scholarly journals Personality, mood, and the evaluation of affective and neutral word pairs.

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Rogers ◽  
William Revelle
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word

Shalott’s Song: a Specific Feature Found in Balmont’s Translation of A. Tennyson’s Poem «The Lady of Shalott»

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Margarita Shanurina
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Academic Paper ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

This academic paper is devoted to the analysis of a specific feature which could be found in K. Balmont’s translation of A. Tennyson’s poem «The Lady of Shalott». The aim of the work is to study the reasons why Balmont uses the word «волшебница» to describe the heroine in his translation while there is no word with such semantics in the original text. (This word is put in the name of the translated work and it is found in almost every stanza).English analogue of the word «volshebnitsa» (that is, the word «enchantress», which, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is closest to this word in semantics), while in the original text of the poem this word is not mentioned, the neutral word «lady» is used andonce (in the speech of the mower who hears the heroine singing, but does not see her) there is the word «fairy». This article, on the one hand, summarizes existing studies on the topic; on the other hand, complements them. The study highlights and considers several reasons for the above-mentioned discrepancy between the original text and its translation: emphasizing the connection with a fairy tale, revealing a number of motifs which play an important role in the work of Balmont himself (namely, motifs of music and creativity as magic) and an indication of the main heroine’s charming beauty.

scholarly journals Swearing as a response to pain: Assessing hypoalgesic effects of novel “swear” words

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stephens ◽  
Olly May Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Neutral Word ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Cold Pressor Pain

Background: This pre-registered study extends previous findings that swearing alleviates pain tolerance by assessing the effects of a conventional swear word (“fuck”) and two new “swear” words, “fouch” and “twizpipe”.Method: A mixed sex group of participants (N = 92) completed a repeated measures experimental design augmented by mediation analysis. The independent variable was Word with the levels, “fuck” v. “fouch” v. “twizpipe” v. a neutral word. The dependent variables were emotion rating, humour rating, distraction rating, cold pressor pain threshold, cold pressor pain tolerance, pain perception score and change from resting heart rate. Possible mediation effects were assessed for emotion, humour and distraction ratings. Results: For conventional swearing (“fuck”), confirmatory analyses found a 32% increase in pain threshold and a 33% increase in pain tolerance, accompanied by increased ratings for emotion, humour and distraction, relative to the neutral word condition. The new “swear” words, “fouch” and “twizpipe” were rated higher than the neutral word for emotion and humour although these words did not affect pain threshold or tolerance. Changes in heart rate, pain perception and were absent, as were mediation effects.Conclusions: Our data replicate previous findings that repeating a swear word at a steady pace and volume benefits pain tolerance, extending this finding to pain threshold. Our data cannot explain how such effects are manifest, although distraction appears to be of little importance, and emotion is worthy of future study. The new “swear” words did not alleviate pain even though participants rated them as emotion evoking and humorous.

scholarly journals Zitelle e zitellacce. Prejudices and scorn in the perception of widows and single women in Italy in the 19th century

2017 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Monica Miscali
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Neutral Word ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Hostile Attitude ◽  
Old Maid

Abstract: Living alone in the pre-industrial world often created more complications for women than for men. The main source of this discrimination was a widespread prejudicial and hostile attitude towards unattached women and widows in general. Past societies have generated both pejorative and celebratory words to describe women who have never been married or were widowed. Expressions such as “old maid”, “vecchia zitella” or the slightly more benevolent expression “poor widow” have become commonplace. The aim of this paper is firstly to highlight the negative prejudices suffered by single women and widows in past centuries. Secondly, it hopes to demonstrate the considerable change in society’s attitude towards unmarried women that accompanied the rise of the bourgeois society and that transformed the semantic sense of the otherwise neutral word zitella to the pejorative one it has today. Despite focusing on the particular case of Italy, it will also seek to give a brief overview of the situation in the rest of Europe.Key words: Widows, single women, zitella, prejudices, stereotypes, ItalyRésumé: Vivre seul dans le monde préindustriel a souvent créé plus de complications pour les femmes que pour les hommes. La principale source de cette discrimination était une attitude préjudiciable et hostile envers les femmes seules et les veuves en général. Les sociétés du passé ont généré de nombreux mots péjoratifs pour décrire les femmes qui n’ont jamais été mariées ou qui étaient veuves. Combien de fois avons-nous entendu des mots tels que «old maid», ou bien «vieille fille» ou encore l’expression apparemment bienveillante “pauvre veuve”. Le but de cet article est de mettre en évidence les préjugés négatifs qui ont été employé au cours des siècles passésafin de décrire les femmes célibataires et les veuves et de montrer comment l’attitude de la société envers les femmes célibataires a considérablement changé avec la montée de la société bourgeoise qui a transformé le sens sémantique du mot “zitella” originairement neutre en un terme au sens aujourd’hui péjoratifact francese. L’article se concentrera sur les cas de l’Italie, mais il cherchera aussi à donner un bref aperçu de la situation dans le reste de l’Europe.Mots-clés: Veuves, femmes célibataires, vieille fille, préjugés, stéréotypes, zitella  

scholarly journals Strategi Penerjemahan dan Pergeseran Makna Istilah Budaya Sosial dalam Terjemahan Komik Garudayana Saga Volume 1-4 Karya Is Yuniarto

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Dadi ◽  
Ni Putu Luhur Wedayanti ◽  
I Made Budiana
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Loan Word

The title of this research is “Translation Strategies and The Shifting Meaning of Social Culture Terms in Translation of Garudayana Saga Volume 1-4 by Is Yuniarto”. The research is aimed to analyze the translation strategies used by translator, and componential analysis of the social cultural terms in translation of the comic. The theories that were used in this research were theory of translation strategies proposed by Mona Baker (1992), theory of componential analysis proposed by Roger T. Bell (1993), and theory of cultural anthropological by Koentjaraningrat (2014). There are four categories of social cultural terms: work, leisure, greetings and idioms. There are seven strategies used by the translator: translation by general word, neutral word, cultural substitution, loan word or loan word plus explanation, paraphrase using related word, paraphrase using unrelated word and omitted word. Strategies that most used by translator were translation by general word and cultural substitution. These strategies were used due to differences in social cultural background of society in Indonesia and Japan. The least used strategies were paraphrase using unrelated word and omitted word, since the used of these two strategies can reduce the cause of the shifting meaning in translation.

Disentangling visual attention and motor response contributions in response priming with gender categorization task: an HDDM approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Todorova ◽  
David Neville
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Neutral Word ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Prime Type ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Response Execution

Words can either boost or hinder the processing of visual information, which can lead to facilitation or interference of the behavioural response. We investigated the stage (response execution or target processing) of verbal interference/facilitation in the response priming paradigm with a gender categorization task. Participants in our study were asked to judge whether the presented stimulus was a female or male face that was briefly preceded by a gender word either congruent (prime: ‘man’, target: ‘man’), incongruent (prime: ‘woman’, target: ‘man’) or neutral (prime: ‘day’, target: ‘man’) with respect to the face stimulus. We investigated whether related word-picture pairs resulted in faster reaction times in comparison to the neutral word-picture pairs (facilitation) and whether unrelated word-picture pairs resulted in slower reaction times in comparison to neutral word-picture pairs (interference). We further examined whether these effects (if any) map onto response conflict or aspects of target processing. In addition, identity (‘man’, ‘woman’) and associative (‘tie’, ‘dress’) primes were introduced to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of semantic and Stroop-like effects in response priming (introduced respectively by associations and identity words). We analyzed responses and reaction times using the drift diffusion model to examine the effect of facilitation and/or interference as a function of the prime type. We found that regardless of prime type words introduce a facilitatory effect, which maps to the processes of visual attention and response execution.

Affect-Laden and Affectively-Neutral Word Definitions Test

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Chapman ◽  
Jean P. Chapman ◽  
Randall L. Daut
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Word Definitions

scholarly journals Słowo „Murzyn” jako perlokucyjny akt mowy

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-212
Author(s):  
Margaret Ohia-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Neutral Word ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Black People ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Media Discourse

The word “Murzyn”as a perlocutionary speech act Whilst an array of words is used by white Poles to describe and denote Black people both outside Poland and within the country itself, in recent years, a heated public debate has taken place in Poland concerning the on-going use of the term Murzyn in everyday speech acts and in public discourse. The word actively reproduces anti-black stereotypes and racist meanings, and also conceals the prejudice, not least by virtue of the fact that a number of White Polish public persons claim that Murzyn is a neutral word used inoffensively to refer to Black people. Recently, as the demonstrations after George Floyd’s death spread across Europe, the continuing use of the term has been widely protested by Poles of African descent, and a growing number of Polish linguists argue against the word’s assumed neutrality. In this article, I draw upon the internalism and externalism in communication theory as I demonstrate perlocutionary effects of the word Murzyn from semi-interviews conducted with black Poles in 2014 and 2020, and utterance of Poles of African descent from media discourse between 2011 and 2020. With regard to the histories, experiences, and perspectives of Black communities in Poland, I argue that the derogatory meaning of the word depends largely on its effects on thoughts and feelings of the recipient, namely the pragmatic perlocution and the externalist communication theory, and less on the intention of the speaker and the internalist communication theory.

scholarly journals Learning Gender-Neutral Word Embeddings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyu Zhao ◽  
Yichao Zhou ◽  
Zeyu Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Gender Neutral

East

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dufourmantelle
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Hebrew Scripture

In Hebrew scripture gentleness denotes humility and poverty. In Sanskrit “Veda” is a gender neutral word that signifies “gentleness, graciousness, welcoming and kind speech.” Svadhishthana is the name of the second chakra or the sacral chakra. In Sanscrit it signifies “gentleness;” its element is water and its sense, taste. Here gentleness is just as spiritual as it is carnal. These traditions show gentleness without sentimentality.

Word order and closest-conjunct agreement in the Greek Septuagint: On the position of a biblical translation in the diachrony of a syntactic correlation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-90
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Lavidas
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Neutral Word ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Closest Conjunct Agreement ◽  
T Domain ◽  
Biblical Translation ◽  
Koine Greek

Abstract Clauses can show closest-conjunct agreement, where the verb agrees only with one conjunct of a conjoined subject, and not with the full conjoined subject. The aim of this study is to examine the properties of word order and closest-conjunct agreement in the Greek Septuagint to distinguish which of them are due to the native syntax of Koiné Greek, possibly influenced by contact with Hebrew, and which of them are the result of a biblical translation effect. Both VSO and closest-conjunct agreement in the case of postverbal subjects have been considered characteristics of Biblical Hebrew. VSO becomes a neutral word order for Koiné Greek, and Koiné Greek exhibits examples of closest-conjunct agreement as well. The present study shows that VSO is the neutral word order for various types of texts of Koiné Greek (biblical and non-biblical, translations and non-translations) and that closest-conjunct agreement is also present with similar characteristics in pre-Koiné Greek. All relevant characteristics reflect a type of a syntactic change in Greek related to the properties of the T domain, and evidenced not only in translations or Biblical Greek. However, the frequencies of word orders are indeed affected by the source language, and indirect translation effects are evident in the Greek Septuagint.

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