scholarly journals Direct radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia: A regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model study

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (D20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing

scholarly journals Global and regional radiative forcing from 20 % reductions in BC, OC and SO<sub>4</sub> – an HTAP2 multi-model study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Weum Stjern ◽  
Bjørn Hallvard Samset ◽  
Gunnar Myhre ◽  
Huisheng Bian ◽  
Mian Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP) exercise, a range of global atmospheric general circulation and chemical transport models performed coordinated perturbation experiments with 20 % reductions in emissions of anthropogenic aerosols, or aerosol precursors, in a number of source regions. Here, we compare the resulting changes in the atmospheric load and vertically resolved profiles of black carbon (BC), organic aerosols (OA) and sulfate (SO4) from 10 models that include treatment of aerosols. We use a set of temporally, horizontally and vertically resolved profiles of aerosol forcing efficiency (AFE) to estimate the impact of emission changes in six major source regions on global radiative forcing (RF) pertaining to the direct aerosol effect. Results show that mitigations in South and East Asia have substantial impacts on the radiative budget in all investigated receptor regions, especially for BC. In Russia and the Middle East, more than 80 % of the forcing for BC and OA is due to extra-regional emission reductions. Similarly, for North America, BC emissions control in East Asia is found to be more important than domestic mitigations, which is consistent with previous findings. Comparing fully resolved RF calculations to RF estimates based on vertically averaged AFE profiles allows us to quantify the importance of vertical resolution to RF estimates. We find that locally in the source regions, a 20 % emission reduction strengthens the radiative forcing associated with SO4 by 25 % when including the vertical dimension, as the AFE for SO4 is strongest near the surface. Conversely, the local RF from BC weakens by 37 % since BC AFE is low close to the ground. The influence of inter-continental transport on BC forcing, however, is enhanced by one third when accounting for the vertical aspect, because long-range transport leads primarily to aerosol changes at high altitudes, where the BC AFE is strong.

scholarly journals Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 24085-24125 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Leibensperger ◽  
L. J. Mickley ◽  
D. J. Jacob ◽  
W.-T. Chen ◽  
J. H. Seinfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Direct Forcing

Abstract. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model combined with the GISS general circulation model to calculate the aerosol direct and indirect (warm cloud) radiative forcings from US anthropogenic sources over the 1950–2050 period, based on historical emission inventories and future projections from the IPCC A1B scenario. The aerosol simulation is evaluated with observed spatial distributions and 1980–2010 trends of aerosol concentrations and wet deposition in the contiguous US. The radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols is strongly localized over the eastern US. We find that it peaked in 1970–1990, with values over the eastern US (east of 100° W) of −2.0 W m−2 for direct forcing including contributions from sulfate (−2.0 W m−2), nitrate (−0.2 W m−2), organic carbon (−0.2 W m−2), and black carbon (+0.4 W m−2). The aerosol indirect effect is of comparable magnitude to the direct forcing. We find that the forcing declined sharply from 1990 to 2010 (by 0.8 W m−2 direct and 1.0 W m−2 indirect), mainly reflecting decreases in SO2 emissions, and project that it will continue declining post-2010 but at a much slower rate since US SO2 emissions have already declined by almost 60 % from their peak. This suggests that much of the warming effect of reducing US anthropogenic aerosol sources may have already been realized by 2010, however some additional warming is expected through 2020. The small positive radiative forcing from US BC emissions (+0.3 W m−2 over the eastern US in 2010) suggests that an emission control strategy focused on BC would have only limited climate benefit.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing Using Satellite Data in East Asia During 2001-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1062
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Jeong ◽  
Hak-Sung Kim ◽  
Joon-Tae Kim ◽  
Yong-Pil Park ◽  
Hyun-Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing

scholarly journals Sensitivity simulations with direct radiative forcing by aeolian dust during glacial cycles

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-193
Author(s):  
E. Bauer ◽  
A. Ganopolski
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing

Abstract. Possible feedback effects between aeolian dust, climate and ice sheets are studied for the first time with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity over the late Pleistocene period. Correlations between climate variables and dust deposits suggest that aeolian dust potentially plays an important role for the evolution of glacial cycles. Here climatic effects from the dust direct radiative forcing (DRF) caused by absorption and scattering of solar radiation are investigated. Key factors controlling the dust DRF are the atmospheric dust distribution and the absorption-scattering efficiency of dust aerosols. Effective physical parameters in the description of these factors are varied within uncertainty ranges known from available data and detailed model studies. Although the parameters are reasonably constrained by use of these studies, the simulated dust DRF spans a wide uncertainty range related to nonlinear dependencies. In our simulations, the dust DRF is highly localized. Medium-range parameters result in negative DRF of several W m−2 in regions close to major dust sources and negligible values elsewhere. In case of high absorption efficiency, the local dust DRF can reach positive values and the global mean DRF can be insignificantly small. In case of low absorption efficiency, the dust DRF can produce a significant global cooling in glacial periods which leads to a doubling of the maximum glacial ice volume relative to the case with small dust DRF. DRF-induced temperature and precipitation changes can either be attenuated or amplified through a feedback loop involving the dust cycle. The sensitivity experiments suggest that depending on dust optical parameters the DRF has the potential to either damp or reinforce glacial–interglacial climate changes.

scholarly journals Contrasting the direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing of aerosols

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 5513-5527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Heald ◽  
D. A. Ridley ◽  
J. H. Kroll ◽  
S. R. H. Barrett ◽  
K. E. Cady-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing

Abstract. The direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosols, which is the instantaneous radiative impact of all atmospheric particles on the Earth's energy balance, is sometimes confused with the direct radiative forcing (DRF), which is the change in DRE from pre-industrial to present-day (not including climate feedbacks). In this study we couple a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with a radiative transfer model (RRTMG) to contrast these concepts. We estimate a global mean all-sky aerosol DRF of −0.36 Wm−2 and a DRE of −1.83 Wm−2 for 2010. Therefore, natural sources of aerosol (here including fire) affect the global energy balance over four times more than do present-day anthropogenic aerosols. If global anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and their precursors continue to decline as projected in recent scenarios due to effective pollution emission controls, the DRF will shrink (−0.22 Wm−2 for 2100). Secondary metrics, like DRE, that quantify temporal changes in both natural and anthropogenic aerosol burdens are therefore needed to quantify the total effect of aerosols on climate.

Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing over Shandong Peninsula in East Asia from 2004 to 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin-Yuan ◽  
Zhang Qing ◽  
Gong Chong-Shui ◽  
Wang Yue-Si ◽  
Du Wu-Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing
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