Is There a Mismatch Negativity Analogue in the Olfactory Event-Related Potential?

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Krauel ◽  
Philipp Schott ◽  
Bernfried Sojka ◽  
Bettina M. Pause ◽  
Roman Ferstl
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Deviant Stimulus ◽  
Negative Deflection ◽  
Odor Quality ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract The mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to indicate automatic stimulus discrimination in response to acoustic stimuli. In the present study six male subjects were presented with the odors linalool and eugenol within a passive oddball-paradigm. The subjects were instructed to ignore the odors and concentrate on an auditory distractor task. In two sessions each odor served once as the standard stimulus and once as the deviant stimulus. Both odors when presented as deviants led to a negative deflection of the olfactory event-related potential (OERP) between 500-600 ms. After 600 ms the waveforms in response to the deviants were differentially influenced by odor quality. Although the present study should be understood as exploratory, the results suggest the existence of an early mismatch detector in the olfactory modality independent of attention and odor quality.

Weighting of Amplitude and Formant Rise Time Cues by School-Aged Children: A Mismatch Negativity Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1322-1333
Author(s):  
Varghese Peter ◽  
Marina Kalashnikova ◽  
Denis Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Deviant Stimulus ◽  
Cue Weighting ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Optimal Weights

Purpose An important skill in the development of speech perception is to apply optimal weights to acoustic cues so that phonemic information is recovered from speech with minimum effort. Here, we investigated the development of acoustic cue weighting of amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in children as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN). Method Twelve adults and 36 children aged 6–12 years listened to a /ba/–/wa/ contrast in an oddball paradigm in which the standard stimulus had the ART and FRT cues of /ba/. In different blocks, the deviant stimulus had either the ART or FRT cues of /wa/. Results The results revealed that children younger than 10 years were sensitive to both ART and FRT cues whereas 10- to 12-year-old children and adults were sensitive only to FRT cues. Moreover, children younger than 10 years generated a positive mismatch response, whereas older children and adults generated MMN. Conclusion These results suggest that preattentive adultlike weighting of ART and FRT cues is attained only by 10 years of age and accompanies the change from mismatch response to the more mature MMN response. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6207608

Perception of long-distance coarticulation: An event-related potential and behavioral study

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL GROSVALD ◽  
DAVID CORINA
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Negative Deflection ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Phonemic Contrasts

ABSTRACTIn this study we explore listeners' sensitivity to vowel to vowel (VV) coarticulation, using both event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral methodologies. The stimuli used were vowels “colored” by the coarticulatory influence of other vowels across one, three or five intervening segments. The paradigm used in the ERP portion of the study was intended to elicit the mismatch-negativity (MMN) component, a negative deflection typically seen at central midline scalp sites about 200 ms after the presentation of a “deviant” acoustic stimulus occurring among a train of “standard” acoustic stimuli. VV coarticulation at near and medium distances was associated with significant MMN-like effects, which however were not observed in response to the longest distance coarticulatory contrasts. Subjects' ERP results did not predict their performance on the behavioral task, which found evidence of listener sensitivity to even the furthest distance coarticulatory effects. Although the MMN has previously been shown to be sensitive to phonemic contrasts, this is the first study using ERP methodology to investigate the subphonemic processing associated with the perception of coarticulation.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kestutis Gurevicius ◽  
Arto Lipponen ◽  
Rimante Minkeviciene ◽  
Heikki Tanila
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Related Potentials

An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.

scholarly journals Increment and decrement tone frequency effects in English-speaking adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings ◽  
Amebu Seddoh
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pure Tones

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been shown to vary in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. However, how tone deviance direction affects its generation is poorly understood due to paucity of data. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies with deviance magnitudes of 20, 40, and 50 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Both stimulus sets had the same standard tone of 200 Hz. Each standard tone was accompanied by a set of either increment or decrement deviant tones. The increment tones were 220, 240, and 250 Hz, and the decrement tones were 180, 160, and 150 Hz. Thus, regardless of direction, deviance magnitudes were kept the same at 20 Hz, 40 Hz, and 50 Hz across each stimulus set. Results showed that ERP amplitudes varied according to deviance direction. Decrement stimuli of 160 Hz and 150 Hz elicited larger MMN responses than their corresponding increment stimuli (240 Hz and 150 Hz). These outcomes are consistent with data that indicate that the perception of low and high pitch is mediated by differential discrimination thresholds.

Neuro-Behavioral Correlates of Post-Deviance Distraction in Middle-Aged and Old Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Getzmann ◽  
Michael Falkenstein ◽  
Patrick D. Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Deviant Stimulus ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

The presentation of a task-irrelevant deviant (novel) stimulus among otherwise repeated standard stimuli usually reduces performance not only for the deviant stimulus, but also for the standard following that deviant. Here, the so-called post-deviance distraction was investigated in 58 middle-aged and 52 old adults, using an auditory duration discrimination task and event-related potential (ERP) measures. After a deviant stimulus, the participants showed a decrease in performance in the subsequent standard stimulus. This effect was more pronounced in the old, than middle-aged, group. Relative to the standard stimuli preceding the deviant, post-deviant standards triggered a chain of mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and reorienting negativity (RON). While MMN and P3a did not differ in old and middle-aged adults, older participants showed a delayed RON. Assuming the RON to reflect processes of general task or feature reconfiguration and updating, these results suggest a delay in orienting-reorienting mechanisms as possible source of increased post-deviance distraction in elderly.

Normative Variation of P3a and P3b from a Large Sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Conroy ◽  
John Polich
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Blue Circle ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Normative Variation

Abstract. The P3a and P3b components were elicited in 120 (60 females, 60 males) young adults using a visual three-stimulus event-related brain potential (ERP) oddball paradigm in which subjects responded to an infrequent target. The major purpose of the paper was to provide a statistically strong characterization of these related P300 subcomponents. P3a components were obtained from the infrequently presented distracter stimulus, which was a large blue square. P3b components were obtained from the target stimulus, which was a blue circle that differed slightly in diameter from the standard stimulus blue circle. Amplitude measures demonstrated that P3a was maximum at Cz, and P3b was maximum at Pz; latency measures increased for both potentials from frontal to parietal recording sites. P3a and P3b from females were larger and later than those from male subjects, with topographic and appreciable individual difference variability observed. P3a was generally unrelated to response time. P3b amplitude was negatively correlated over right frontal areas with P3b latency and positively correlated over right parietal areas to response time. Theoretical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of the Deviance Detection Theory of Mismatch Negativity

NeuroSci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Jamie A. O’Reilly ◽  
Amonrat O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Deviance Detection ◽  
Processing Theory

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the difference waveform derived from passive auditory oddball stimulation. Since its inception in 1978, this has become one of the most popular event-related potential techniques, with over two-thousand published studies using this method. This is a testament to the ingenuity and commitment of generations of researchers engaging in basic, clinical and animal research. Despite this intensive effort, high-level descriptions of the mechanisms theorized to underpin mismatch negativity have scarcely changed over the past four decades. The prevailing deviance detection theory posits that MMN reflects inattentive detection of difference between repetitive standard and infrequent deviant stimuli due to a mismatch between the unexpected deviant and a memory representation of the standard. Evidence for these mechanisms is inconclusive, and a plausible alternative sensory processing theory considers fundamental principles of sensory neurophysiology to be the primary source of differences between standard and deviant responses evoked during passive oddball stimulation. By frequently being restated without appropriate methods to exclude alternatives, the potentially flawed deviance detection theory has remained largely dominant, which could lead some researchers and clinicians to assume its veracity implicitly. It is important to have a more comprehensive understanding of the source(s) of MMN generation before its widespread application as a clinical biomarker. This review evaluates issues of validity concerning the prevailing theoretical account of mismatch negativity and the passive auditory oddball paradigm, highlighting several limitations regarding its interpretation and clinical application.

scholarly journals Effect of deviance direction on generation of mismatch negativity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings ◽  
Amebu Seddoh
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pure Tones

Several studies have shown that Mismatch negativity (MMN) varies in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. By contrast, the effect of deviance direction is poorly understood due to paucity of data on this aspect of MMN generation. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies of 100 Hz and 200 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Opposing stimulus sets presented 850 Hz and 1050 Hz tones as standards in one set and deviants in the other. A third tone, 950 Hz, served as a deviant in both stimulus sets. ERP amplitudes and latencies elicited by deviance direction (increment vs. decrement) and magnitude (100 Hz vs. 200 Hz) were examined across the two stimulus sets. Results showed that ERP amplitudes and latencies varied according to deviance magnitude, but not deviance direction. The absence of an effect of deviance direction was attributed to the high frequencies of the stimuli used. However, given the paucity of data, this possibility needs to be considered as a speculation that warrants validation in future research.

A P300 Brain–Computer Interface Based on a Modification of the Mismatch Negativity Paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jin ◽  
Eric W Sellers ◽  
Sijie Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Single Character

The P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is an extension of the oddball paradigm, and can facilitate communication for people with severe neuromuscular disorders. It has been shown that, in addition to the P300, other event-related potential (ERP) components have been shown to contribute to successful operation of the P300 BCI. Incorporating these components into the classification algorithm can improve the classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR). In this paper, a single character presentation paradigm was compared to a presentation paradigm that is based on the visual mismatch negativity. The mismatch negativity paradigm showed significantly higher classification accuracy and ITRs than a single character presentation paradigm. In addition, the mismatch paradigm elicited larger N200 and N400 components than the single character paradigm. The components elicited by the presentation method were consistent with what would be expected from a mismatch paradigm and a typical P300 was also observed. The results show that increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by increasing the amplitude of ERP components can significantly improve BCI speed and accuracy. The mismatch presentation paradigm may be considered a viable option to the traditional P300 BCI paradigm.

scholarly journals Neural Representation of the English Vowel Feature [High]: Evidence From /ε/ vs. /ɪ/

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan H. Yu ◽  
Valerie L. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Deviant Stimulus ◽  
Processing Asymmetries

Many studies have observed modulation of the amplitude of the neural index mismatch negativity (MMN) related to which member of a phoneme contrast [phoneme A, phoneme B] serves as the frequent (standard) and which serves as the infrequent (deviant) stimulus (i.e., AAAB vs. BBBA) in an oddball paradigm. Explanations for this amplitude modulation range from acoustic to linguistic factors. We tested whether exchanging the role of the mid vowel /ε/ vs. high vowel /ɪ/ of English modulated MMN amplitude and whether the pattern of modulation was compatible with an underspecification account, in which the underspecified height values are [−high] and [−low]. MMN was larger for /ε/ as the deviant, but only when compared across conditions to itself as the standard. For the within-condition comparison, MMN was larger to /ɪ/ deviant minus /ε/ standard than to the reverse. A condition order effect was also observed. MMN amplitude was smaller to the deviant stimulus if it had previously served as the standard. In addition, the amplitudes of late discriminative negativity (LDN) showed similar asymmetry. LDN was larger for deviant /ε/ than deviant /ɪ/ when compared to themselves as the standard. These findings were compatible with an underspecification account, but also with other accounts, such as the Natural Referent Vowel model and a prototype model; we also suggest that non-linguistic factors need to be carefully considered as additional sources of speech processing asymmetries.

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