Water sources in semiarid northeast Asia as revealed by field observations and isotope transport model

Abstract. Extremely high levels of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) were detected in August and September 2013 over northeast Asia (∼  20 ppb above the averaged summertime XCH4 over 2009–2012, after removing a long-term trend), as being retrieved from the Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) spectral data observed with the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Similar enhancements of XCH4 were also observed by the ground-based measurements at two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites in Japan. The analysis of surface CH4 concentrations observed at three monitoring sites around the Japan archipelago suggest that the extreme increase of XCH4 has occurred in a limited area. The model analysis was conducted to investigate this anomalously high XCH4 event, using an atmospheric transport model. The results indicate that the extreme increase of XCH4 is attributed to the anomalous atmospheric pressure pattern over East Asia during the summer of 2013, which effectively transported the CH4-rich air to Japan from the strong CH4 source areas in east China. The two Japanese TCCON sites, ∼  1000 km east–west apart each other, coincidentally located along the substantially CH4-rich air flow from east China. This analysis demonstrates the capability of GOSAT to monitor an XCH4 event on a synoptic scale. We anticipate that the synoptic information of XCH4 from GOSAT data contributes to improve our understanding of regional carbon cycle and the regional flux estimation.

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Three-dimensional water-quality-transport model compared with field observations

Ecological Modelling ◽

10.1016/0304-3800(86)90063-3 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (1-4) ◽

pp. 185-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Markku Virtanen ◽

Jorma Koponen ◽

Kim Dahlbo ◽

Juha Sarkkula

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Transport Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Field Observations

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Geologi Situs Benteng Saksi Dan Kuripan Saka, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

PANALUNGTIK ◽

10.24164/pnk.v4i1.47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wahyul Falah ◽

Prasetyaningsih ◽

Nanang Saptono ◽

Endang Widyastuti ◽

Rusyanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Field Survey ◽

Water Sources ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Average Height ◽

Field Observations ◽

Morphological Unit ◽

Geological Map ◽

Map Data ◽

Rock Lithology

The sites of Benteng Saksi and Kuripan Saka are the center of settlement or the capital of Keratuan Darah Putih. The research was conducted in Kuripan Village, Penengahan District, South Lampung Regency. The research objective was to determine the factors causing the sites of Benteng Saksi and Kuripan Saka suitable for settlements. The method used is a field survey and interpretation of geological map data. The results of field observations and mapping showed that the areas of the sites of Benteng Saksi and Kuripan Saka were included in the morphological unit of undulating plains with an average height of 50 m above sea level consisting of tertiary-quaternary and alluvial volcanoclastic deposits. The rock lithology found was Breccia Rocks from the eruption of Rajabasa Volcano and Tufan Sandstones. Based on the analysis of basic physical aspects of the area such as the physical characteristics of the rocks, morphological conditions, availability of water sources, and disaster factors in the area of Benteng Saksi and Kuripan Saka sites, it does not indicate any problems in terms of the basic physical aspects of the area.

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The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) – Part 2: Model sensitivity to the biomass burning inventories

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-5785-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 5785-5795 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

K. M. Longo ◽

S. R. Freitas ◽

M. O. Andreae ◽

A. Setzer ◽

E. Prins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Transport Model ◽

Atmospheric Modeling ◽

Field Observations ◽

Tracer Transport ◽

Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽

Fire Emissions ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Regional Atmospheric Modeling

Abstract. We describe an estimation technique for biomass burning emissions in South America based on a combination of remote-sensing fire products and field observations, the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM). For each fire pixel detected by remote sensing, the mass of the emitted tracer is calculated based on field observations of fire properties related to the type of vegetation burning. The burnt area is estimated from the instantaneous fire size retrieved by remote sensing, when available, or from statistical properties of the burn scars. The sources are then spatially and temporally distributed and assimilated daily by the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) in order to perform the prognosis of related tracer concentrations. Three other biomass burning inventories, including GFEDv2 and EDGAR, are simultaneously used to compare the emission strength in terms of the resultant tracer distribution. We also assess the effect of using the daily time resolution of fire emissions by including runs with monthly-averaged emissions. We evaluate the performance of the model using the different emission estimation techniques by comparing the model results with direct measurements of carbon monoxide both near-surface and airborne, as well as remote sensing derived products. The model results obtained using the 3BEM methodology of estimation introduced in this paper show relatively good agreement with the direct measurements and MOPITT data product, suggesting the reliability of the model at local to regional scales.

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The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) – Part 2: Model sensitivity to the biomass burning inventories

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-7-8571-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 8571-8595 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

K. M. Longo ◽

S. R. Freitas ◽

A. Setzer ◽

E. Prins ◽

P. Artaxo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Transport Model ◽

Atmospheric Modeling ◽

Field Observations ◽

Tracer Transport ◽

Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽

Near Surface ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Regional Atmospheric Modeling

Abstract. We describe an estimation technique for biomass burning emissions in South America based on a combination of remote sensing fire products and field observations. For each fire pixel detected by remote sensing, the mass of the emitted tracer is calculated based on field observations of fire properties related to the type of vegetation burning. The burnt area is estimated from the instantaneous fire size retrieved by remote sensing, when available, or from statistical properties of the burn scars. The sources are then spatially and temporally distributed and assimilated daily by the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) in order to perform the prognostic of related tracer concentrations. Two other biomass burning inventories are simultaneously used to compare the emission strength in terms of the resultant tracer distribution. Several evaluations of the model with the three emission estimations were performed, comparing results with direct measurements of carbon monoxide both near-surface and airborne, as well as remote sensing derived products. Model results with the methodology of estimation introduced in this paper show a relatively good agreement with the direct measurements and MOPITT data product; pointing out the reliability of the model from local to regional scales.

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Spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship of sulfur in Northeast Asia

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-10-30089-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 30089-30127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Kajino ◽

H. Ueda ◽

K. Sato ◽

T. Sakurai

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Transport Model ◽

Northeast Asia ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Horizontal Distribution ◽

Central China ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Region Ii

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the source–receptor relationship (SRR) of sulfur over Northeast Asia was examined using an off-line coupled meteorological/chemical transport model (MM5/RAQM). The simulation was conducted for the entire year of 2002. The results were evaluated using monitoring data for six remote stations of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The modeled SO2 and O3 concentrations agreed well with the observations quantitatively. The modeled aerosol and wet deposition fluxes of SO42− were underestimated by 30% and 50%, respectively, whereas the modeled precipitation was overestimated by 1.6 to 1.9 times. The domain was divided into 5 source–receptor regions: I, North China; II, Central China; III, South China; IV, South Korea; and V, Japan. The sulfur deposition in each receptor region amounted to about 50–75% of the emissions from the same region. The largest contribution to the deposition in each region was the domestic origin, accounting for 53–84%. The second largest contribution after the domestic origin was due to region II, supplying 14–43%, outside region II itself. The spatial distributions of the SRRs revealed that subregional values varied by about two times more than regional averages due to nonuniformity across the deposition fields. Examining the spatial distributions of the deposition fields was important for identifying subregional areas where the deposition was highest within a receptor region. The horizontal distribution changed substantially according to season.

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Phase and compositional evolution of the flooded layer during snow-ice formation on Antarctic sea ice

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756401781818860 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ted Maksym ◽

Martin O. Jeffries

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Oxygen Isotope ◽

Transport Model ◽

Convective Transport ◽

Ice Formation ◽

Field Observations ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Compositional Evolution ◽

Antarctic Sea Ice ◽

Oxygen Isotope Ratios

AbstractA two-dimensional convective transport model has been been developed to investigate the phase and compositional evolution of a flooded slush layer overlying sea ice. The processes governing the solutal and compositional evolution of the flooded layer are investigated in an attempt to explain field observations of salinity and oxygen isotope ratios. Simulations indicate fairly vigorous convective transport in the slush layer, which may lead to the formation of porous channels, depending on permeability. It is found that the salinity and δ18O composition of the freezing slush layer is determined primarily by the sea-ice permeability. Simulated salinity and δ18O profiles produce varied results, though consistent with observations. The influence of the slush on the salinity and δ18O composition of the underlying ice was found to be minimal.

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Modeling wet deposition and concentration of inorganics over Northeast Asia with MRI-PM/c

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-5-1363-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1363-1375 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Kajino ◽

M. Deushi ◽

T. Maki ◽

N. Oshima ◽

Y. Inomata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Climate Model ◽

Transport Model ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Northeast Asia ◽

Tropospheric Chemistry ◽

Scale Model ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Gaseous Species

Abstract. We conducted a regional-scale simulation over Northeast Asia for the year 2006 using an aerosol chemical transport model, with time-varying lateral and upper boundary concentrations of gaseous species predicted by a global stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry-climate model. The present one-way nested global-through-regional-scale model is named the Meteorological Research Institute–Passive-tracers Model system for atmospheric Chemistry (MRI-PM/c). We evaluated the model's performance with respect to the major anthropogenic and natural inorganic components, SO42−, NH4+, NO3−, Na+ and Ca2+ in the air, rain and snow measured at the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) stations. Statistical analysis showed that approximately 40–50 % and 70–80 % of simulated concentration and wet deposition of SO42−, NH4+, NO3−and Ca2+ are within factors of 2 and 5 of the observations, respectively. The prediction of the sea-salt originated component Na+ was not successful at near-coastal stations (where the distance from the coast ranged from 150 to 700 m), because the model grid resolution (Δx=60 km) is too coarse to resolve it. The simulated Na+ in precipitation was significantly underestimated by up to a factor of 30.

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Spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship of sulfur in Northeast Asia

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-11-6475-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6475-6491 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Kajino ◽

H. Ueda ◽

K. Sato ◽

T. Sakurai

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Transport Model ◽

Northeast Asia ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Horizontal Distribution ◽

Central China ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Meteorological Model ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship (SRR) of sulfur over Northeast Asia was examined using a chemical transport model (RAQM) off-line coupled with a meteorological model (MM5). The simulation was conducted for the entire year of 2002. The results were evaluated using monitoring data for six remote stations of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The modeled SO2 and O3 concentrations agreed well with the observations quantitatively. The modeled aerosol and wet deposition fluxes of SO42− were underestimated by 30 % and 50 %, respectively. The domain was divided into 5 source-receptor regions: (I) North China; (II) Central China; (III) South China; (IV) South Korea; and (V) Japan. The sulfur deposition in each receptor region amounted to about 50–75 % of the emissions from the same region. The largest contribution to the deposition in each region was originated from the same region, accounting for 53–84 %. The second largest contribution was due to Region II, supplying 14–43 %. The spatial distributions of the SRRs revealed that subregional values varied by about two times more than regional averages due to nonuniformity across the deposition fields. Examining the spatial distributions of the deposition fields was important for identifying subregional areas where the deposition was highest within a receptor region. The horizontal distribution changed substantially according to season.

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