Effects of maternal employment and child-care arrangements on preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral outcomes: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Baydar ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey

scholarly journals Is Maternal Income in Childhood Associated With Adolescent Health and Behavioral Outcomes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-928
Author(s):  
Megan Shepherd-Banigan ◽  
Anirban Basu ◽  
Janice F. Bell ◽  
Cathryn Booth-LaForce ◽  
Jeffrey R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Early Child Care

Maternal income increases immediate investment in children for food, child care, and health care, but whether maternal income influences longer term health and behavioral outcomes is unknown. Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we examine the association between maternal income in early and later childhood on body mass index percentile, problem behaviors, and self-reported health status at age 15 among a sample of children ( N = 1,283) whose mothers were employed at at least one observation time point between birth and age 15 (1991-2005). When controlling for family income (minus maternal income) and maternal employment characteristics, higher maternal income during early childhood was significantly associated with fewer adolescent problem behaviors. Maternal income during early childhood may influence adolescent behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest that increased maternal income, a positive externality of maternal employment, may increase the net benefit of maternal employment for child behavior.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e029584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Patil ◽  
Daniel A Enquobahrie ◽  
Trevor Peckham ◽  
Noah Seixas ◽  
Anjum Hajat
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Bargaining Unit ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Infant Low Birth Weight

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity.MethodsData were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adult Cohort. Employment precarity was evaluated using a summary variable that combined several employment attributes: availability of employer-sponsored insurance, income, long shifts, non-daytime shifts, availability of employer sponsored training or educational benefits and membership in a union or collective bargaining unit. Employment precarity scores (a sum of the number of negative employment attributes) were categorised into low (0–2), medium (3) and high (4-6). LBW was defined as weight less than 2500 g at birth. Modified Poisson models were fit to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs and adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, nativity, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy and infant year of birth. We assessed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity using a composite exposure-race variable.ResultsWomen with high employment precarity had higher risk of a LBW delivery compared with women with low employment precarity (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.98). Compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women with low employment precarity, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.15), Hispanic women (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.16) and non-Hispanic/non-black women (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.16) with high employment precarity had higher risk of LBW.ConclusionsWe observed higher risk of LBW in pregnancies of women with high employment precarity; this association was stronger among black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women. Findings of this study can be used to inform antenatal care and identify workplace policies to better support women who work during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Anita Minh ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Sander K. R. van Zon ◽  
Christopher B. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education And Employment

Adolescent depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower education and unemployment in early adulthood. This study examines how the course of symptoms from ages 16–25 influences early adult education and employment in Canada and the USA. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2348) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 Child/Young Adult (n = 3961), four trajectories (low-stable; increasing; decreasing; and increasing then decreasing, i.e., mid-peak) were linked to five outcomes (working with a post-secondary degree; a high school degree; no degree; in school; and NEET, i.e., not in employment, education, or training). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. Higher depressive symptom levels at various points between adolescent and adulthood are associated with working with low education and NEET in Canada and the USA, but Canadians are more likely to have better education and employment outcomes.

Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Register ◽  
Donald R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Productivity Effect ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Using Data

Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.

Effects of Child Care on Psychological Development: Issues and Future Directions for Research

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1070
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Friedman ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Deborah Vandell ◽  
Marsha Weinraub
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Study Child

Research about the effects of child care on the psychological development of children has been stimulated by social reality. Industrialized societies, including the US, have witnessed two simultaneous social trends: an increase in the number of mothers in the work force and a decrease in the age at which children enter child-care arrangements.1-3 These trends, in conjunction with cultural beliefs, psychological theories, and research findings emphasizing the important role of mothers in early child development,4-6 have motivated researchers to investigate the effects of maternal employment and of child care on the development of infants and older children. Issues facing developmental psychologists who study child care and its effect on children's development are theoretical, methodological, and budgetary. The waves of psychological research about child care1 reflect changes in conceptual emphasis: Originally, it seemed sufficient to compare children reared in any child-care context with those reared by the mother as the primary care provider. As the results from these investigations were accumulating, investigators recognized a need to focus on variations in the quality of child-care arrangements and to relate these to children's psychological development. Because of issues of access to child-care arrangements, much of the research on quality of care that was generated pertained to center-based care. Most recently, investigators have turned their attention to the relationship between demographic characteristics of families and their choices of child-care arrangements for their children. Even though the research appeared in waves, they all continue to coexist and they all elaborate and enrich our knowledge. Investigators are now interested in weaving the earlier lines of research into a more comprehensive framework.

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