scholarly journals State anxiety and alcohol choice: Evidence from experimental and online observational studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L Dyer ◽  
Alexander G Board ◽  
Lee Hogarth ◽  
Steph F Suddell ◽  
Jon E Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: Experimental studies have investigated the effects of physical, psychological and pharmacological stressors (that induce state anxiety) on alcohol outcomes. However, no study has investigated the effects of state anxiety on alcohol outcomes, and the moderating role of drinking to cope (DTC) motives, using the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge. Aims: We aimed to investigate the relationships between state anxiety and alcohol-related outcomes (primarily alcohol choice). We also explored whether DTC motives moderated these relationships. Methods: We conducted two experiments using the 7.5% CO2 challenge (Studies 1 and 2) and an observational study (Study 3) ( ns = 42, 60 and 219, respectively), to triangulate findings. Results: In Study 1, experimentally induced state anxiety increased alcohol choice ( p < .001, ηp2 = .29). This finding was replicated in Study 2, but the effect was weaker ( p = .076, ηp2 = .06). Furthermore, DTC moderated the effect ( p = .013, ηp2 = .11). However, in Study 3 there was no clear evidence of an association between naturally occurring state anxiety and alcohol choice ( b = 0.05, p = .655), or a moderating role of DTC ( b = 0.01, p = .852). Conclusions: Experimentally induced, but not naturally occurring, state anxiety increases alcohol choice, although state anxiety levels were lower in the non-manipulated sample.

scholarly journals State Anxiety and Alcohol Choice: Evidence from Experimental and Online Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy Dyer ◽  
Alexander Graham Board ◽  
Lee Hogarth ◽  
Steph Suddell ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Challenge ◽  
Experimentally Induced

We conducted two experiments using the 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge (Studies 1 and 2) and an observational study (Study 3) to investigate the relationships between state anxiety and alcohol-related outcomes (primarily alcohol choice) (ns = 42, 60, 218, respectively). We also explored whether drinking to cope (DTC) motives moderated these relationships. In Study 1, experimentally-induced state anxiety increased alcohol choice (dz = .65, p &lt;.001). This finding was replicated in Study 2, but the effect was weaker (ηp2 = .056, p = .076). Furthermore, DTC moderated the effect (ηp 2 = .106, p = .013). However, in Study 3 there was no clear evidence of an association between naturally-occurring state anxiety and alcohol choice (b = 0.05, p = .654), or a moderating role of DTC (b = 6.66, p = .311). Experimentally-induced, but not naturally-occurring, state anxiety increases alcohol choice, although state anxiety was lower in the non-manipulated sample.

Exploring the role of exposure to green space in preventing anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 living in urban settings: a systematic review 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Bray ◽  
Rebecca Reece ◽  
Danielle Sinnett ◽  
Faith Martin ◽  
Robert Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Despite the growing problem of anxiety and depression amongst young people aged 14-24 years living in urban settings, reviews about the role of exposure to green space or nature in preventing anxiety and depression tend to focus on children, adults or sometimes adolescents. This review aims to explore whether, and if so how, exposure to green space reduces the risk of anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 living in urban settings.MethodsCINAHL plus, Global Health, MEDLINE, ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Scopus and OpenGrey were searched for research published in English between January 2000 and June 2020, including all study designs. Results 9,208 sources were identified and 48 were included. Experimental studies provided evidence that walking or being in a green space improves mood and state anxiety immediately following the intervention. Observational studies suggest that social interaction, physical activity, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between exposure to green space and mental health. We propose that the absence of noise and traffic and the presence of nature promotes mindfulness and restoration.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence to clinicians about the value of green social prescribing, and to policymakers about the value of bringing the benefits of forests, vegetation and nature into cities, and ensuring that these spaces are accessible and safe for young people to use.

scholarly journals Effort investment in uncontrollable situations: The moderating role of motivation toward closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Paulina Szwed ◽  
Małgorzata Kossowska ◽  
Marcin Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Energy Conservation Principle ◽  
Principle Of Energy Conservation ◽  
Investment Behaviour

AbstractAccording to the principle of energy-conservation principle, effort investment is usually reduced in situations that are perceived as uncontrollable. This is because when success is recognized as impossible, any effortful actions are no longer justified. However, we predicted that individual differences in uncertainty tolerance, i.e., the need for closure (NFC), may moderate effort investment in uncontrollable situations. We tested this prediction in two experimental studies in which we exposed participants with differing levels of NFC to uncontrollable events, and indexed effort through the assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses. As predicted, in the uncontrollability (vs. controllability) condition, effort investment decreased significantly among low- but not high-NFC participants. Since gaining certainty and achieving closure is not a critical epistemic goal for low-NFC individuals, exerting extra effort to gain certainty is therefore no longer justified. On the other hand, high-NFC participants do not withhold their efforts, as they are highly motivated to obtain certainty. These results may help to account for contradictory findings in effort-investment behaviour and add substantively to the literature concerning motivation toward closure.

Contradicting findings of gender bias in teaching evaluations: Evidence from two experiments in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Skorkjær Binderkrantz ◽  
Mette Bisgaard ◽  
Berit Lassesen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teaching ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Evaluation Of Teaching

The role of gender in the interaction between citizens and public sector employees attracts increasing attention. Notably, gender effects have been described in performance evaluations across different contexts. With respect to student evaluations of teaching, a series of observational studies as well as experimental studies have found that women are evaluated lower than men. In this paper, we conduct two experiments in Denmark to test whether a similar gender bias is present in a national context that is generally considered among the most gender equal. Study 1 investigates differences in the evaluation of two similar presentations by teachers reported to be either male or female. Study 2 focuses on the evaluation of teaching material prepared by men and women respectively. The two studies arrive at similar conclusions: There is no gender bias in favor of men in the evaluations made by students. The paper discusses the implications of these findings.

Examining the Relationships Between Fear of Coronavirus, State Anxiety, and Relationship Happiness Among Married Turkish Individuals During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110555
Author(s):  
Bülent Dilmaç ◽  
Ali Karababa ◽  
Tolga Seki ◽  
Zeynep Şimşir ◽  
M. Furkan Kurnaz
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Family Activities ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Relationship Happiness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of state anxiety in the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and relationship happiness among married individuals. An additional aim of the study also tested the moderating role of joint family activities between state anxiety and relationship happiness. The study sample consisted of 1713 married individuals (1031 women and 682 men). The study findings showed both the significant direct associations among the studied variables and the mediating role of state anxiety in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and relationship happiness. It also found that the path of state anxiety to relationship happiness among married individuals having family activities was significantly lower than those who did not. Directions for future research and application were discussed.

Effects of pride-tagged money and surprise-tagged money on online tipping

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pianpian Yang ◽  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Yuanyue Feng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Willingness To Engage

PurposeWith the rise of social media, online tipping has developed markedly in recent years. Drawing on emotional accounting, this research examined the effects of pride-tagged money (PTM) and surprise-tagged money (STM) on online tipping. It examined the mediating role of self-inflation and the moderating role of the perceived importance of money in the proposed relationship.Design/methodology/approachFive experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses using ANOVA, SmartPLS3 and bootstrap analyses.FindingsThe results reveal that pride-tagged (vs surprise-tagged) money leads to higher self-inflation, which leads to an increased willingness to engage in online tipping. It illustrates that when the perceived importance of money is low, PTM results in a higher willingness to engage in online tipping than STM. However, when the perceived importance of money is high, the effect of PTM (vs STM) on the willingness to conduct online tipping is attenuated, and no significant difference exists in the willingness to engage in online tipping between people with PTM and those with STM. In addition, it shows that PTM (vs STM) leads to a higher amount of online tipping, and self-inflation mediates the proposed relationship.Practical implicationsPractically, web-based marketing managers should design programs (e.g. content that encourages users to feel pride in their achievements) that cause users to emotionally tag their money with pride as a means of increasing their willingness to engage in online tipping and to increase the amount of such tipping.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of how different sources of money influence online tipping.

Emotional Cues’ Effects on Grotesque Advertising

2021 ◽  
pp. 183933492110563
Author(s):  
Argho Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Felix Septianto ◽  
Kaushalya Nallaperuma ◽  
Bodo Lang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Effective Advertising ◽  
Moderating Role

A growing literature is examining the potential of grotesque advertising. The aim of this study is to examine whether curiosity or boredom cues in a grotesque advertisement are more effective at enhancing brand attitude and how this effect is moderated by consumers’ construal level. Across three experimental studies, this research shows that a curiosity cue will be more effective among consumers with a high construal level, whereas a boredom cue will be more effective among consumers with a low construal level (Study 1 and an ancillary study, Study 2). Further, perceived fit (based on construal level) mediates these effects (Study 2). This study thus offers a fresh theoretical viewpoint on the efficacy of emotional advertising cues in enhancing consumer evaluations of grotesque advertising by investigating the moderating role of consumers’ construal level. These findings benefit marketers in developing effective advertising strategies featuring grotesque imagery.

The Influence of Air Pollution and Clean Energy on Tuberculosis: The Moderating Role of Urbanization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzan YAHYA ◽  
Muhammad RAFIQ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
System Gmm ◽  
Moderating Role

Background: Air pollution is one of the major threats to human health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the effect of renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions on tuberculosis (TB) incidences. It further investigates the moderating role of urbanization on the relationship between underlying factors and TB. Methods: The data of 183 countries over the period 2000 to 2014 were collected and a two-step system GMM technique was utilized to reduce the endogeneity issue. Additionally, we divided the sample into two sub-panels based on country risk for more robust estimates. Results: Carbon dioxide emissions increase the incidences of TB while renewable energy consumption could restrict these cases. On the other hand, urbanization is positively associated with TB in high-risk. System-GMM estimates also indicated that urbanization further strengthens the positive association between CO2 emissions and tuberculosis. Conclusion: Climate-friendly energy technologies, surveillance, and adequate city planning can act as effective mechanisms to improve public health.

scholarly journals Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Influences Product Preferences: The Moderating Role of Consumers’ Mindset

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Felix Septianto ◽  
Tung Moi Chiew
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Product Preferences ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

Recent research has suggested conflicting evidence on how consumers respond to threat (from diseases) concerning their product preferences. Specifically, consumers might exhibit higher versus lower preferences for typical (vs. atypical) products. Drawing upon the literature on consumption-based affect regulation and consumers’ mindset, this research seeks to reconcile these seemingly conflicting findings by establishing the moderating role of consumers’ mindset. In three experimental studies, we show that among consumers with a fixed (vs. growth) mindset, perceived threat of COVID-19 would lead to higher (vs. lower) preferences for typical products. Furthermore, these divergent effects are explained by two distinct affect regulation strategies. The effect of threat among consumers with a growth (vs. fixed) mindset will be mediated by regaining a sense of control (vs. self-protection). These findings contribute the literature on disease cues, affect regulation, and consumers’ mindset, and offer practical implications for marketers during COVID-19 pandemic.

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