scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness in Children With Recent Suicidal Ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliona Tsypes ◽  
Max Owens ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors experience abnormalities in reward-related processes, yet little is known about specific components or stages of reward processing that are impaired, especially in children. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an investigation of the Initial Response to Reward subconstruct of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria in relation to recent suicidal ideation (SI) in children. Participants were 23 children between the ages of 7 and 11 with a history of recent SI and 46 demographically and clinically matched children with no recent SI. Children completed a simple guessing task during which electroencephalographic signals were continuously recorded to isolate the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential; specifically, we examined change in RewP (∆RewP), quantified as the difference between neural responses to monetary gains and neural responses to monetary losses. Children with recent SI exhibited significantly smaller (i.e., blunted) ∆RewP, providing initial evidence for blunted initial responses to reward in these children.

scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness and Recent Suicidal Ideation in Children and Adolescents: Failure to Replicate Across Two Independent Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallyer ◽  
Kreshnik Burani ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mulligan ◽  
Nicholas Santopetro ◽  
Sean P. Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractA recent study by Tsypes, Owens, and Gibb (2019) found that children with recent suicidal ideation had blunted neural reward processing, as measured by the reward positivity (RewP), compared to matched controls, and that this difference was driven by reduced neural responses to monetary loss, rather than blunted neural response to monetary reward. Here, we aimed to conceptually replicate and extend these findings in two large samples of children and adolescents (n = 275 and n = 235). Results from our conceptual replication found no evidence that children and adolescents with suicidal ideation have abnormal reward or loss processing. We extended these findings in a longitudinal sample of children and adolescents with two time points and found no evidence that reward- or loss-related ERPs predict changes in suicidal ideation. The results highlight the need for greater statistical power, and continued research examining the neural underpinnings of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

The interplay of childhood maltreatment and maternal depression in relation to the reward positivity in youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Suor ◽  
Maria Granros ◽  
Alison E. Calentino ◽  
K. Luan Phan ◽  
Katie L. Burkhouse
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simple Slope ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Guided by developmental psychopathology and dual-risk frameworks, the present study examined the interplay between childhood maltreatment and maternal major depression history in relation to neural reward responsiveness in youth. The sample consisted of 96 youth (ages 9–16; M = 12.29 years, SD = 2.20; 68.8% female) drawn from a large metropolitan city. Youth were recruited based on whether their mothers had a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and were categorized into two groups: youth with mothers with a history of MDD (high risk; HR; n = 56) and youth with mothers with no history of psychiatric disorders (low risk; LR; n = 40). The reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential component, was utilized to measure reward responsiveness and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measured childhood maltreatment. We found a significant two-way interaction between childhood maltreatment and risk group in relation to RewP. Simple slope analysis revealed that in the HR group, greater childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with reduced RewP. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and RewP was not significant among the LR youth. The present findings demonstrate that the association between childhood maltreatment and blunted reward responsiveness is dependent on whether offspring have mothers with histories of MDD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Lifetime Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in a Global Sample of 599 Patients Reporting Prospectively Confirmed Diagnosis with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among Americans ages 10 to 34. Recent increases in suicide rates among those assigned female at birth are particularly alarming. A large body of evidence points to menstrual cycle influences on self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STBs), suggesting that neurobiological hormone sensitivities such as those observed in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) may drive risk for suicide in females. However, existing studies of the prevalence of STBs in PMDD have used cross-sectional self-report measures of PMDD with poor validity. As a first step to establishing more accurate prevalence rates of STBs in PMDD, we examined the lifetime prevalence of STBs in a large global survey of patients reporting a diagnosis of PMDD based on daily ratings. Method: Individuals with self-reported PMDD symptoms were invited to an online survey through online support groups for PMDD and social media posts from accounts focused on PMDD awareness and information. Participants reported on demographics, whether they had been diagnosed with PMDD by a healthcare provider using daily ratings, STBs using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and history of various lifetime comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Results: 2,689 unique participants completed the survey. Of those, 599 (23%) reported a provider diagnosis with PMDD based on two months of daily ratings and were included in analyses. We observed high rates of lifetime active suicidal ideation (72%), planning (49%), intent (42%), preparing for an attempt (40%), and attempt (34%), as well as non-suicidal self-injury (51%). The majority (70%) of the sample reported at least one lifetime comorbid psychiatric diagnosis by a medical provider. STB rates were only slightly attenuated among those reporting no history of diagnosed psychiatric comorbidities (i.e., PMDD only). Predictors of lifetime suicidal ideation included nulliparity, low-to-moderate (vs. high) income, and history of diagnosis with major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Predictors of lifetime attempts among those reporting lifetime ideation included older age, nulliparity, lower income, and history of diagnosis with post-traumatic stress disorder or borderline personality disorder.Conclusions: These data indicate high rates of STBs among those reporting prospective medical diagnosis of PMDD and highlight the need for more prospective research on mechanisms and prevention of STBs in PMDD. Clinical practice guidelines for PMDD should accommodate comorbidities and recommend frequent screenings for STB risk. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors should be considered for inclusion in future iterations of the DSM PMDD diagnostic criteria.

Reduced neural response to reward and pleasant pictures independently relate to depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
Kreshnik Burani ◽  
Alec Bruchnak ◽  
Nicholas Santopetro ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Picture Viewing ◽  
Mood Reactivity

Abstract Background Multiple studies have found a reduced reward positivity (RewP) among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Event-related potential studies have also reported blunted neural responses to pleasant pictures in MDD as reflected by the late positive potential (LPP). These deficits have been interpreted broadly in terms of anhedonia and decreased emotional engagement characteristic of depression. Methods In the current study, a community-based sample of 83 participants with current MDD and 45 healthy individuals performed both a guessing task and a picture viewing paradigm with neutral and pleasant pictures to assess the RewP and the LPP, respectively. Results We found that both RewP and LPP to pleasant pictures were reduced in the MDD group; moreover, RewP and LPP were both independent predictors of MDD status. Within the MDD group, a smaller RewP predicted impaired mood reactivity in younger but not older participants. Smaller LPP amplitudes were associated with increased anhedonia severity in the MDD group. Conclusions These data replicate and merge separate previous lines of research, and suggest that a blunted RewP and LPP reflect independent neural deficits in MDD – which could be used in conjunction to improve the classification of depression.

scholarly journals Amphetamine alters the Reward Positivity in humans and mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Cavanagh ◽  
Sarah Olguin ◽  
Jo Talledo ◽  
Juliana Kotz ◽  
Benjamin Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Probabilistic Learning ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Impact

The development of pro-cognitive therapeutics for psychiatric disorders has been beset with difficulties. This is in part due to the absence of pharmacologically-sensitive cognitive biomarkers common to humans and rodents. Here, we describe a cross-species translational measure of reward processing that is sensitive to the dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine. Motivated by human electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, we recently reported that frontal midline delta-band power is also an electrophysiological biomarker of reward surprise in mice. Here, we determined the impact on this reward-related EEG response from humans (n=23) and mice (n=28) performing a probabilistic learning task under parametric doses of d-amphetamine (human: placebo, 10 mg, 20 mg; mice: placebo, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg.kg, 1.0 mg/kg). In humans, d-amphetamine boosted the Reward Positivity event-related potential (ERP) component as well as the spectral delta-band representation of this signal. In mice, only the Reward Positivity ERP component was significantly boosted by d-amphetamine. In sum, the present results confirm the role of dopamine in the generation of the Reward Positivity, and support the first pharmacologically valid biomarker of reward sensitivity across species.

scholarly journals Task Difficulty Regulates How Conscious and Unconscious Monetary Rewards Boost the Performance of Working Memory: An Event-Related Potential Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyang Xu ◽  
Senqing Qi ◽  
Haijun Duan ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Miriam Akioma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Back Task

The performance of working memory can be improved by the corresponding high-value vs. low-value rewards consciously or unconsciously. However, whether conscious and unconscious monetary rewards boosting the performance of working memory is regulated by the difficulty level of working memory task is unknown. In this study, a novel paradigm that consists of a reward-priming procedure and N-back task with differing levels of difficulty was designed to inspect this complex process. In particular, both high-value and low-value coins were presented consciously or unconsciously as the reward cues, followed by the N-back task, during which electroencephalogram signals were recorded. It was discovered that the high-value reward elicited larger event-related potential (ERP) component P3 along the parietal area (reflecting the working memory load) as compared to the low-value reward for the less difficult 1-back task, no matter whether the reward was unconsciously or consciously presented. In contrast, this is not the case for the more difficult 2-back task, in which the difference in P3 amplitude between the high-value and low-value rewards was not significant for the unconscious reward case, yet manifested significance for the conscious reward processing. Interestingly, the results of the behavioral analysis also exhibited very similar patterns as ERP patterns. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the difficulty level of a task can modulate the influence of unconscious reward on the performance of working memory.

Military Service and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in a National Sample of College Students

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Pease ◽  
Lindsey L. Monteith ◽  
Trisha A. Hostetter ◽  
Jeri E. Forster ◽  
Nazanin H. Bahraini
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Student Veterans ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: As a result of the post-9/11 GI Bill, increasing numbers of veterans are enrolling in college. However, little is known regarding suicidal outcomes among this group. In prior research, college student veterans reported high rates of suicidal ideation and attempt. Nonetheless, no research has examined whether military service is associated with increased suicide risk among college students. Aims: Our primary aims were to examine whether a history of military service was related to past-year suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among college students. On the basis of previous research with college students, we hypothesized that students with a history of military service (i.e., current or prior) would report a higher percentage of past-year suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. Our secondary aims were to examine the associations between military service and major depression and nonsuicidal self-injury. Method: Our sample included 3,290 college students with and without a history of military service who participated in the Healthy Minds Study in 2011 and 2012. Results: Military service was not significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt. Students without a history of military service were more likely to report nonsuicidal self-injury. There was no significant difference in screening positive for major depression. Conclusions: These findings conflict with previous research that identified student veterans as being at elevated risk.

scholarly journals Children’s Neural Reactivity to Maternal Praise and Criticism: Associations with Early Depressive Symptoms and Maternal Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Richard John Vandermeer ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Ola Mohamed Ali ◽  
Andrew Daoust ◽  
Marc F Joanisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Neural Reactivity ◽  
History Of Depression

Maladaptive responses to early caregiving are implicated in depression; however, children’s neural reactivity to positive and negative feedback from mothers is poorly understood. We used fMRI to characterize 81 never-depressed children’s (Mage = 11.12 years, SDage = .63) neural responses to hearing their mothers’ praise and criticism. Maternal history of depression was unrelated to children’s brain activity during both the praise and criticism conditions; however, ROI analyses showed that children’s self-reported depressive symptoms were negatively associated with functional activity in the left anterior insula and right putamen while hearing maternal criticism. Whole-brain analyses showed that children’s depressive symptoms were positively associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity while listening to maternal praise. These findings complement past work implicating these brain regions in emotional salience, reward processing, and internal speech, respectively. Findings further suggest that maladaptive neural processing of maternal feedback may contribute to children’s early emerging depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Neural dynamics of monetary and social reward processing in social anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 991-1003
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Lu Nie ◽  
Ya Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Social Anhedonia ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Social Rewards ◽  
Present Event

Abstract Being characterized by reduced pleasure from social interaction, social anhedonia constitutes a transdiagnostic marker for various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural portrait of social anhedonia remains elusive because of heterogeneities of reward type and reward dynamics in previous studies. The present event-related potential study investigated neural dynamics in response to monetary and social rewards in social anhedonia. Event-related potential responses were examined when a high social anhedonia (HSA, N = 23) group and a low social anhedonia (LSA, N = 26) group were anticipating and consuming social and monetary rewards. LSA but not HSA participants showed an increased stimulus-preceding negativity (anticipatory phase) and and increased reward positivity (consummatory phase) for monetary as compared with social rewards. This group difference could spring from an increased relevance of social rewards or a general decline in affective responding due to a potential association between social anhedonia and depression. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for neural aberrations of the reward system in social anhedonia, which is contingent upon reward type and reward dynamics.

scholarly journals Depression Risk Factors and Affect Dynamics: An Experience Sampling Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter J. Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Affect dynamics reflect individual differences in how emotional information is processed, and may provide insights into how depressive episodes develop. To extend prior studies that examined affect dynamics in currently depressed individuals, the present study tested in 68 non-depressed young adults whether three well-established risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) – (a) past episodes of MDD, (b) family history of MDD, and (c) reduced neurophysiological responses to reward – predicted mean levels, instability, or inertia (i.e., inflexibility) of positive affect (PA) and/or negative affect (NA). Momentary PA and NA were assessed up to 6 times per day for 14 days (mean number of surveys completed=45.89). MDD history and family history of MDD were assessed via semi-structured interview, and neurophysiological responses to reward were indexed using the Reward Positivity, an event-related potential related to depression. After adjusting for current depressive symptoms, results indicated that (a) past episodes of MDD predicted higher mean levels of NA, (b) family history of MDD predicted greater PA inertia, and (c) blunted reactivity to reward predicted greater NA inertia. Collectively, these results suggest that elevated mean levels of NA and inflexibility of PA and NA may be potential mechanisms that confer risk for depression.

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