From the Subjects' Point of View

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Peter Kanning ◽  
Kirsten Grewe ◽  
Stefan Hollenberg ◽  
Monika Hadouch
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Response Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Job Relatedness ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Positive Effect

In personnel selection, situational judgment tests are based on the principle of simulation: The applicant is confronted with a typical work situation and has to decide what kind of behavior is appropriate. In two studies, we investigate the subjects' reactions to different kinds of situational judgment items. The item formats examined differ with regard to two variables: Interactivity (noninteractive: In each item, the subject is confronted with a new situation vs. interactive: The situation develops according to the answer given and the subject is asked once more about the new situation) as well as modality of presentation (stimulus and response components of the items are given in the form of a video vs. in text form). We expected the degree of interaction and the presentation via video to have a positive effect on the subjects' evaluation (in terms of usefulness, emotional reaction, transparency, job-relatedness, acceptance, fairness). In accordance with our expectations, interactive situational judgment items using videos in the stimulus as well as in the response component received the highest ratings.

scholarly journals Situational Judgment Tests: An Overview of Development Practices and Psychometric Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Whetzel ◽  
Taylor Sullivan ◽  
Rodney McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Response Instructions

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are popular assessment methods often used for personnel selection and promotion. SJTs present problem scenarios to examinees, who then evaluate each response option for addressing the issue described in the scenario. As guidance for practitioners and researchers alike, this paper provides experience- and evidence-based best practices for developing SJTs: writing scenarios and response options, creating response instructions, and selecting a response format. This review describes scoring options, including key stretching and within-person standardization. The authors also describe research on psychometric issues that affect SJTs, including reliability, validity, group differences, presentation modes, faking, and coaching.

A Meta-Analytical Multilevel Reliability Generalization of Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Kasten ◽  
Philipp Alexander Freund
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reliability Generalization ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Dependent Observations ◽  
Score Reliability ◽  
Study Characteristics

Abstract. During the past 20 years, Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) have developed into a viable tool in personnel selection. Despite their growing popularity, research examining the extent of measurement error is widely lacking. Using reliability generalization, the aim of this article was twofold: (1) establish an estimate for an average coefficient alpha of SJT scores across studies and (2) examine the influence of essential SJT features and selected study variables on score reliability. To handle potential dependent observations a three-level hierarchical linear model was used. The results indicate that the reliability of SJT scores is typically rather low and below recommended levels for high-stakes applications. Additionally, both SJT and study characteristics affect score reliability. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided to guide an appropriate use of SJTs and to initiate future research.

THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL STATUS OF AN AFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE IMAGINARY IN HUSSERL’S AND SARTRE’S WORKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-27
Author(s):  
Elena V. Drozhetskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Response ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
Intentional Objects ◽  
Perceptual Objects ◽  
The Subject

The paper focuses on the phenomenological status of an affective re- sponse to the imaginary in Husserl’s and Sartre’s works. Initially Husserl supposed that intentional objects of phantasy and perception may be identical. In turn, an imagination (fantasy) can substantiate affective acts, that is, the imaginary can become the subject of an emotional reaction. Along with fantasies, which are only the background of our conscious life, there are such ones in which we “live”, being absorbed in a fantasized object “to self-forgetfulness”. The feelings aimed at the imaginary may in the case seem no different from the real ones. R. Hopkins considers that position as reasonable, and the point of view of Sartre, who asserts the opposite, as vulnerable. However the article shows that both Husserl and Sartre discovered that affectivity plays its role even in the perceptual objects constitution. The image, according to Sartre, is constituted entirely by means of affecti vity and knowledge, in connection with which it is characterized by “essential poverty”, that is, it is impossible to learn anything new from the image. Earlier, Husserl came to the conclusion about a radical difference between objects of fantasy and perception, changing his original opinion. A fantasized object is quasi-seen because it isn’t given as actually present and feelings directed to it undergo modification and represent a “quasi-feeling”. Sartre follows Husserl’s way and claims that affective acts related to the imaginary are rather enacted than ex- perienced since they have neither the independence nor the inexhaustibility of the real. There is nothing in fantasied object to feed the feeling consequently it becomes more abstract and finally disappears.

Using situational judgment tests (SJTs) in training

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Brent Cox ◽  
Laura G. Barron ◽  
William Davis ◽  
Bernardo de la Garza
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
Training Content

Purpose Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are widely used in personnel selection but have not been empirically explored as methods of training design. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate SJT-based training as a workplace training design method which utilizes active learning and structured feedback to enhance learning of both procedural and declarative knowledge. Design/methodology/approach Volunteers (n=416) were randomly assigned to full-length lecture-based training or abbreviated lecture-based training followed by 15 minutes of SJT-based training. Knowledge of training content was assessed at pre-test and three weeks after training. Findings SJT-based trainees showed greater improvement on declarative and procedural knowledge than those in traditional training. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that integrating the SJT methodology into training delivery may lead to greater mastery of declarative and procedural knowledge relative to exclusive use of lecture-based training methods. Practical implications Findings suggest that the relatively inexpensive, low-fidelity scenario-based training methodology the authors detail may increase retention of training material compared to more traditional training methods. Originality/value This is the first study to incorporate SJT methodology into the design of training content and to demonstrate that such content can produce greater retention of both declarative and procedural content.

scholarly journals Impact of Self-Compacting Concrete Admixtures on Frost Resistance and Compressive Strength—Commensurability of Frost Resistance Criteria

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2922
Author(s):  
Adam Piekarczyk ◽  
Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Concrete Admixtures ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Air Entrained Concrete

The article presents the results of original and relevant tests from the point of view of using self-compacting concrete admixtures, especially their compatibility with the cement and mutual compatibility in the case of using several admixtures in one mixture. The research contributes to the recognition of the effect of an unintentionally air-entraining superplasticiser (SP), anti-foam (AFA), viscosity-modifying (VMA) and air-entraining (AEA) admixtures on the internal frost resistance and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete. Positive and undesirable effects of the combined use of several admixtures in this area have not been the subject of extensive analyses and publications so far. Superplasticiser, which unintentionally introduced a large amount of air to the concrete mixture, had a negative effect on the strength of the concrete and a positive effect on frost resistance. The addition of AFA to such concrete did not change the strength but worsened the values of the parameters estimating frost resistance. The AEA admixture resulted in a decrease in the strength of concrete but contributed to a change in the tendency to weaken the frost resistance observed in non-air-entrained concrete. The article also deals with the problem of compliance of the frost resistance criteria estimated upon various measures. It may be disturbing that finding frost resistance based on one criterion does not always mean frost resistance on another criterion. The discrepancies can be significant and misleading.

The use of serious digital games in the peer violence prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 598 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tłuściak-Deliowska
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Peer Violence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Education ◽  
Positive Effect

The topic of aggressive behavior of school children and teenagers in relation to computer games is quite popular. There is a large number of studies which show a clear relationship between the frequency of playing computer games and the preference for violent games and various aggressive behaviors. Slightly less space is devoted to the positive effect of games, its educational and preventive potential, and especially to the use of computer games in the prevention of violence. Meanwhile, for some time now, new technologies, in particular serious games, have started to be included in preventive programs. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the possible use of serious digital games in the prevention of peer violence. The subject will be the analysis of their potential, with emphasis on solutions that can be used in the prevention of peer violence, both “traditional” and electronic, and the effects that can be achieved thanks to such games. Serious games can be used to raise awareness, induce empathy, and teach strategies for coping with the experience of victimization as well as witnessing violence. This issue is of particular importance from the point of view of the contemporary education of children and youth.

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document