Supplemental Material for Scaling of Visuospatial Attention Undergoes Differential Longitudinal Change as a Function of APOE Genotype Prior to Old Age: Results From the NIMH BIOCARD Study

Abstract Research on the association of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging revealed mixed evidence: Whereas a u-shaped relationship has been found in many studies, suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, other findings suggest that alcohol is a more linearly related risk factor for cognitive decline. These inconsistencies may partly be due to methodological variation in the statistical modeling of intraindividual changes in both, alcohol consumption and cognition across old age. The present study analyzed longitudinal change in and the mutual effects between alcohol consumption habits and verbal episodic memory (word list recall), using vector autoregressive (VAR) mixed models with nonlinear cross-lagged effects. Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was examined, including N=13388 aged 50+ (M=67.6, SD=9.25; 54.7% female), assessed at up to eight occasions with two-year follow-up intervals (2002/3–2016/17). The self-reported one-year frequency of alcohol drinking days (ADD) served as indicator of alcohol consumption. Basically, ADD predicted follow-up memory performance in a reverse u-shaped fashion, indicating best memory performance after moderate ADD, compared with both ends of the ADD continuum (i.e., drinking never vs. every day). Considering moderators, most notably age did not interact with cross-lagged effects, suggesting that those observed across an older age-range were not more (or less) vulnerable to effects of alcohol consumption on memory performance. Thus, this study adds further support for non-detrimental, if not beneficial, effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive aging – regarding in particular age-related loss of episodic memory.

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Concurrent and Predictive Associations between the Life's Simple 7 & Brain Structure in Middle-Age and Early-Old Age

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 1005-1006

Author(s):

Teresa Warren ◽

McKenna Williams ◽

Christine Fennema-Notestine ◽

Jeremy Elman ◽

Jennifer de Anda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Old Age ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

Life’S Simple 7 ◽

Life's Simple 7 ◽

Early Old Age

Abstract American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), an index of cardiovascular health risks, has been associated with worse brain outcomes but few examined this relationship in midlife. We examined whether LS7 scores at midlife were associated with brain morphometry in early old age. Participants were 471 men who participated in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. The LS7 index was assessed at mean age 62 (range 55-66) and 68 (range 61-71) and included smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure. Each factor was coded, per AHA criteria, on a 3-point scale (0/poor-2/ideal) and summed to create a composite score (0-14). At mean age 68, participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, which was used to create the previously validated brain measures. Scores included: the ratio of abnormal white matter to white matter, and two Alzheimer’s disease brain signatures (cortical thickness/volume signature and a mean diffusivity (MD) signature). Analyses controlled for age, education, income, ethnicity, and APOE genotype. Concurrently at mean age 68, the LS7 was associated with cortical thickness/volume (F=4.85, p = .028), MD (F=10.89, p = .001) signatures and abnormal white matter ratio (F=14.04, p < .001). Prospectively, the LS7 at mean 62 was significantly associated with age 68 cortical thickness/volume (F=5.08, p = .025) and MD (F=5.54, p = .019) signatures but not with abnormal white matter ratio. These results suggest that prevention strategies that promote heart healthy behaviors could have implications for healthy brain aging.

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Longitudinal Neuropsychological Outcome in Taiwanese Alzheimer's Disease Patients Treated with Medication

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205014666171010112518 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 474-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuan-Han Yang ◽

Meng-Ni Wu ◽

Ping-Song Chou ◽

Hui-Chen Su ◽

Sheng-Hsiang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

The Mean

Background: The longitudinal change of neuropsychological tests (NPTs) in treated Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential to understand the interplay of a therapeutic response from medication and a disease decline due to degenerative processes. The aim of our study is to investigate the annual cognitive progression as measured by commonly used NPTs in treated AD patients and to assess the potential predictors of disease progression. Methods: Participants (N=455) diagnosed with AD and treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) or memantine at memory clinics in three hospitals in southern Taiwan from January 2009 to December 2014 were enrolled in this prospectively registered study. The mean follow-up duration was 3.2 ± 0.9 years. The patients' severity of AD ranged from very mild (clinical dementia rating (CDR) scales = 0.5) to moderate (CDR = 2.0). At baseline and for each year, participants were assessed by various NPTs commonly used in clinical practice, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), CDR and CDR-sum of boxes (CDR-SB). All enrolled participants were assessed for at least two years during follow-up. We used mixed-effect models to examine annual progression in the whole group and to compare the cognitive progression between the subgroups with very mild AD and mild to moderate AD. Potential predictors of disease progression, including age, gender, the type of ChEI, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, were also analyzed. Results: Among the study population, the rate of change in MMSE scores were -1.15 points per year, CASI scores were -4.27 points per year, and CDR-SB scores were 0.81 points per year. The slope of annual changes of NPTs differed significantly between the CDR 0.5 group and the CDR 1 to 2 group. The most significant predictors of the faster progression were increasing age and higher CDR stage at entry; however, different types of ChEI therapy (donepezil vs. rivastigmine users), and APOE genotype were not associated with the rate of disease progression. Conclusions: This longitudinal data shows the mean annual change of the MMSE, CASI, CDR, and CDR-SB in treated AD patients. The data may provide clinicians with information regarding to the cognitive decline rate in every year while their AD patients receive approved pharmacological therapy in real-world practice. Increasing age and severity of dementia when receiving therapy are the main factors that associated with faster deterioration.

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Long-Term Cognitive Correlates of Traumatic Brain Injury across Adulthood and Interactions with APOE Genotype, Sex, and Age Cohorts

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617714000174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 444-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ranmalee Eramudugolla ◽

Allison A.M. Bielak ◽

David Bunce ◽

Simon Easteal ◽

Nicolas Cherbuin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Old Age ◽

Adult Population ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Cognitive Outcome ◽

Self Report ◽

Age Cohorts

AbstractThere is continuing debate about long-term effects of brain injury. We examined a range of traumatic brain injury (TBI) variables (TBI history, severity, frequency, and age of injury) as predictors of cognitive outcome over 8 years in an adult population, and interactions with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, sex, and age cohorts. Three randomly sampled age cohorts (20–24, 40–44, 60–64 years at baseline; N = 6333) were each evaluated three times over 8 years. TBI variables, based on self-report, were separately modeled as predictors of cognitive performance using linear mixed effects models. TBI predicted longitudinal cognitive decline in all three age groups. APOE ε4+ genotypes in the young and middle-aged groups predicted lower baseline cognitive performance in the context of TBI. Baseline cognitive performance was better for young females than males but this pattern reversed in middle age and old age. The findings suggest TBI history is associated with long-term cognitive impairment and decline across the adult lifespan. A role for APOE genotype was apparent in the younger cohorts but there was no evidence that it is associated with impairment in early old age. The effect of sex and TBI on cognition varied with age cohort, consistent with a proposed neuroprotective role for estrogen. (JINS, 2014, 20, 444–454)

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