Motivation to Maintain a Nonprejudiced Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Falomir-Pichastor ◽  
Gabriel Mugny ◽  
Natasha Frederic ◽  
Jacques Berent ◽  
Fanny Lalot
Keyword(s):  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Licensing Effects ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Abstract. In the context of nationals’ attitudes toward immigrants, three studies investigated the moderating role of normative context and justification for prejudice on licensing effects. Justification for prejudice was either assessed (Studies 1 and 2) or experimentally induced (Study 3). The normative context (egalitarian vs. discriminatory) and the possibility to obtain (or not) credentials as a nonprejudiced person were manipulated in all studies. A licensing effect (i.e., greater prejudice in the credentials as compared to the no-credentials conditions) was observed only in the egalitarian norm condition when justification for prejudice was high. Thus, credentials appear to provide a way for establishing a normative self-image as nonprejudiced when justification for prejudice is high, which reduces conformity to an egalitarian norm.

scholarly journals State Anxiety and Alcohol Choice: Evidence from Experimental and Online Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy Dyer ◽  
Alexander Graham Board ◽  
Lee Hogarth ◽  
Steph Suddell ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Challenge ◽  
Experimentally Induced

We conducted two experiments using the 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge (Studies 1 and 2) and an observational study (Study 3) to investigate the relationships between state anxiety and alcohol-related outcomes (primarily alcohol choice) (ns = 42, 60, 218, respectively). We also explored whether drinking to cope (DTC) motives moderated these relationships. In Study 1, experimentally-induced state anxiety increased alcohol choice (dz = .65, p <.001). This finding was replicated in Study 2, but the effect was weaker (ηp2 = .056, p = .076). Furthermore, DTC moderated the effect (ηp 2 = .106, p = .013). However, in Study 3 there was no clear evidence of an association between naturally-occurring state anxiety and alcohol choice (b = 0.05, p = .654), or a moderating role of DTC (b = 6.66, p = .311). Experimentally-induced, but not naturally-occurring, state anxiety increases alcohol choice, although state anxiety was lower in the non-manipulated sample.

scholarly journals State anxiety and alcohol choice: Evidence from experimental and online observational studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L Dyer ◽  
Alexander G Board ◽  
Lee Hogarth ◽  
Steph F Suddell ◽  
Jon E Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: Experimental studies have investigated the effects of physical, psychological and pharmacological stressors (that induce state anxiety) on alcohol outcomes. However, no study has investigated the effects of state anxiety on alcohol outcomes, and the moderating role of drinking to cope (DTC) motives, using the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge. Aims: We aimed to investigate the relationships between state anxiety and alcohol-related outcomes (primarily alcohol choice). We also explored whether DTC motives moderated these relationships. Methods: We conducted two experiments using the 7.5% CO2 challenge (Studies 1 and 2) and an observational study (Study 3) ( ns = 42, 60 and 219, respectively), to triangulate findings. Results: In Study 1, experimentally induced state anxiety increased alcohol choice ( p < .001, ηp2 = .29). This finding was replicated in Study 2, but the effect was weaker ( p = .076, ηp2 = .06). Furthermore, DTC moderated the effect ( p = .013, ηp2 = .11). However, in Study 3 there was no clear evidence of an association between naturally occurring state anxiety and alcohol choice ( b = 0.05, p = .655), or a moderating role of DTC ( b = 0.01, p = .852). Conclusions: Experimentally induced, but not naturally occurring, state anxiety increases alcohol choice, although state anxiety levels were lower in the non-manipulated sample.

Ageism and Psychological Distress in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem and Body Image

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110096
Author(s):  
Yoav S. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Moderating Role

Ageist attitudes have been associated with negative physical consequences and psychological distress among older adults. Although holding a positive self-image and body image contributes to well-being among older adults, their combined effect on the consequences of ageism has not been examined. Accordingly, the current study examines the moderating role of both variables on the connection between ageism and psychological distress among older adults. Data were collected from 383 older adults (age range = 60–90; M = 71.44; SD = 6.62), who filled out scales assessing ageism, self-esteem, body image, and psychological distress. Psychological distress was associated with reduced self-esteem and body image. In line with the moderation hypothesis, the ageism–distress link remained significant only for individuals with low levels of both self-esteem and body image. The discussion highlights the relevance of both self-esteem and body image as important personal resources which may buffer the connection between ageism and psychological distress among older adults.

De invloed van geïdealiseerde mediabeelden op het zelfbeeld van jonge meisjes

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke S. van der Deen ◽  
Saskia A. Schwinghammer ◽  
Kirsten T. Verkooijen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Beauty Ideal ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

The influence of idealised media images on the self-image of young girls: The positive moderating role of media awareness The influence of idealised media images on the self-image of young girls: The positive moderating role of media awareness This study examines the influence of idealised (extremely attractive) models appearing in beauty advertisements on the self-image of 10-13 year-old girls and investigates the possible protective role of media awareness. Model attractiveness (idealised vs. normally attractive) and media awareness (induced vs. not induced) were manipulated and self-image and internalisation of the Western beauty ideal were measured. Results show that after exposure to beauty advertisements with idealised models, girls with higher induced media awareness had a slightly more positive self-image than girls in whom media awareness was not induced. Moreover, this positive effect of media awareness was more pronounced within the group of girls who highly internalized the Western beauty ideal. It is concluded that media awareness can protect the self-image of young (vulnerable) girls who are exposed to idealised media images.

Human values and ideological beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward immigrants across 20 countries: The country‐level moderating role of threat

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella de C. R. Araújo ◽  
Magdalena Bobowik ◽  
Roosevelt Vilar ◽  
James H. Liu ◽  
Homero Gil de Zuñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Values ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Moderating Role
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