scholarly journals A survey of streamer and diffuse glow dynamics observed in sprites using telescopic imagery

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (A11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Gerken
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Glow

scholarly journals Manifestations of global disturbances of the geomagnetic field in dynamics of thunderstorms

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
Н.С. Хаердинов ◽  
Д.Д. Джаппуев ◽  
К.Д. Канониди ◽  
А.У. Куджаев ◽  
А.С. Лидванский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Electrical State ◽  
Diffuse Glow ◽  
Shower Array

Используя метод диагностики электрического состояния грозовой атмосферы по вариациям вторичных частиц космических лучей, регистрируемых установкой «Ковёр» БНО ИЯИ РАН, обнаружено явление взаимного влияния магнитосферной бури и грозовой активности. Установлено, что во время магнитосферных суббурь малой мощности, на предварительной стадии и в начале фазы развития, возможно проникновение магнитосферно — ионосферных возмущений на средние широты (∼40° с.ш.) над грозовыми очагами. Этот эффект проявляется в виде диффузного свечения типа «полярное сияние» яркостью ∼3 ·10-4 кд·м-² и локальных возмущений электрического поля с характерной разностью потенциалов в тропосфере ±100 МВ. Зарегистрировано локальное магнитное возмущение (∼1 нТл), соответствующее возникновению локального вертикального тока в атмосфере, максимум которого совпал с началом взрывной фазы зарождения суббури. Using the method of diagnosing the electrical state of a thunderstorm atmosphere by variations of the secondary particles of cosmic rays recorded by the Carpet air shower array of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (North Caucasus), the phenomenon of the mutual influence of a magnetic storm and thunderstorm activity was discovered. It has been established that during magnetic substorms of low power, at the preliminary stage and at the beginning of the development phase, penetration of magnetospheric–ionospheric disturbances at mid latitudes (∼400 N) above lightning centers is possible. This effect manifests itself in the form of a diffuse glow of the aurora type with a brightness of ∼3 ·10-4 cd·m-² and local disturbances of the electric field with a characteristic potential difference in the troposphere of order of  ±100 MV. A local magnetic disturbance (∼ 1 nT) was recorded, corresponding to the appearance of a local vertical current in the atmosphere, whose maximum coincided with the beginning of the expansion phase of substorm nucleation.

Parametric Study of the Current–Voltage Characteristics of a 100-mbar DC Discharge in Argon: From the Diffuse Glow Discharge to the Arc Regime

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400-2407
Author(s):  
Romaric Landfried ◽  
Richard Andlauer ◽  
Philippe Dessante ◽  
Michael J. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Thierry Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Dc Discharge ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Diffuse Glow

Specific features of the current-voltage characteristics of diffuse glow discharges in Ar:N2 mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyatko ◽  
Yu. Z. Ionikh ◽  
A. V. Meshchanov ◽  
A. P. Napartovich ◽  
K. A. Barzilovich
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharges ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Diffuse Glow

scholarly journals The Development of Spark Discharges in Hydrogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Cavenor ◽  
J Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Spark Discharges ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Diffuse Glow

Streak photography has been used to supplement the earlier shutter photo. graphic investigation of Doran and Meyer (1967) using the same coaxial cable discharge circuit. Additional information has also been obtained from measurement of the potential distribution between the electrodes at two stages in the spark development. Redistribution of space charge is shown to give rise firstly to a transient diffuse glow discharge that has a close similarity with a normal d.c. glow discharge. It has also been shown that, even while the diffuse glow discharge expands, a partial constriction occurs in which most of the current flows along a narrow axial column. The resulting maximum in electron density eventually causes a rapid increase in dissociation of molecular hydrogen on the axis of the discharge brought about by a rise in the gas temperature. Owing to its greater electrical conductivity this axial column soon carries the entire current and the discharge becomes filamentary though still being maintained by a high cathode fall field, which exists until a sudden change in the cathode mechanism gives rise to the low voltage arc channel. Both the filamentary glow and arc columns are observed to expand according to an r cc ti law.

Characteristics of ozone generation by a diffuse glow discharge at atmospheric pressure using a double discharge method

1999 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Hakiai ◽  
Satoshi Ihara ◽  
Saburoh Satoh ◽  
Chobei Yamabe
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ozone Generation ◽  
Diffuse Glow ◽  
Discharge Method ◽  
Double Discharge

UV Photoemission Study of Defect States in Polyethylene Films

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pong ◽  
D. Brandt ◽  
A. Sato ◽  
W. Imaino ◽  
M. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
Contact Charging ◽  
Gold Substrates ◽  
Photoemission Study ◽  
Diffuse Glow ◽  
Reduced Pressures ◽  
Photoemission Threshold

ABSTRACTPhotoemission from evaporated Polyethylene films was measured in the spectral region between 6 and 11 eV. A significant increase in photoemission yield was observed after the films were exposed to O2 and to air containing ozone and ions from a diffuse glow discharge at reduced pressures. The enhancement can be attributed to oxygen and ozone reacting with the defects in the evaporated polyethylene films, which are unsaturated carbon double bonds in the polyethylene chain. For the ozonized polymer films deposited on gold substrates, the photoelectron spectra show a relatively high density of occupied states at 6.8 ± 0.3 eV below the vacuum level of the polymer and a photoemission threshold of 3.8 ± 0.3 eV. The implication of the results to contact charging of polyethylene is discussed.

Correlation of the formative time lags with the light emitted from spark discharges

1964 ◽  
Vol 278 (1373) ◽  
pp. 188-213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lags ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Spark Discharges ◽  
Logarithmic Plot ◽  
Formative Time ◽  
Atomic Lines ◽  
Band Spectra ◽  
Spark Channel ◽  
Diffuse Glow ◽  
Different Gases

Measurements of the formative time lags in homogeneous fields for different gases up to pd values of 3000 mmHg cm have been made. For overvolted gaps in dry air and oxygen a discontinuity is found in the logarithmic plot of overvoltage against formative time. This is considered to be evidence of a transition from a Townsend- to a streamer-type of discharge. No definite sign of this change has been found in hydrogen, nitrogen and pure argon. Additional evidence that the discontinuity is the transition from one initiating mechanism to another is obtained from still photographs of the sparks. These indicate that at low values of overvoltage the discharge consists of a diffuse glow and spark channel while the streamer initiated spark has a narrow constricted glow. The position of the bright constriction or knob in the gap varies with overvoltage and its position agrees with the value predicted by the Meek criterion αx crit. = 20. The value of overvoltage at which the transition occurs decreases with pd and is about 5 % at pd = 1000 mm Hg cm and 1-5 % at pd = 3000 mmHg cm. By extrapolation it seems unlikely that the streamer mechanism will occur at minimum break-down for pd values less than 7000 mmHg cm. Oscillographic studies have shown that the disappearance of the glow to arc step is not always a satisfactory Townsend to streamer criterion. Spectra of the sparks in air show a continuum associated with the constriction in the streamer together with bright atomic lines and weakening of the band spectra.

scholarly journals Characteristics of NO Treatment by a Diffuse Glow Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Hakiai ◽  
Naoki Taniguchi ◽  
Satoshi Ihara ◽  
Saburoh Satoh ◽  
Chobei Yamabe
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Diffuse Glow

Optical discrimination of sprite and lightning by use of green light from ~495-505 nm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ghilain ◽  
Martin Fullekrug ◽  
Francisco José Gordillo Vazquez ◽  
Aleksandrs Sergejevs
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Diffuse Glow

<p>Sprites are transient illuminations of the middle atmosphere above thunderclouds which often occur after intense lightning discharges. Here we report optical recordings of sprites and lightning taken with a video camera and photometers in northern Colombia during October 2019.</p><p>Optical observations of sprites are often superimposed on the scattered light produced by the parent lightning discharge. This superposition of two optical sources can result in a misinterpretation of the photometer recordings, for example the determination of the rise time of an optical waveform.</p><p>Here we propose to use the green light emissions from ~495-505 nm to discriminate between sprite and lightning. This experimental discrimination has become possible because recent modeling studies suggest that lightning emits green light whilst sprite do not emit green light (Gordillo Vazquez et al., 2011; Xue et al., 2015).</p><p>The optical signals are detected by a white light video camera and a photometer which is fitted with a ~495-505 nm band pass filter to detect green light. The observed lightning discharges are characterized by significant green emissions in the ~495-505 nm wavelength band. These green emissions are part of the diffuse glow detected by the video camera which is caused by the scattered light from the lightning discharge. This light is scattered during its propagation through the atmosphere which is most likely caused by aerosols, for example related to the ambient humidity and dust. The majority of sprite observations are contaminated by such a diffuse glow with significant ~495-505 nm emissions. The observation of one particular sprite does not exhibit any significant ~495-505 nm emissions and it is therefore attributed to a ‘pure sprite’. The rise time of these optical emissions and the characteristics of other wavelengths recorded by several photometers will be reported for this particularly pure sprite event.</p><p>The knowledge gained from these ground-based observations may assist the interpretation of measurements with photometers onboard the ASIM payload on the International Space Station and the forthcoming TARANIS satellite.   </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Gordillo-Vazquez, F.J., Luque, A. and Simek, M.(2011). Spectrum of sprite halos. Journal of Geophysical research, <strong>116</strong>, A09319. doi: 10.1029/2011JA016652.</p><p>Xue, S., Yuan, P., Cen, J., Li, Y. and Wang, X.(2015). Spectral observations of a natural bipolar cloud-to-ground lightning. Geophysical Research Letters, <strong>120</strong>, 1972–1979. doi:10.1002/2014JD022598</p>

scholarly journals An Experimental Test of the Streamer Breakdown Criterion

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Cavenor
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Potential ◽  
Electron Avalanches ◽  
Spark Channel ◽  
Diffuse Glow ◽  
Streamer Breakdown

The filamentary spark channel, resulting from the electrical breakdown of a gas, generally forms in one of two ways. At voltages close to the minimum breakdown potential the spark channel has been shown to develop from the constriction of the diffuse glow discharge formed from the superposition of many generations of electron avalanches (Cavenor and Meyer 1969).

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