A conceptual understanding and definition of executive coaching.

Author(s):  
Richard R. Kilburg
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brynjar Olafsson

This study investigates Norwegian art and crafts teachers’ conceptions of creativity through the responses to a questionnaire from 791 teachers in compulsory education. The curriculum in Norway for compulsory education emphasizes the development of creativity in the art and crafts field more than in the other core subjects. However, the curriculum does not offer a clear definition of creativity or how creativity-related goals should be reached. According to prior research, teachers express different ideas about what creativity involves, and their conceptual understanding can affect their teaching practices. Results indicate that teachers hold beliefs that are in misalignment with recent literature, and a better conceptual understanding could support them in emphasizing creativity in the classroom. This applies especially to individual creative capacity, assessment, and the role played by domain knowledge in education.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
STUART MILLS

Abstract A recent development within nudge theory is the concept of sludge, which imposes frictions on decision-making. Nascent literature adopts a normative interpretation of sludge: nudge good, sludge bad. However, this normative interpretation leaves much to be desired. A clear definition and treatment of sludge remains absent from this literature, as is a complete understanding of ‘frictions’. Furthermore, the relationship between nudges and sludges is unclear. This paper proposes the concept of nudge/sludge symmetry in an attempt to advance the conceptual understanding of sludge. Building from the definition of a nudge, three types of friction permissible under nudge theory are identified: hedonic, social and obscurant. Sludge is then positioned, in terms of frictions, relative to nudge: nudges decrease relative frictions, sludges increase relative frictions. A consequence of this proposition is nudge/sludge symmetry – where a nudge decreases the frictions associated with a specific option, sludge is simultaneously imposed on all other options available to a decision-maker. Nudge/sludge symmetry subsequently challenges the normative interpretation of sludge, and so a new framework drawing on the literature on nudges in the private sector is offered, with the choice architect placed at the centre. This new approach to sludge and emphasis on the role of the choice architect, in turn, reaffirms the importance of transparency in public policy interventions.


1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Jennings Wiemers

This article is a case study of a self-described “traditional” teacher’s approach to implementing a state-wide mathematics reform. It examines his beliefs and knowledge about mathematics, and his commitment to the success of his students in the context of the state’s attempt to introduce innovations in both the goals and strategies of mathematics instruction. The goals of the reform include emphasis on conceptual understanding, cooperative learning, and practical applications of mathematics; this teacher emphasizes memorization, rules, and competition. The article explores the interplay between these two orientations: the teacher’s adoption of the reform’s implementation strategies, particularly the textbook, and his interpretation of the reform’s goals in terms of his own interest in teaching applications of mathematics. The teacher’s sense of accountability to his students and his commitment to their success is explored in the context of the state’s change in the principal vehicle of instruction, the textbook, and the state’s definition of success. The article raises the issue of what kind of change can occur in these circumstances and asks whether change that manifests itself in adoption of the implementation strategies of the reform will result in fundamental change in teachers’ beliefs and knowledge about mathematics.


Author(s):  
Anayit Khoperiya ◽  

The article deals with the approaches to the definition of "arbitration award". Particular attention was paid to the problem of conceptual understanding of "arbitration" in Ukraine and difference of this understanding opposite to its worldwide understanding. The main problematic points that introduce contradictions between the Ukrainian and international approach to the definition of "arbitration award" were outlined. A formal and substantive distinction between the concepts of "award of arbitration courts", "decision of international commercial arbitration" and "arbitration award" was made. The author proposes considering arbitration award as a legally binding act of the arbitrator or arbitrators, which resolves a legal dispute between the parties, the competence of which arises from the prior agreement of the parties, and which is the final act of arbitration, under which the obligated party voluntarily performs its obligations determined by the arbitral award, or one of the parties applies to the court for recognition and / or granting permission to enforce the arbitral award. The main features and requirements for arbitration awards are identified. Based on the practice of foreign states, it is concluded that not all requirements for arbitration awards that are considered mandatory in the doctrine and legislation of Ukraine are the same in other states. In particular, the author states that in some cases such requirements as written form or justification of the arbitral award may not be mandatory. However, it is noted that failure to comply with the written form could make impossible to recognize and enforce the arbitration award in other jurisdictions. Author mentioned that all states could be divided into those whose legislation is more flexible in determining the requirements for arbitration award and the level of discretion of the parties in this area, or those whose legislation contained mandatory requirements for arbitration, which was Ukraine’s case.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 20170734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Strotz ◽  
Marianna Simões ◽  
Matthew G. Girard ◽  
Laura Breitkreuz ◽  
Julien Kimmig ◽  
...  

The Red Queen hypothesis (RQH) is both familiar and murky, with a scope and range that has broadened beyond its original focus. Although originally developed in the palaeontological arena, it now encompasses many evolutionary theories that champion biotic interactions as significant mechanisms for evolutionary change. As such it de-emphasizes the important role of abiotic drivers in evolution, even though such a role is frequently posited to be pivotal. Concomitant with this shift in focus, several studies challenged the validity of the RQH and downplayed its propriety. Herein, we examine in detail the assumptions that underpin the RQH in the hopes of furthering conceptual understanding and promoting appropriate application of the hypothesis. We identify issues and inconsistencies with the assumptions of the RQH, and propose a redefinition where the Red Queen's reign is restricted to certain types of biotic interactions and evolutionary patterns occurring at the population level.


Author(s):  
R.Yu Korolkov ◽  
S.V. Kutsak

Purpose. Analysis of the main types of vulnerabilities and definition of weaknesses in 802.11 wireless network security, identification of the causes of information loss or network failure as a result of attacks. Methodology. Research on attacks at different levels of the OSI network model. Findings. The main threats and attacks that are implemented at each level of the OSI network model, from the physical to the application level, are identified. 15 different attacks with a detailed description of the consequences of their implementation are considered. The correspondence between the levels of the OSI network model and peculiarities of the implementation of attacks is established. Originality. The principle of increasing the abstraction level was used to systematize attacks on WLAN. First, the known attacks are compared according to the levels of the OSI network model and the destructive consequences of their implementation are indicated; secondly, four types of attacks (reconnaissance, availability, spoofing, man-in-the-middle) are identified, and thirdly, attacks are divided into categories of passive and active ones. This approach makes it possible to get a more conceptual understanding of security issues in wireless networks. Practical value. The results obtained can be used to develop effective multi-level systems for detecting and preventing intrusions into WLAN.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Nilson

The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual understanding of community safety and well-being (CSWB). The current paradigm shift in Canadian human services, away from siloed, reactionary measures and towards upstream, multi-sector collaborative initiatives, is becoming increasingly recognized as CSWB. Problematic, however, is that this newly emerging field of social innovation lacks the broadly accepted conceptual framework required to build continuity in practice, consistency in measurement, and clarity for future planning and policymaking. This paper proposes both a conceptual and practical definition of CSWB, outlines a practice typology, clarifies key concepts, offers measurement assumptions, and presents key goals of alignment.   


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Haris Munandar ◽  
Jofrishal Jofrishal

Conceptual understanding of chemistry requires the ability to represent and interpret the problems of chemicals in a form that is easy to understand. One way that allows students to learn chemistry is to implement effective learning activities. This research was conducted in SMA Negeri 11 Banda Aceh. One of the schools with a homogeneous class management systems based on the same gender. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning process for the chemical held in a homogeneous class. Definition of homogeneous classes of this research is the class that is populated by students collectively have the same gender. Observations obtained is the percentage of teachers' activities with a percentage of 71.42% of activities, which means that activities of teachers in the classroom in both categories (51% - 80%). Results of student feedback through a questionnaire, obtained only 32% of students from a total of 88 students who find it easy to understand the chemistry lesson taught over the years, while the remaining amount to 68% of students still find it difficult to understand the chemistry lesson. Chemistry learning in homogeneous classes requires readiness of teachers, both in the preparation of learning tools and also the ability of teachers to manage the classroom, so that learning can be effective.


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