scholarly journals How Do Astronaut Candidate Profiles Differ From Airline Pilot Profiles?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Maschke ◽  
Viktor Oubaid ◽  
Yvonne Pecena
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Airline Pilot ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
High Level

Sixteen years after the second Europe-wide astronaut selection campaign, the European Space Agency started the third campaign by putting out a call for new astronauts in 2008. Due to extreme environmental conditions, expensive scientific experiments, and high public interest, not only are the psychological requirements on a high level, but they are also wide in variety: Besides cognitive and psychomotor requirements, greater importance than in comparable campaigns was put on personality and behavioral aspects, especially regarding interpersonal aspects. The psychological selection was conducted in two steps: Phase 1 concentrated mainly on performance tests and Phase 2 focused on personality and interpersonal behavior. Out of the 902 tested candidates, 46 fulfilled the psychological requirements. Significant differences were found between the astronaut candidates and the general population as well as airline pilot candidates.

PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

Gene structure dynamics and divergence of the polygalacturonase gene family of plants and fungus

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-C. Park ◽  
S.-J. Kwon ◽  
P.-H. Kim ◽  
T. Bureau ◽  
N.-S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Structure ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Intron Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Per Gene

Whole copies of the polygalacturonase (PG) genes from rice ( Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) and a filamentous fungus ( Aspergillus oryzae ) were isolated. The orthologs of the rice PGs were also retrieved from other plant species. The 106 plant PGs analyzed were divided into 5 clades, A, B, C, D, and E. The fungus PGs were classified into 3 clades, of which one formed a loose cluster with clade E of the plant PGs. Four domain motifs (I, II, III, IV) were identified in all PGs. Motifs II and III were split by introns such as G/DDC and CGPGHGIS/IGSLG, respectively. In plant PGs there were 446 introns in total and 3.98 introns per gene. Intron phase distribution was 65.5% for phase 0, 19.7% for phase 1, and 14.8% for phase 2 in plant PGs. In the PGs of A. oryzae there were 37 introns of phase 0 (59.5%), phase 1 (24.3%), and phase 2 (16.2%), with 2.47 introns per gene. The 5 clades of plant PGs were divided into 3 basic gene structure lineages. Intron positions and phases were conserved among the PGs in the first 2 lineages. The third lineage consisted of PGs of clade E, which also carried highly conserved introns at different positions from other PGs. Intron positions were not as highly conserved in fungus PGs as in plant PGs. The introns in the current PGs have been present since before the divergence of monocots from dicots. The results obtained show that differential losses of introns created gene diversity, which was followed by segmental and tandem duplication in plant PGs.

scholarly journals Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1-2 clinical trial (ABDALA Study).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Hernandez-Bernal ◽  
Maria del Carmen Ricardo-Cobas ◽  
Yenima Martin-Bauta ◽  
Zadis Navarro-Rodriguez ◽  
Marjoris Pinera-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Third

Aim: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (Abdala), administered intramuscularly in different strengths and vaccination schedules. Method: A phase 1-2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done. Subjects were randomly distributed in 3 groups: placebo, 25 and 50 μg RBD. The product was applied intramuscularly, 0.5 mL in the deltoid region. During the first phase, two immunization schedules were studied: short (0-14-28 days) and long (0-28-56 days). In phase 2, only the short scheme was evaluated. The main endpoints were: safety and proportion of subjects with seroconversion of anti-RBD IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected in several points according to the corresponding vaccination schedule to determine the level of RBD-specific IgG antibodies (seroconversion rates and geometric mean of the titers), the percentage of inhibition of RBD-ACE-2 binding and levels of neutralizing antibodies. Results: The product was well tolerated. Severe adverse events were not reported. Adverse reactions were minimal, mostly mild and local (from the injection site), resolved in the first 24-48 hours without medication. In phase 1, at day 56 (28 days after the third dose of the short vaccination schedule, 0-14-28 days) seroconversion of anti-RBD IgG was seen in 95.2 % of the participants (20/21) for the 50 μg group and 81 % of the participants (17/21) for the 25 μg group, and none in the placebo group (0/22); whereas neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were seen in 80 % of the participants (8/10) for the 50 μg group and 94.7% of the participants (18/19) for the 25 μg group. For the long schedule, at day 70 (14 days after the third dose) seroconversion of anti-RBD IgG was seen in 100% of the participants (21/21) for the 50 μg group and 94.7% of the participants (18/19) for the 25 μg group, and none in the placebo group (0/22); whereas neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were seen in 95 % of the participants (19/20) for the 50 μg group and 93.8% of the participants (15/16) for the 25 μg group In phase 2, at day 56 seroconversion of anti-RBD IgG was seen in 89.2% of the participants (214/240) for the 50 μg group, 77.7% of the participants (185/238) for the 25 μg group, and 4.6% in the placebo group (11/239); whereas neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were seen in 97.3% of the participants (146/150) for the 50 μg group and 95.1% of the participants (58/61) for the 25 μg group. Conclusion: Abdala vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was safe, well tolerated and induced humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 among adults from 19 to 80 years of age.

III. Metallurgy: The proposed French metallurgy programme for Spacelab

1978 ◽  
Vol 361 (1705) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Zero Gravity ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Space Experiments ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The call for ideas for the first Spacelab payload issued from the European Space Agency (E.S.A.) obtained in France a fairly high level of success from the government agencies but almost no answers from the industrial community. This situation, which arose despite knowledge of some early but very promising results of the first space experiments, seems to be correlated with the absence of any guarantee about the future Law of Space, and consequently has orientated the French metallurgy experiments to more academic and less applied speculations. We shall describe the actions of the French Space Agency (C.N.E.S.) to decide which experiments would be officially supported by C.N.E.S. if accepted by E.S.A. In the particular field of metallurgy, six proposals were so selected which have been proposed to E.S.A. for the first Spacelab payload. We shall present the arguments which defended those proposals and as a function of the preliminary analysis of some similar U.S. experiments we shall try to detect some of the possible difficulties in performing them and to foresee the main results which we expect. Special emphasis will be laid on the thermodiffusion and nucleation experiments, the study of which is basic for many crystal growth or metallurgy experiments in a zero-gravity environment.

Benefits of Using Innovative Tools for Diagnostics and Planning in ESA Mission Operations

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166
Author(s):  
Alessandro Donati ◽  
◽  
Jose Antonio Martinez-Heras ◽  
Nicola Policella
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Space Operations ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Level Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mission Operations ◽  
Operational Impact

Future European Space Agency (ESA) space missions are demanding and driving new operations concepts for increased on-board autonomy, for flexible and robust planning and scheduling services, and for ground capabilities to agglomerate and process a huge amount of downlinked data (e.g., tens of thousands of telemetry parameters) to extract high-level information and knowledge. Mission control will have to cope with maintaining and programming challenging missions such as interplanetary probes, complex scientific missions, and a constellation of earth-observation missions. The process of innovation in these areas is already progressing at the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the ESA, and this paper highlights specific achievements and trends in the area of spacecraft diagnosis and mission planning and scheduling by making use of a variety of technologies and techniques. The discussion then focuses on the tools’ operational impact and on the expected trends in the future.

scholarly journals Enabling the sustainable space era by developing the infrastructure for a space economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Anglada-Escudé
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Space Economy

AbstractThe world is changing fast, and so is the space sector. Planning for large scientific experiments two decades ahead may no longer be the most sensible approach. I develop the argument that large science experiments are becoming comparable to terrestrial civil infrastructures in terms of cost. As a result, these should incorporate plans for a return on investment (or impact, not necessarily economic), require a different approach for inter-division coordination within the European Space Agency (ESA), and a broader participation of all society stakeholders (civil society representatives, and the broader public). Defining which experiments will be relevant two decades ahead adds rigidity and quenches creativity to the development of cutting edge science and technology. This is likely to discourage both senior and earlier career professionals into supporting such long-term (and often precarious) plans. A more sensible strategy would be increasing the rate of smaller well understood experiments, engage more society sectors in the development of a truly space-bound infrastructure, and formulate a strategy more in tune with the challenges faced by our society and planet. We argue that such strategy would lead to equally large -even larger- scale experiments in the same time-scale, while providing economic returns and a common sense of purpose. A basic but aggressive road map is outlined.

Long-Term Memory of Pigeons for Stimulus-Outcome Associations Involving Multiple Stimuli, each Seen in a Single Brief Trial

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2b) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan M. Macphail ◽  
Steve Reilly ◽  
Mark Good
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Experiment 1 explored performance of pigeons in two versions of a shortterm recognition memory procedure. In one version responding to entirely novel slides was rewarded, and responding to familiar slides (slides seen once, for 10 sec) was not rewarded; in the other version, responding to familiar slides was rewarded. Performance was initially below chance in both versions of the procedure. This result indicated that in this procedure associations were formed between the slides and the outcome (reward or non-reward) that followed their presentation. The result also suggested that the true capacity of pigeon recognition memory cannot be assessed using these procedures, as performance is inevitably disrupted by the bird's associative memory. The tendency of pigeons to form one-trial associations was exploited in Experiment 2. Phase 1 consisted of 16 two-session cycles: in Session 1 of each cycle, birds were shown 20 novel slides and were rewarded for responding to 10 of those slides; in Session 2, the same slides were shown again, with the same reinforcement contingencies. The birds showed significant overnight retention of the one-trial associations formed in Session 1 of each cycle. Phase 2 showed significant retention over periods of more than 20 days of associations involving 320 slides seen twice only. Phase 3 re-exposed for nine daily sessions one of the sets of 20 slides used in Phases 1 and 2; a high level of discrimination emerged rapidly and 4 (of 8) birds showed, by the end of training, no overlap in response rates to positive and negative slides. Comparative implications of the results are discussed.

Estudo Comparativo Entre o Concreto Leve de PET e o Concreto Leve de EPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dieison De Souza Lima ◽  
Emily Do Amaral ◽  
Kauana Gabriela Rocha De Lima ◽  
Rafael Capellari Fumegali ◽  
Thiago Dias Do Espírito Santo
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plastic Containers

A geração de grandes volumes de resíduos sólidos tem sido um dos maiores problemas ambientais encontrados na atualidade e certamente o mais preocupante. Com o descarte inadequado de certos materiais, muita matéria-prima deixa de ser reaproveitada, como as embalagens plásticas pós-consumo de Politereftalato de Etileno – PET, um produto capaz de sobreviver mais de cem anos em condições adversas no meio ambiente. Deste modo, com o intuito de reciclar as embalagens de PET e ao mesmo tempo empregá-las na construção civil, foram realizados ensaios de concreto utilizando o PET como matéria-prima na fabricação de concreto leve, comparando suas características com traços de concretos leves tradicionais confeccionados com Poliestireno Expandido – EPS, conhecido como isopor. Foram fabricados na Fase 1, corpos de prova dos traços de concreto com EPS para avaliar os parâmetros iniciais, os métodos de dosagem e a definição do traço referência. Com o traço referência definido foi fabricado um concreto leve apenas com PET buscando obter características similares ao do traço com EPS. Na Fase 2, foram fabricados a partir do traço referência quatro tipos de concreto leve, o primeiro com PET, o segundo de PET com aditivo Bianco, buscando melhor aderência entre a argamassa e o PET, o terceiro com EPS e o quarto de EPS com aditivo Bianco. As amostras foram caracterizadas pelos ensaios de compressão, densidade e absorção de água. Com os resultados pode-se perceber que os comportamentos dos traços de concreto leves se assemelham visualmente, diferenciando apenas em seus pesos e resistências à compressão. Palavras-chave: Concreto Leve. EPS. Isopor. PET. AbstractThe generation of large volumes of solid waste has been one of the biggest environmental problems found nowadays and certainly the most worrisome. With the inadequate disposal of certain materials, much of the raw material is no longer reused, such as the post-consumer plastic containers of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a product capable of surviving more than 100 years in adverse conditions in the environment. Therefore, in order to recycle PET containers and at the same time to use them in construction, concrete tests were carried out using PET as a raw material in the manufacture of lightweight concrete, comparing its characteristics with traditional lightweight concrete formula made with Expanded Polystyrene - EPS, known as Styrofoam. Phase 1 concrete test specimens with EPS were produced to evaluate the initial parameters, the dosing methods and the reference concrete formula. With the reference concrete formula defined, a lightweight concrete was fabricated with PET only to obtain similar characteristics to the concrete formula with EPS. In Phase 2, four types of lightweight concrete were manufactured from the reference concrete formula, the first with PET, the second from PET with Bianco additive, seeking better adhesion between the mortar and the PET, the third with EPS and the fourth EPS with additive Bianco. The samples were characterized by compression, density and water absorption tests. With the results it can be seen that the behavior of the lightweight concrete formula resembles visually, differentiating only in their weights and resistance to compression. Keywords: Lightweight Concrete. EPS. Styrofoam. PET.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ( SST CCI )

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Merchant ◽  
Owen Embury ◽  
Jonah Roberts‐Jones ◽  
Emma Fiedler ◽  
Claire E. Bulgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Change Initiative ◽  
Space Agency

7 Immunity, 7.9 OSS Nokalva, Inc. v European Space Agency , United States Third Circuit decision, 617 F.3d 756 (3d Cir. 2010)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon Kristen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Third ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Over Time

The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit rejected the long-held assumption that international organizations are entitled to absolute immunity under the domestic International Organizations Immunities Act (‘IOIA’). The legal question raised by this case is: does the language of the IOIA allow for the incorporation of subsequent changes to sovereign state immunity thereby conferring a restrictive, not absolute, immunity upon international organizations? The court applied the same concept of restrictive immunity to international organizations as has been developed and applied to sovereign states. This case has important implications for the evolution of immunities of international organizations over time.

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