The Assessment of Fear of Flying: Elaboration and Validation of a Videotape as an Analogous Situation of a Flight1

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Capafóns ◽  
Carmen D. Sosa ◽  
Manuel Herrero ◽  
Conrado Viña
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Fear Of Flying ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Measures

The results are presented for the validation of a videotape as an analogous situation for a flight. The video includes the most significant elements of a flight by air: confirmation of the flight, packing, going to the airport, checking-in, going through the metal-detector, departure lounge, boarding the plane, demonstration of the personal safety drills, interiors and exteriors during the flight and landing. Two physiological measures are used for validation (heart rate and temperature) and a subjective measure (situational anxiety, SA). The results (both t-tests and the discriminant analysis) indicate that the videotape is able to discriminate between phobics and non-phobics of flying in the three variables considered. With respect to sensitivity in detecting change produced by various treatments in clients with phobia of flying, the results are also satisfactory. A greater differentiation is produced between the pre-post treatment measures, both in subjective and in the physiological measures.

Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Exercise on Treadmill, Elliptical Trainer, and Stepper: Practical Implications for Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Kirsten C. Flanagan ◽  
Maaike M. Eken ◽  
Adrian Withers ◽  
Jana Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Practical Implications

Elliptical trainers and steppers are proposed as useful exercise modalities in the rehabilitation of injured runners due to the reduced stress on muscles and joints when compared to running. This study compared the physiological responses to submaximal running (treadmill) with exercise on the elliptical trainer and stepper devices at three submaximal but identical workloads. Authors had 18 trained runners (male/female: N = 9/9, age: mean ± SD = 23 ± 3 years) complete randomized maximal oxygen consumption tests on all three modalities. Submaximal tests of 3 min were performed at 60%, 70%, and 80% of peak workload individually established for each modality. Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption, heart rate, fuel utilization, and energy expenditure were determined. The value of maximal oxygen consumption was not different between treadmill, elliptical, and stepper (49.3 ± 5.3, 48.0 ± 6.6, and 46.7 ± 6.2 ml·min−1·kg−1, respectively). Both physiological measures (oxygen consumption and heart rate) as well as carbohydrate and fat oxidation differed significantly between the different exercise intensities (60%, 70%, and 80%) but did not differ between the treadmill, elliptical trainer, and stepper. Therefore, the elliptical trainer and stepper are suitable substitutes for running during periods when a reduced running load is required, such as during rehabilitation from running-induced injury.

scholarly journals Detection of coronary artery disease by reduced features and extreme learning machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Sewak Singh ◽  
Barjinder Singh Saini ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Normal Sinus ◽  
Hidden Node ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Learning Machine

Objective. Cardiovascular diseases generate the highest mortality in the globe population, mainly due to coronary artery disease (CAD) like arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Therefore, an early identification of CAD and diagnosis is essential. For this, we have proposed a new approach to detect the CAD patients using heart rate variability (HRV) signals. This approach is based on subspaces decomposition of HRV signals using multiscale wavelet packet (MSWP) transform and entropy features extracted from decomposed HRV signals. The detection performance was analyzed using Fisher ranking method, generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) and binary classifier as extreme learning machine (ELM). The ranking strategies designate rank to the available features extracted by entropy methods from decomposed heart rate variability (HRV) signals and organize them according to their clinical importance. The GDA diminishes the dimension of ranked features. In addition, it can enhance the classification accuracy by picking the best discerning of ranked features. The main advantage of ELM is that the hidden layer does not require tuning and it also has a fast rate of detection.Methodology. For the detection of CAD patients, the HRV data of healthy normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and CAD patients were obtained from  a standard database. Self recorded data as normal sinus rhythm (Self_NSR) of healthy subjects were also used in this work. Initially, the HRV time-series was decomposed to 4 levels using MSWP transform. Sixty two features were extracted from decomposed HRV signals by non-linear methods for HRV analysis, fuzzy entropy (FZE) and Kraskov nearest neighbour entropy (K-NNE). Out of sixty-two features, 31 entropy features were extracted by FZE and 31 entropy features were extracted by K-NNE method. These features were selected since every feature has a different physical premise and in this manner concentrates and uses HRV signals information in an assorted technique. Out of 62 features, top ten features were selected, ranked by a ranking method called as Fisher score. The top ten features were applied to the proposed model, GDA with Gaussian or RBF kernal + ELM having hidden node as sigmoid or multiquadric. The GDA method transforms top ten features to only one feature and ELM has been used for classification.Results. Numerical experimentations were performed on the combination of datasets as NSR-CAD and Self_NSR- CAD subjects. The proposed approach has shown better performance using top ten ranked entropy features. The GDA with RBF kernel + ELM having hidden node as multiquadric method and GDA with Gaussian kernel + ELM having hidden node as sigmoid or multiquadric method achieved an approximate detection accuracy of 100% compared to ELM and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)+ELM for both datasets. The subspaces level-4 and level-3 decomposition of HRV signals by MSWP transform can be used for detection and analysis of CAD patients.

scholarly journals Effects of a Wearable Carriage Aid on Whole-Body Physiological Measures and Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8076
Author(s):  
Saad A. Alabdulkarim ◽  
Abdulsalam M. Farhan ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Mass

Carriage tasks are common and can lead to shoulder and lower back injuries. Wearable carriage aids have shown mixed effects on local physical demand measures. This study examined the impact of a wearable carriage aid on whole-body physiological measures (normalized oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and heart rate) to obtain a more comprehensive assessment regarding aid effectiveness. Additionally, this study investigated the effect of wearing the device on perceived balance. The potential moderating effect of carried load mass was considered. The examination was conducted while walking on a treadmill at a constant speed (2 km/h) for 5 min and was completed by 16 participants. Wearing the device reduced normalized oxygen consumption (~14%), minute ventilation (~7%), and heart rate (~3%), while substantially improving perceived balance (~61%). These effects were consistent across examined carried load levels. Although this study highlighted the potential for the developed aid, future studies are required for more diverse and realistic testing conditions.

Does the Body Move the Soul? The Impact of Arousal on Music Preference

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
Peter Sedlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Body Move ◽  
The Impact

people often report changes in emotional arousal when listening to their preferred music. Can this subjective impression be related to objective physiological measures? And if so, does preference induce arousal or could arousal also influence preference? In Study 1, participants listened to 18 pieces of music and rated the strength of preference as well as their experienced emotional arousal for each piece. In addition, physiological arousal was measured via heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate. Results showed that subjective reports about emotional arousal were much more closely connected to the strength of music preference than were physiological measures such as heart rate or skin conductance. The two types of arousal (emotional, physiological) were not substantially associated with each other. In Study 2, we manipulated physiological arousal while one group of participants watched their faces in a mirror during music listening. Effects on music preference differed: For a given piece of unknown music, higher induced arousal yielded higher preference ratings. However, this result only held when the music was not too complex. The results indicated that arousal was not solely a consequence of listening to preferred music but might also be a potent determinant of music preference.

Psychophysiological Changes following Auditory Subliminal Suggestions for Activation and Deactivation

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Borgeat ◽  
Jean Goulet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Skin Conductance Levels ◽  
Control Situation

This study was to measure eventual psychophysiological changes resulting from auditory subliminal activation or deactivation suggestions. 18 subjects were alternately exposed to a control situation and to 25-dB activating and deactivating suggestions masked by a 40-dB white noise. Physiological measures (EMG, heart rate, skin-conductance levels and responses, and skin temperature) were recorded while subjects listened passively to the suggestions, during a stressing task that followed and after that task. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the activation subliminal suggestions during and following the stressing task. This result is discussed as indicating effects of consciously unrecognized perceptions on psychophysiological responses.

A Cognitive Behavioural Group Treatment of Bulimia

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Schneider ◽  
W. Stewart Agras
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Measures

SummaryThis study describes a group treatment of bulimia using an adaptation of Fairburn's (1981) cognitive behavioural approach. Thirteen bulimic women with a self-reported average of 24 self-induced vomiting episodes per week were treated in two groups; each group met once a week for 16 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the number of self-reported vomiting episodes; pre- and post-treatment measures of eating attitudes, depression, assertiveness, and global level of psychological distress were also evaluated. Vomiting frequency decreased to an average 2.2 times per week (a 91% improvement) with seven patients abstinent by the end of treatment. Significant pre- to post-treatment changes were also demonstrated on measures of depression, eating attitudes, and assertiveness. Six-month follow-up data on 11 patients indicate a mean vomiting frequency of 3.8 per week; six patients maintained their progress. Although Fairburn had greater success using an individual cognitive behavioural approach, the results of the present study are promising for the development of a cost-effective treatment.

Heart-Rate Changes in Improved Spider-Phobic Patients

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Two spider-phobic patients were treated with a participant-modeling therapeutic approach. Continuous ambulatory heart rates were measured before and after treatment on a spider course laid out so that subjects encountered a variety of spider-related stimuli and environs. Heart rates were also measured during treatment. Despite behavioral improvement pre- to post-treatment for both subjects, the two subjects' heart rates exhibited opposite effects pre- to post-treatment, results consistent with the notion that behavioral improvement and physiological changes do not necessarily occur simultaneously in phobic subjects.

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