fatine Hadrya ◽  
Latifa Amiar ◽  
Soumaia Hmimou ◽  
Abdelmajid Soulaymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Suicide is a serious public health problem and one of the leading causes of adolescent death in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological profile of suicidal poisoning with drugs among adolescents in Morocco. Methods: This is a retrospective study of deliberate self-poisoning cases, reported to the Moroccan Poison Control Center between 1980 and 2014. Results: A total of 3,856 cases of suicidal poisoning among adolescents 15 to 19 years old were recorded, with 13 cases of successful suicide and 41 repeated suicide attempts. The average age of the patients was 15.5 years. According to the results, 84.7% were female with a female-male ratio of 5.5. The majority of cases occurred at home (97.8%). The signs and symptoms presented by the patients were varied, depending on the amount of drug ingested and the delay before treatment. Conclusion: Suicide and suicide attempts in children and adolescents continue to be a major public health problem, and topical research and surveys have clearly highlighted suicide as one of the commonest causes of death among young people.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Mari Alneami ◽  
Christopher L. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Saudi Population

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. </p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.</p>

scholarly journals Risk factors of suicide attempts by poisoning: review

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cláudia da Cruz Pires ◽  
Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva ◽  
Marcela Pires dos Passos ◽  
Everton Botelho Sougey ◽  
Othon Coelho Bastos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Suicide Attempted ◽  
Keywords Suicide

Introduction: Suicide, a complex and universal human phenomenon, is a major public health problem. This study reviewed the literature about the major risk factors associated with suicide attempts by poisoning. Methods: An integrative review of the literature was performed in databases (LILACS, PubMed and MEDLINE) to search for studies published between 2003 and 2013, using the following keywords: suicide, attempted; poisoning; risk factors. Inclusion criteria were: original study with abstract, sample of adults, and attempted suicide by poisoning in at least 50% of the study population. Results: Two hundred and nineteen studies were retrieved and read by two independent examiners, and 22 were included in the study. The main risk factors for suicide attempts by poisoning were female sex, age 15-40 years, single status, little education, unemployment, drug or alcohol abuse or addiction, psychiatric disorder and psychiatric treatment using antidepressants. Conclusion: Further prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these risk factors or identify others, and their findings should contribute to planning measures to prevent suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among People Aged 50 years and more in Banepa Municipality, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar Manandhar ◽  
R Koju ◽  
NP Sinha ◽  
S Humagain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder rapidly emerging as a major public health problem in developing countries and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Objective  The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors with hypertension among people aged 50 years and more in Banepa Municipality, Kavre, Nepal. Methods It is a cross- sectional, population based study which was carried out in Banepa Municipality from May 15 to June 15, 2009. Among total 11 wards of Banepa municipally, wards number 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 10 were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Technique and 405 subjects of people aged 50 years and more were selected for study from the selected wards by using Cluster Sampling. The structured interview method was used for collection of data. Mercury sphygmomanometers with standard cuff were used to measure the indirect auscultatory arterial blood pressure. Two consecutive blood pressure readings were taken and average of them was calculated to determine single value of blood pressure. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 44.9 percent (47.75% in male and 42.73% in females). Among them, only 32.9 percent (60/182) were previously diagnosed as hypertension. The higher proportion of hypertensive cases were in age > 65 years (55.49%) than in the age group < 65 years (36.32%). The prevalence of hypertension was seen positively associated with non vegetarian eating habits, alcohol consumption, and > 25 Body max index. Taking green leafy vegetable at least once a week was negatively associated with the prevalence of the hypertension. Conclusion  These findings provide important information on the prevalence, associated factors of hypertension in Banepa Municipality. Effective public health measures and strategies are needed to improve prevention, diagnosis and access to treatment of these 50 years and above population. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 35-38 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8015

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