An examination of the state of workplace learning at the end of the 20th century

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Shlechter
2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.


2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cristina Alves Vieira Lima ◽  
Eucilene Alves Santana Porto ◽  
José Ricardo Pio Marins ◽  
Rejane Maria Alves ◽  
Rosângela Rosa Machado ◽  
...  

Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency. Early 20th century epidemics in Japan were attributed to rice contaminated by citreoviridin mycotoxin. Our investigation of an outbreak of beriberi in Brazil showed an association of beriberi with the consumption of poor quality subsistence farming rice, although, unlike other investigators of this outbreak, we did not identify citreoviridin producing fungi in the implicated rice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zarisnov Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Gary Gagarin Akbar

Ekstradisi secara universal hingga saat ini mengalami perubahan yang semakin baik, terutama setelah kehidupan bernegara sudah mulai tampak lebih maju sampai abad 20 ini. Hubungan dan pergaulan internasional menemukan bentuk dan substansinya yang baru dan berbeda dengan zaman sebelum Perjanjian Perdamaian Westphalia tahun 1648. Negara-negara yang berdasarkan atas prinsip kemerdekaan kedaulatan dan kedudukan sederajat mulai menata dirinya masing-masing terutama masalah domestik dengan membentuk dan mengembangkan hukum nasionalnya, yang salah satunya di bidang hukum pidana nasional. Hukum pidana nasional masing-masing negara, terutama jenis-jenis kejahatan atau tindak pidananya, disamping pula ada kesamaan dan perbedaannya. Semakin menguat batas wilayah dan kedaulatan teritorial masing-masing negara, semakin menguat pula penerapan hukum nasionalnya di dalam batas wilayah negara masing-masing. Semakin banyaknya perjanjian-perjanjian yang dibuat oleh negara-negara baik bilateral ataupun multilateral untuk mengatur suatu masalah tertentu yang sudah, sedang, dan akan dihadapi. Dalam pembuatan perjanjian tersebut mulai dilakukan pengkhususan atas substansinya, jadi tidak lagi satu perjanjian mencakup berbagai macam substansi yang berbeda-beda. Di Indonesia peraturan mengenai Ekstradisi dibuat pada tahun 1979, mengingat hingga saat ini belum terjadi perubahan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1979 padahal PBB telah membuat suatu model pembuatan perjanjian ekstradisi pada tahun 1990, sehingga sudah selayaknya peraturan mengenai ekstradisi di Indonesia harus mengalami pembaharuan ke depan yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Ekstradisi, Politik Hukum, Hukum Pidana.   Abstract Extradition is universally up to now experiencing increasingly good changes, especially after the state of life has begun to appear more advanced until the 20th century. International relations and relationships find new and different forms and substance from the times before the Treaty of Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Countries that are based on the principle of freedom of sovereignty and equal position begin to organize themselves, especially domestic problems by forming and developing national laws, which one of them is in the field of national criminal law. The national criminal law of each country, especially the types of crime or criminal acts, besides there are similarities and differences. The stronger regional boundaries and territorial sovereignty of each country, the stronger the application of national laws within the borders of each country. The increasing number of agreements made by countries both bilaterally and multilaterally to regulate a particular problem that has been, is being, and will be faced. In making these agreements, specialization of the substance began to be carried out, so no more than one agreement covers a variety of different substances. In Indonesia, the Extradition regulation was made in 1979, considering that until now there had been no changes in Law Number 1 of 1979 even though the United Nations had made a model for making an extradition treaty in 1990, so that proper regulations on extradition in Indonesia must undergo reform better future.                                   Keyword: Extradition, Politics of Law, The Criminal Law.                                                                        


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Baldry ◽  
Ailsa McKeon ◽  
Scott McDougall

<em>Timothy Bottoms’ recent work</em> Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times <em>comprehensively documents the systematic killing of thousands of Aboriginal people across the State from the mid-19th until the early 20th century. The record suggests that during this period, significant portions of clan groupings and, in some cases, arguably entire nations of people were slaughtered. The sustained use of State-sanctioned violence via the Queensland Native Police Corps and the consistent pattern of killings raise several questions: Did these acts of violence constitute genocide? If so, who is responsible? What legal and policy avenues are available to address the intergenerational impacts of these unrecognised acts of genocide?</em>


Author(s):  
John Breen

In January 2010, the Supreme Court delivered a historic verdict of unconstitutionality in a case involving Sorachibuto, a Shinto shrine in Sunagawa city, Hokkaido. All of the national newspapers featured the case on their front pages. As the case makes abundantly clear, issues of politics and religion, politics and Shinto, are alive and well in 21st century Japan. In this essay, I seek to shed light on the fraught relationship between politics and Shinto from three perspectives. I first analyze the Sorachibuto case, and explain what is at stake, and why it has attracted the attention it has. I then contextualize it, addressing the key state-Shinto legal disputes in the post war period: from the 1970s through to the first decade of the 21st century. Here my main focus falls on the state, and its efforts to cultivate Shinto. In the final section, I shift that focus to the Shinto establishment, and explore its efforts to reestablish with a succession of post LDP administrations the sort of intimacy, which Shinto enjoyed with the state in the early 20th century.


2013 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bezpalko

The urgency of the topic of the article: determined by the need for coverage and scientific reflection on the socio-historical preconditions for the convening of the Second Vatican Council; determined by the need to study the problems and perspectives of establishing and church dialogue at the present stage. The study of the uniative activity of Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky in the context of the Vatican's Eastern policy in the early 20th century. makes it possible to understand the tendencies and peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian-Vatican relations at the present stage, the formation of a retrograde model of the Greek Catholic Church and its interaction with society, the state, the international community, etc.


2019 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
I. Shcherbakova

An attempt to solve the agrarian question at the beginning of the 20th century has been analyzed. The interaction and confrontation of two ministries – the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of the Interior and local authorities: local committees of the Special Meeting on the needs of the agricultural industry and provincial committees of the Editorial Commission of the Ministry of the Interior, their attempts to discuss and resolve the peasant issue at the beginning of the 20th century, – have been examined. It has been substantiated, that at the beginning of the 20th century the state authorities did not develop a unified course in resolving the peasant issue and only the events of the 1905 revolution forced the government to take emergency measures in the development of agricultural legislation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Nurul Fajriah

This article is a study of literature describing religious harmony: the relevance of Article 25 of the Medina Charter and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. The Medina Charter was made in the 7th century (classical century) and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution was born in modern times, around the 20th century. Both have relevancy which states that every citizen is free to adhere to their respective religions. The plurality of society in Indonesia has similarities and differences from the plurality of society in Medina around 622 AD. The stability and harmony of religious communities in the Medina at that time was regulated in the Medina charter which is the constitution of the Medina state. Harmony among religious communities in Indonesia is also an important concern of the Indonesian government as stipulated in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the state because the state believes that religious diversity is not a disintegrating factor for the Indonesian people.Abstrak: Artikel ini adalah kajian literatur yang mendeskripsikan kerukunan umat beragama: relevansi pasal 25 Piagam Madinah dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945. Piagam Madinah dibuat pada abad VII (abad klasik) dan pasal 29 UUD 1945 baru lahir pada zaman modern, sekitar abad XX. Keduanya memiliki relevansi yang menyatakan bahwa setiap warga negara bebas menganut agamanya masing-masing. Kemajemukan masyarakat di Indonesia mempunyai sisi-sisi persamaan dan perbedaan dengan kemajemukan masyarakat di Madinah sekitar tahun 622 M. Keberlangsungan dan keharmonisan umat beragama di negara Madinah pada waktu itu diatur dalam piagam Madinah yang merupakan konstitusi negara Madinah. Kerukunan antar umat beragama di Indonesia juga menjadi perhatian penting pemerintah dengan adanya kebijakan Negara Republik Indonesia dari segi agama yang tertuang dalam pasal 29 UUD 1945. Kebebasan beragama ini dijamin oleh negara karena keyakinan bahwa keberagaman agama tidak akan menjadi disentegrating factor bagi bangsa Indonesia


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