Dark Triad, Tramps, and Thieves

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Lyons ◽  
Peter K. Jonason
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Primary Psychopathy ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Dysfunctional Impulsivity ◽  
On Line ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

Abstract. Although previous research has demonstrated a link between personality and thieving, research has not yet considered individual differences in impulsivity and the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and commonplace, low-level thefts. In this on-line questionnaire study (N = 254) we examined how the Dark Triad traits and dysfunctional and functional impulsivity provide insights into individual differences in petty theft. Those who admitted having stolen something in their lifetime were higher on primary and secondary psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and dysfunctional impulsivity than those who had not stolen anything. In addition, secondary psychopathy predicted stealing from a wider range of targets than primary psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. We discussed the results in relation to how psychopathy may be part of an adaptive suite of traits that enable a “cheater” strategy.

DISPOSITIONS RELATED TO SENSITIVITY IN THE NEUROLOGICAL BASIS FOR ACTIVATION OF APPROACH-AVOIDANCE MOTIVATION, ANTISOCIAL ATTRIBUTES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1251-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Bjørnebekk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Primary Psychopathy ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Aggression

During the last 30 years, social learning theory has been at the theoretical forefront of research on development of antisocial behavior. Only a few studies have focused on temperamental factors that underlie, determine, and maintain antisocial behavior. Some of these studies suggest that high approach-reward drive, weak fear-motivation and weak punishmentinsensitivity constitute a critical mix of temperamental variables associated with aggressive and violent behavior in individuals with high impulsivity or low effortful or inhibitory control (e.g., Rothbart, Ahadi, & Evans, 2000). The present study examines hypotheses drawn from temperament-based theories derived from Gray’s model (1987, 1991). There were 42 participants; a target group of 21 adolescents who had a defined behavioral problem, and a matched referential group of 21 adolescents who did not. The results suggest that attributes related to primary psychopathy are rooted in low anxiety/low fear, and predict both instrumental and emotional aggression. Moreover, attributes related to secondary psychopathy seem rooted in temperamental approach and are positively associated with dysregulation of negative affect.

scholarly journals The Dark Triad and Sexual Assertiveness Predict Sexual Coercion Differently in Men and Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092234
Author(s):  
Minna Lyons ◽  
Emma Houghton ◽  
Gayle Brewer ◽  
Freya O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexual Assertiveness ◽  
Sexual Autonomy ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

Sexual coercion is a global problem that has been studied widely with regard to various characteristics of the perpetrators. The Dark Triad of personality (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and primary and secondary psychopathy) has been indicated as an important predictor of coercive cognitions and behaviors. In this study, we report findings of an online study ( N = 208), exploring the relationship between sexual coercion, the Dark Triad, and sexual assertiveness (i.e., strategies for achieving sexual autonomy). We found that the Dark Triad was a stronger predictor of sexual coercion in men than in women. In men, all the Dark Triad components were significantly, positively correlated with sexual coercion, and narcissism and Machiavellianism had significant, negative correlations with sexual assertiveness. In women, only narcissism had a significant, positive correlation with sexual coercion, and the Dark Triad traits were not correlated with sexual assertiveness. In regression analyses, controlling for shared variance between the predictor variables, high secondary psychopathy, and low sexual assertiveness emerged as significant predictors of coercion in men. Only narcissism was a significant positive predictor in women. We discuss the results with a reference to evolutionary Life History theory.

Impact of Parental Abuse during Childhood on the Formation of Primary and Secondary Psychopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Hyeon Gi Hong ◽  
HyunMyoungHo ◽  
Jungeun Lee ◽  
김희송 ◽  
Jihye Han
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Parental Abuse ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

scholarly journals The Comorbidity of Psychopathy and Depression: Across Different Ethnic and Sex Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Zlatko Šram
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

The aim of this research was to examine if comorbid relationships exist between psychopathy and depression in a community sample of different ethnic and sex groups. Based on some previous research, it was hypothesized that psychopathy and depression would be correlated and that secondary psychopathy would be the strongest predictor of depression regardless of different ethnic and sex belongings. The survey was carried out on the adult population in the region of Croatia populated by citizens of Croatian and Serbian minority ethnicity. The equalized convenience sample of 1100 participants, half of which were Croats and half of males. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficients were calculated as a measure of the strength and direction of linear relationships among primary and secondary and depression. In order to determine how well scores on depression could be predicted by primary and secondary psychopathy across different demographic groups, multiple regression analysis were used. It was found that both primary and secondary psychopathy were significantly correlated in a positive direction with depression in different ethnic and sex groups. However, secondary psychopathy was more correlated with depression across different ethnic and sex subsamples. The results of regression analysis revealed that secondary psychopathy was the strongest predictor of depression in all demographic subsamples. After age and school attainment were introduced into regression models, it was shown that a very small percentage of the variance is explained by the sociodemographic variables. The research suggested a significant role of secondary psychopathy in relation to a higher level of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Individual differences in neural sensitization and the role of context in illness from low-level environmental chemical exposures.

1997 ◽  
Vol 105 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Bell ◽  
G E Schwartz ◽  
C M Baldwin ◽  
E E Hardin ◽  
N G Klimas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Neural Sensitization

Task effects and individual differences in on‐line processing of the topic structure of a text

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Lorch ◽  
Elizabeth Pugzles Lorch ◽  
Ann M. Mogan
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
On Line ◽  
Topic Structure

It’s the Situation and Your Disposition: A Test of Two Honesty Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855061989897 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Markowitz ◽  
Timothy R. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Public Data

Research has documented substantial individual differences in the proclivity for honesty or dishonesty and that personality traits meaningfully account for variations in honesty–dishonesty. Research also shows important situational variation related to deception, as situations can motivate or discourage dishonest behaviors. The current experiment examines personality and situational influences on honesty–dishonesty in tandem, arguing that their effects may not be additive. Participants ( N = 114) engaged in an experimental task providing the opportunity to cheat for tangible gain. The situation varied to encourage or discourage cheating. Participants completed the HEXACO-100 and the Dark Triad of Personality scales. Both situational variation and personality dimensions predicted honesty–dishonesty, but the effects of personality were not uniform across situations. These results were also supported using public data from an independent, multilab sample ( N = 5,757). We outline how these results inform our understanding of deception, situational influences, and the role of disposition in honesty.

scholarly journals The Predictive Value of Early-Life Trauma, Psychopathy, and the Testosterone–Cortisol Ratio for Impulsive Aggression Problems in Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701987190
Author(s):  
Pauline O. J. Korpel ◽  
Tim Varkevisser ◽  
Sylco S. Hoppenbrouwers ◽  
Jack Van Honk ◽  
Elbert Geuze
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Continuous Predictor ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Cortisol Ratio

Background In this study, we examined whether early-life trauma, psychopathy, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio predicted impulsive aggression problems in veterans. Method A sample of 49 male veterans with impulsive aggression problems and 51 nonaggressive veterans were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed with early-life trauma, primary and secondary psychopathy, and testosterone/cortisol ratio as continuous predictor variables; impulsive aggression status was entered as a binary outcome measure. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine pairwise relations among the predictors. Results Results indicated that early-life trauma and secondary psychopathy, but not the testosterone/cortisol ratio or primary psychopathy, were significant predictors of impulsive aggression status. Conclusions The current results indicate that early-life trauma and secondary psychopathy are risk factors for impulsive aggression problems among veterans. Future studies are needed to determine the exact causal relations among the variables examined here.

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