Perniagaan Bahari Sriwijaya Pada Masa Dinasti Song

This paper is a study of the book Chu-fan-chi compiled by Chau Ju-Kua (Zhao Rugua) from 1208 to 1224 or when he was an official at the customs office (Shi-po-shi) of Quanzhou Port. Chu-fan-chi can be considered as documentation of the Trans-Asian maritime trade during the time of the Buddhist Cosmopolis. This period was an era that formed an Asia Civilization with the establishment of economic, political, cultural, and scientific cooperation that grew along with the development of Hindu-Buddhist Religion in the Sino-Indian region since the 7th century. This paper wants to provide an overview of how the conditions of trade routes and activities in Sriwijaya in the 10th to 13th centuries, which is the information from Chau Ju-Kua that describe the dynamic relationship between Sriwijaya and the Song Dynasty in the formation of maritime history and the spice trade in the archipelago. This study also aims to re-examine the bilateral relationship between China and Srivijaya during the heyday of the Buddhist Cosmopolitan period. This study is expected to redevelop historiographic studies of the Buddhist Cosmopolitan period. This study was compiled by collecting data from various historical and archaeological records and works that have been compiled in various secondary sources, especially from the records of Sinology scholars who have studied relics in the form of government reports, travel records, documentation, and journals originating from the Song Dynasty. According to a Chau Ju-Kua, Sriwijaya not just only sought to profit from the hectic trade traffic that crossed the Natuna Sea, Karimata Strait, Malacca Strait, and Sunda Straits, but Sriwijaya was also able to maintain the security and continuity of Trans-Asian trade traffic at that time.

Jejak Manajemen Air di Masa Hindia-Belanda; Identifikasi Saluran Air di kawasan Stasiun Bogor

This article describes the identification of the trace of the water management system during the Dutch East Indies era, in the form of a water channel found in the Bogor Station area. The analysis will be viewed from the spatial context; the significance of the water channel with the nearest river, the significance of the water channel to the nearest public facility, and its relevance to the racial urban space in Bogor. This research used a historical method that consists of four stages; heuristics, critics, interpretation, and historiography. Observations were made to explain the physical form and the estimated period of water channel construction. The results showed that the water channel near the Bogor Station was made with modern technology. In the past, the channel may have functioned as drainage that connected to the Ci Pakancilan. The location of the waters channel adjacent to public facilities and government administrative centers showed the accuracy of the Department of Public Works in anticipating floods and puddles in the area of European activity.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kina Masa Lampau dan Pengembangannya

As of today, quinine plants are still found in the Bukit Unggul Plantation, Bandung Regency, which is part of PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Quinine is processed in the processing plant located in Bukit Unggul. In general, people have known quinine as an anti-malarial drug in which the ingredients were taken from the bark of the quinine tree trunk, afterward it becomes waste. In the past, quinine waste was used as firewood and building material for offices, factories, and homes for plantation worker. In its development, there were those who use quinine waste to make furniture to meet their own needs. The results showed that the previous idea of using quinine waste inspired people in the future to utilize and develop quinine waste into furniture, in a sense of worth-selling furniture. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utilization of quinine waste in the past and its development. This is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation studies. The conclusion of the study is that the discourse about quinine became widespread, not only limited to medicine, but also building materials and crafts.

Pemilihan Lokasi Pusat-Pusat Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Ciamis Pada Abad XVI -XIX

Sundanese people have knowledge about settlement patterns called Warugan Lemah (WL). The WL describes the pattern of land and settlements and their good and bad effects. This study aims to discuss the implementation of WL in four government centers in the past in the Ciamis Regency area. The four government centers are Kawasen, Imbangara, Utama, and Bojonglopang. This study is descriptive in nature which begins with data collection through library research, field observations, and interviews. The next is data analysis and interpretation to produce conclusions. Based on the study, it was obtained an overview of the implementation of WL in the four government centers in the past in Ciamis Regency.

Army Dock, Konstruksi Bangunan Pendaratan Sekutu Pada Perang Pasifik di Pulau Morotai

The Pacific War, it is a sad history of humanity for most people, especially war veterans. Their stories passed on to the younger generation, many stories and tales were recorded: starting from preparations for war, war strategies, the course of war and the liberation of a colony from invaders is interesting to listen to. Army dock is one of the remnants of the Pacific War on Morotai Island which is an important part of the history. It’s existence not only describes the Allies landing process to liberate the island from Japanese rule, it is also a historical source of Indonesia's involvement in the Pacific War arena. It is possible, because the Allies and the Japanese took advantage of the natural resources of Morotai Island to build various infrastructure needed for war, including the Army dock. The army dock was built composition of building materials by utilizing existing materials in the coastal areas of the island, namely limestone reef. This initial step of the Allies strategy finally succeeded in liberating Morotai Island from Japanese occupation, from here later grew the construction of other military facilities and infrastructure that were built to prepare to retake the Philippine island of Mindanao, the largest military base outside Japan. How the Army dock was built and its function in the past, is a problem that will be answered in this paper. In order to answer these problems, the observation method is used through field surveys and library data searches.

Identifikasi Temuan Arca di Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya

Sculptures are archaeological relic that are frequently found. Sculptures from the Hindu-Buddhist period often serves as a medium for worshipping. The characters depicted in the sculpture can be of gods and their pantheons, some are in the form of kings who are depicted as gods. In the area of Karangnunggal, Tasikmalaya, sculpture made of stone were found on a former plantation land that was used during the Dutch era. This article aims to provide an overview of the character that are depicted in the sculpture, the origin style of the creation, and when the sculpture was created. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a comparative approach. Based on its attributes, the Karangnunggal sculpture considered as a sculpture of embodiment. The figure that depicted was Dewi Parwati in Majapahit style. Based on the context of the findings, this sculpture indicates as an art item created at present time.

Lumpang Batu dan Batu Dakon di Kabupaten Lebak Banten: Indikasi Bercocok Tanam Masa Lampau

Lebak Regency is an area in the southern part of Banten Province which is fertile and dominated by agricultural land. The condition of Lebak in the past based on archaeological remains, especially megalithic remains, shows traces of farming. The traces of the megalithic remains in the form of mortars and dakon stones were obtained at three sites, namely the Gunung Anakan site, the Parigi Lebakbinong site, and the Pasir Nangka site. The problem raised in this paper is what is the function of the mortar stone and dakon stone for supporting communities in Lebak Banten. Knowledge of the function of mortar and dakon stone will be able to reconstruct the role of mortar and dakon stone in the past related to farming. This paper uses descriptive analytical methods and inductive reasoning with a material culture approach. The existence of mortar and dakon stone indicates subsistence based on agriculture or farming.

Jalur Kereta Api Karawang – Padalarang, Jalur Pintas Batavia - Bandung

The Batavia – Bandung rail way is part of the construction of the main rail way on the island of Java which connects the west coast with the east coast of Java. This rail way is also a link between Priangan and Tanjungpriuk port on the north coast of Java, and the port of Cilacap on the south coast of Java. This paper aims to describe the reasons for the construction of the Karawang – Padalarang rail way and the railway facilities built on this route. The method used to answer these problems is descriptive analysis method with a chorological approach. The construction of the Karawang – Padalarang route was an effort to shorten the distance and speed up the journey of Batavia Bandung, even though it had to overcome natural obstacles in the form of mountainous areas with deep and wide valleys and high hills. The condition of the natural environment of the natural environment requires the construction of long and high bridges and tunnels to penetrate the hills.

Evaluasi Pada Pengelolaan, Pemanfaatan, Dan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Berkelanjutan Pada Situs Majapahit, Trowulan

Archaeological remainin at Trowulan site, Mojokerto are one of the important assets in the world of Indonesia archaeology because it holds many valuable lessons from the past. Currently the Trowulan Site has not been able to show a big role for the wider community. This can be seen from the lack of awareness and socialization to the community. The problem raised in this study is how the implementation of management, utilization, and preservation is very necessary in establishing cooperation for the sustainability of archaeological remaining in heritage sites of the Majapahit Kingdom in Trowulan, Mojokerto. This study aims to see the implementation of the management, utilization, and preservation of the Majapahit Trowulan site as an archaeological site that has the potential to be developed. This study uses a descriptive analytic approach by observing the community around the Majapahit site in Trowulan. The data collection technique used a documentation study in the form of a map of the distribution of the Majapahit site in Trowulan and a literature study through previous research. The analysis used in this research is interactive analysis. The purpose of this study is to preserve the heritage sites of the Majapahit Kingdom by protecting the site such as rescue and security, zoning, maintenance and restoration for sustainable for generation to generation. These conservation efforts have been implemented but also still face a lot of obstacles such as human resources.

Gambaran Tentang Pemujaan Dalam Prasasti Batur Masa Majapahit

In general, the Batur inscription tells of the tradition of worshiping ancestors accompanied by the division of worship times among the descendants of their ancestors. Worship is carried out by the inhabitants of Kabuyutan Kalyasĕm and the mandalas around the Hyang Mountains. This study aims to determine the continuity of worship in the Hyang Mountains region along with the lives of its worshipers. The problem that will be discussed is how is the description of worship in the Batur inscription including chronology and who is the main character being worshiped? The conclusion of this research is that there is a continuity of worship as told in the Batur inscription that has been going on since the reign of Ratu Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, continuing during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk until the end of the Majapahit reign. Revered figures are the founders of Kabuyutan and the mandalas around the Hyang mountains with the main character who is worshiped is someone called Sang Hyang Kabuyutan i Kalyasĕm. The religions practiced by residents in religious places around the Hyang Mountains vary, namely: Hindu Saiwa, Indigenous Religions and Tantra. Other evidence to support the existence of worship as told in the Batur Inscription can be found in the Nagarakrtagama and Tantu Panggelaran Books. The method used is a qualitative method with a historical archaeological study consisting of several stages: data collection, source criticism, interpretation and historiography.