Pulmonary effects of short-term exposure to low levels of toluene diisocyanate in asymptomatic subjects

Controlled atmospheres (CA) have been used as auxiliary to refrigeration for the storage and transportation of food crops. Commodities sensitive to high levels of CO2 experience fermentation. This study was focused upon the effects of CO2-enriched atmospheres on ethanol (ETOH) accumulation as an indicator of the sensitivity of 22 different produce to short-term exposure to 30% CO2 in air for 2 days at 7C. Commodities were obtained from a wholesale or grocer supermarket. ETOH was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Differences in response to 30% CO2 in air were observed among commodities. Kiwi fruit and broccoli had initial low levels of ETOH, which greatly increased after the first day of storage. Cherries and spinach maintained approximately a constant increase in ETOH accumulation during the whole period of storage. Pickling cucumber and zucchini squash had high ETOH accumulation at the early period of storage, which was even higher by the second day of exposure to 30% CO2 in air. In most of the commodities under study ETOH accumulation increased as a response to 30% CO2 levels in air. There was no apparent influence of plant organ on ETOH accumulation.

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Down-regulation of the inflammatory response after short-term exposure to low levels of chemical vapours

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2018-105537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 482-487

Author(s):

Lena Ernstgård ◽

Matteo Bottai ◽

Gunnar Johanson ◽

Bengt Sjögren

Keyword(s):

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Short Term ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Serum Amyloid A Protein ◽

Low Levels ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Nose And Throat

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between signs and symptoms of irritation and biomarkers of inflammatory markers in blood in healthy volunteers exposed to different chemical vapours for 2 or 4 hours in an exposure chamber.MethodsThe investigated chemicals were: acetic acid (5 and 10 ppm), acrolein (0.05 and 0.1 ppm), 1,4-dioxane (20 ppm), n-hexanal (2 and 10 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (0.5 and 2.2 ppm), 2-propanol (150 ppm), m-xylene (50 ppm), standard and dearomatised white spirit (100 and 300 mg/m3). C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein and interleukin 6 were measured in plasma immediately before and 2 or 4 hours after the exposures. Symptoms were rated from 0 to 100 mm in Visual Analogue Scales and covered 10 questions whereof four related to irritation: discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and dyspnoea. The effect measurements included blink frequency by electromyography, nasal swelling by acoustic rhinometry and lung function by spirometry.ResultsLogistic quantile regression analyses revealed no significant associations except a negative relation between ratings of irritation and CRP.ConclusionThe results suggest a down-regulation of CRP after short-term exposure to low levels of vapours of irritating chemicals. This response might be mediated by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and further studies are recommended in order to refute or confirm this hypothesis.

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Effect of short-term exposure to low levels of gaseous pollutants on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2004.09.014 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Qiuying Yang ◽

Yue Chen ◽

Daniel Krewski ◽

Richard T. Burnett ◽

Yuanli Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Short Term ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Low Levels

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Influence of short-term exposure to low levels of 17α-ethynylestradiol on expression of genes involved in immunity and on immune parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 57-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sophie Massart ◽

Sylvain Milla ◽

Baptiste Redivo ◽

Enora Flamion ◽

S.N.M. Mandiki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Short Term ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Low Levels

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The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648027 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Charles A. Schiffer ◽

Caroline L. Whitaker ◽

Morton Schmukler ◽

Joseph Aisner ◽

Steven L. Hilbert

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Platelet Volume ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

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