Contestation of Perspectives Toward Suicide in The Film Monsieur Lazhar (2011) by Philippe Falardeau

Suicide is one of the causes of death that occurs in a global scope but always causes divisive perspectives in various circles of society. For most people, suicide is a taboo topic, but not for other groups. The film Monsieur Lazhar (2011) is a film that shows the different perspectives between different age groups, namely the adult age group and the young age group, on a suicide that occurred at an elementary school in Montreal, Canada. This study aims at determining the different perspectives of the two different parties on suicide and the reasons for these differences in views. Pierre Bourdieu’s Champ de Force theory is the lens used in this research. The difference in perspective is influenced by the disposition system which Bourdieu calls the habitus. Habitus operates in a realm (champ). In the film, the domain in question is school. Meanwhile, Durkheim’s theory of suicide was chosen to determine the relationship of social problems to suicide. The method used in this research is content analysis. The data used are the chronological text of the scenes and the transcript of the conversations from the film. From the research, it was found that the school, which is the adult age group, has a counter and stigmatic view of suicide, reinforced by perceptions of psychological problems and social taboos. Meanwhile, students, who are in the young age group, tend to view suicide as a problem related to personal aspects and personal experiences so that they do not have a judgmental attitude like the school. Keywords : Suicide, Contestation, Realm, Perspective, Habitus

Suicide Prevention: Literature Review

ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Suicide is an intentional act to end life. Pharmacological, psychological, health education, family support and the media are proposed as effective measures to treat depression and suicide. However, these guidelines do not have sufficient evidence to prevent suicide so this is a challenge for the world of health, especially nursing. The aim of this review is to report the results of studies that focus on interventions undertaken for suicide prevention. The search method for relevant articles uses the database PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords suicide prevention, suicide intervention, and suicide therapy. Nine articles were included in the literature review, covering various types of suicide intervention, frequency of intervention, and effects of intervention. This literature review identifies eight types of interventions that can be done to prevent suicide, namely ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP. The conclusion is that ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP interventions can be done to prevent suicide, by increasing knowledge, education, skills regarding suicide and awareness related to suicide and family participation are the main points of interventions that must be carried out to prevent suicide . Keywords: Prevention of suicide, suicide intervention, suicide therapy

Characthrization of suicide attempt in patients at Pedro Diaz Coello Polyclinic, in Holguin, 2015-2019 (Preprint)

BACKGROUND suicide represents a problem for public health, due to its high prevalence at the present time and the lack of implementation of adequate preventive strategies in a large number of countries. OBJECTIVE Objective: to characterize patients with a suicide attempt in the health area of ​​the Pedro Díaz Coello Polyclinic in Holguín in the period 2015-2019. METHODS Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out, with a population of 138 patients, where they were fully studied. RESULTS a predominance of patients between 10 and 20 years of age (52.2%) was found, in the female sex (60%), 57 (41.3%) had basic secondary education. Singles were the most prevalent 80 (58%). The method of ingestion of tablets was the most used with 92 patients (66.6%), of them the female sex was the one with the greatest quantity, however, in the male sex the preferred method was hanging. As a risk factor, depression was the most prevalent, with 40 (29%) patients. CONCLUSIONS adolescent females, mainly with a basic secondary education level, were prone to intense suicide. The ingestion of tablets was the main method used, with a predominance of females; where depression was the main risk factor. CLINICALTRIAL Keywords: suicide, risk factors, primary health care

Hardiness in aspects of suicidal prevention (Literature review)

The review is devoted to the hardiness of the individual as a factor of specifi c protection, potentially capable of reducing the risk of developing suicidal behavior. The development of the concept of “hardiness” and the features of its application in the subject field of suicidology are considered. ”Hardiness” is understood as a key personality variable that mediates the influence of stressful factors (including chronic ones) on somatic and mental health, as well as on the success of an activity. It is hardiness that allows a person to endure the fatal anxiety that accompanies the choice of the future (uncertainty), and not the past (immutability) in a situation of existential dilemma. The source base of the study was 38 publications. High agreement was noted between the authors that hardiness is an important protective factor for the emergence of suicidal ideations, performs a buffer (antisuicidal) role in a situation of distress, and is part of the normative functions of the human adaptation system. The significance of the contribution of certain parameters of hardiness to the protection of anti-vital and suicidal behavior can vary individually and socioculturally. The linear nature of the influence of the components of the phenomenon of hardiness on the likelihood of anti-vital and suicidal behavior seems relative. Significant for the development of suicide prevention measures are evidence that suicidal risk is associated with a weakening of reserves of hardiness, and a decrease in this risk is possible by strengthening the potential of hardiness through targeted psychosocial interventions. The potential variability of the parameter “hardiness” allows us to consider it as an important target for the prevention of suicide. Keywords: suicide, suicidal behavior, hardiness, suicide prevention

İNTİHARIN QARŞISININ ALINMA YOLLARI

Keywords: suicide, myths and facts about suicide, suicide prevention

Conducta suicida en Colombia: Una revisión sistemática

Suicide behavior in Colombia: A systematic review. The objective of the review was to synthesize the findings about suicide in Colombia between 2004 and 2018. Eighty-eight studies were included in the review. It is noted that most studies focus on risk factors such as depression, psychoactive substance use and family dysfunction; and only few are interested in protective factors, among which family functionality and high self-esteem are prominent; moreover, the statistical models used are mostly descriptive and studies are not based on theoretical models on suicide. Finally, some lines of research are proposed, such as deepening the theoretical models and statistical analyses used, realizing longitudinal studies and proposing intervention strategies that guide future scientific exercises in the area. Keywords: Suicide; suicidal ideation; suicidal intention; Colombia; systematic review. Resumen: El objetivo de la revisión fue sintetizar los hallazgos acerca del suicidio en Colombia entre los años 2004 a 2018. Se incluyeron 88 trabajos en esta revisión. Se destaca que la mayoría de estudios se centran en factores de riesgo como depresión, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y disfunción familiar; y solo algunos se interesan en factores protectores, entre los que se destacan la funcionalidad familiar y la alta autoestima; además, se encontró que los modelos estadísticos empleados son en su mayoría de tipo descriptivo y los estudios no están basados en modelos teóricos sobre el suicidio. Finalmente, se proponen algunas líneas de trabajo como la profundización de modelos teóricos y análisis estadísticos empleados, la realización de estudios longitudinales y proponer estrategias de intervención, que orienten futuros ejercicios científicos en el área.Palabras clave: Suicidio; ideación suicida; intención suicida; Colombia; revisión sistemática.

Conductas suicidas en la adolescencia: Una guía práctica para la intervención y la prevención

Suicidal behavior in adolescence: A practical guide for intervention and prevention. In Spain, suicide rates have increased over the last ten years. The increase has been particularly significant among adolescents. This paper realizes a conceptual update of suicidal behavior, following WHO criteria. A review is carried out of the risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescence, both biological, psychological and social, differentiating between concurrent causes, precipitating causes and underlying psychopathological process. In particular, a review of the concept of suicidal ideation in adolescence is carried out, as an entry key to develop early intervention and preventive intervention activities. Finally, a protocol is created for intervention and prevention from social, media, school, family and health systems, including intervention by hospital emergency services. Keywords: Suicide; adolescence; suicidal ideation; early intervention; prevention.Resumen: En España las tasas de suicidio han tenido un incremento durante los últimos diez años. Ese incremento ha sido particularmente significativo en la etapa de la adolescencia. En el presente trabajo se realiza una actualización conceptual de las conductas suicidas, siguiendo los criterios de OMS. Se realiza una revisión de los factores de riesgo hacia la conducta suicida en la adolescencia, tanto los biológicos, como los psicológicos y sociales, diferenciando entre causas concurrentes, causas precipitantes, causas desencadenantes y proceso psicopatológico subyacente. De forma particular se realiza una revisión del concepto de ideación suicida en la adolescencia, como llave de entrada para desarrollar actividades de intervención precoz y de tipo preventivo. Finalmente se realiza un protocolo para la intervención y la prevención desde los sistemas social, mediático, escolar, familiar y sanitario, incluyendo la intervención desde los servicios de urgencia hospitalaria. Palabras clave: Suicidio; adolescencia; ideación suicida; intervención precoz; prevención

Perfil das Intoxicações Medicamentosas Notificadas ao SINAN no Município de Primavera do Leste – MT, Entre os Anos de 2007 a 2014

O conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico das intoxicações medicamentosas é um importante guia para a gestão de recursos destinados ao planejamento e à implementação de ações que previnam a ocorrência desse agravo. O presente trabalho buscou estudar o perfil das intoxicações medicamentosas ocorridas no município de Primavera do Leste-MT, entre 2007 a 2014. Foram avaliados dados secundários registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), que permitiram a realização de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo e transversal em que se analisaram informações referentes ao perfil das vítimas (idade, sexo) e dos casos (circunstâncias, tipo de exposição e evolução dos casos). Registraram-se 52 casos, destes 73,1% (n=38) são vítimas do gênero feminino e 26,9% (n=14) do masculino. As intoxicações com medicamentos ocorreram em quase todas as faixas etárias (01 a 64 anos), porém a maioria das vítimas possuía entre 20 a 39 anos (n=26; 50%) e 15 a 19 (17,3%; n=9). As circunstâncias relacionadas às intoxicações foram: 73,1% (n=38) por tentativa de suicídio, 15,4% (n=8) por uso acidental e os demais pelo uso habitual, abuso, automedicação e violência/homicídio. Em 82,7% (n= 43) dos casos, as exposições foram agudas e únicas, em 9,6% (n=5) agudas repetidas, não sendo registrada exposição crônica. 84,6% (n= 44) das intoxicações evoluíram para cura sem sequelas. Registrou-se um óbito em função da tentativa de suicídio. As intoxicações por medicamentos são frequentes e representam um importante problema de saúde pública, que necessita de ações preventivas e educativas com foco nas vítimas e circunstâncias mais frequentes. Palavras-chave: Suicídio. Abuso de Medicamentos. Automedicação. AbstractKnowledge of the epidemiological profile of drug intoxications (Notification of Injury Information System) is an important guide for the resources management intended to the planning and implementation of actions that prevent the occurrence of this outcome. The present study aimed to describe the drug intoxications profile occurring in the municipality of Primavera do Leste -MT, between 2007 and 2014. Secondary data recorded in SINAN (Information System for Notifiable Diseases) were used to conduct a descriptive and cross - sectional epidemiological study in which information was analyzed regarding the victims’ profile (age, sex) and cases (circumstances, type of exposure and evolution of cases). There were 52 cases, of which 73.1% (n = 38) were females and 26.9% (n = 14) males. Drug intoxications occurred in almost all age groups (01 to 64 years), but the most of the were between 20 and 39 years (n = 26; 50%) and 15 to 19 (17.3%; n = 9). The circumstances related to intoxication were: 73.1% (n = 38) for attempted suicide, 15.4% (n = 8) for accidental use and the others for habitual use, abuse, self-medication and violence / homicide. In 82.7% (n = 43) of the cases the exposures were acute and single, in 9.6% (n = 5) repeated acute, and chronic exposure was not recorded. 84.6% (n = 44) of intoxications evolved to cure without sequelae. A death was recorded due to suicide attempt. Drugs intoxications are frequent and represent a relevant public health problem that requires preventive and educational actions with a focus on the most frequent victims and circumstances. Keywords: Suicide. Drug Misuse.Self-Medication.

The Suicide of Jackson Maine in A Star Is Born

In the thesis, I am interested to see the reasons for Jackson Maine, a famous and successful rock star to end his life based on the film A Star Is Born. To do that, I use Thomas Joiner’s Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Joiner’s theory discusses the qualities and conditions in his life that may cause him to commit suicide. To see the reasons for Jackson Maine’s death as portrayed in the film, I also use David Brodwell and Kristin Thompson’s Mise-en-Scène theory. Using the approach, I can find the reasons behind his death by analyzing the film’s visual arrangement within the scenes. In my research, I find that Jackson Maine experiences great difficulties and disappointment that he fails to cope and encourages him to end his life. Social disconnections, burdensomeness beliefs, and suicide capabilities become the reasons behind his self-destruction decision. Keywords: Suicide, Mise-en-Scène, Film Analysis, Social Disconnections, Self-destruction.

Kejadian Depresi dan Bunuh Diri pada Penderita Toksoplasmosis

Infeksi parasit Toxoplasma gondii telah menjangkiti hampir seluruh penduduk di dunia. Gejala toksoplasmosis yang muncul pada individu beresiko seperti bayi, ibu hamil dan penderita imunokompromais ternyata dapat muncul juga pada individu imunokompeten. Ookista yang menimbulkan toksoplasmosis kronis di otak, mampu memengaruhi sistem saraf dan kejiwaan penderitanya. Banyak bukti yang menunjukkan hubungan antara munculnya afek depresi pada individu dengan peningkatan serum anti toksoplasma. Depresi yang berkepanjangan tanpa intervensi tenaga medis, baik terapi farmakologi maupun terapi non-farmakologi memunculkan pikiran bunuh diri pada penderita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguraikan dampak dari penyakit toksoplasmosis yang tidak ditangani sehingga memunculkan berbagai macam gangguan psikiatri khususnya depresi dan bunuh diri. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil dari penelaahan pustaka dengan metode pencarian literatur yang dilakukan di internet dan buku teks berdasarkan pertanyaan mengenai patofisiologi penyakit toksoplasmosis yang terjadi dalam struktur anatomi sistem saraf pusat-perifer dan jalur neurotransmitter sehingga berakibat pada depresi dan ingin bunuh diri. Sumber pustaka terbaru dalam jangka waktu 15 tahun terakhir berjumlah 27 buah. Sebagai kesimpulan didapatkan gangguan keseimbangan neurotransmitter dopamin, serotonin dan glutamat serta perubahan pada kerusakan sel glial, amigdala dan korteks prefrontal yang menyebabkan perubahan suasana hati depresif pada penderita toksoplasmosis kronis. Kata kunci : bunuh diri, depresi, inflamasi, neurotransmiter, toksoplasmosis EVENT OF DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE IN PEOPLE WITH TOXOPLASMOSIS ABSTRACTThe parasitic infection of Toxoplasma gondii has infected almost population in the world. The fact that toxoplasmosis arises in at-risk persons such as infants, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients can also appear in immunocompetent individuals. Oocysts causes’ chronic toxoplasmosis in the brain, can affect the patient’s nervous system and psychiatric. There is a lot of evidence shows the relationship between emergence of depression’s affect in person with an increase of serum anti-toxoplasma. Prolonged depression without intervention from medical personnel, both pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological therapy, raises thoughts of suicide in the patients. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of toxoplasmosis which is not handled up so as bring up variety of psychiatric problems specifically depression and suicide. This paper is the result of a literature review using a literature search method on the internet and textbook conduction by questions about the pathophysiology of the disease that occurs in the anatomy of the central-peripheral nervous system and neurotransmitters that cause depression and commit to suicide. The latest sources of literature in the last 15 years replacement of 27 sources. In conclusion, disorders of the neurotransmitter dopamine, serotonin and glutamate balance and changes in glial cell, amygdala and prefrontal cortex may cause changes in patients mood with chronic toxoplasmosis. Keywords : suicide, depression, inflammation, neurotransmitter, toxoplasmosis