Hepatitis B control program

1984 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Control Program

scholarly journals Barriers to the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in the Community of Southwestern China: A Qualitative Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Shu Su ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Runze Deng ◽  
Mingyue Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Poor Cognition

Objective viral hepatitis is a big challenge in China. However, few studies have focused on mapping the difficulties from a broader view. This study aimed to identify the barriers to the prevention and control of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in communities from the perspectives of hepatitis patients, residents, and healthcare providers. A total of 26 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth face-to-face interviews from September 2015 to May 2016 in two communities from Chongqing and Chengdu, China. A thematic framework was applied to analyze the qualitative data from the interviews. The critical factors of barriers to hepatitis prevention and control in the districts included poor cognition of residents regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C, severe stigma in society, inadequate health education, and the provision of unsatisfactory medical services. Strengthening health education and improving services for treating patients with hepatitis are suggested to make further progress. A substantial gap remains between the need and currently available services for hepatitis patients and residents. Delivering quality prevention and control health services, improving health education, and reducing stigma in society are recommended to improve the prevention and control program for hepatitis B and C in communities.

Optimal control of the mathematical viral dynamic model of different hepatitis B infected individuals with numerical simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (26) ◽  
pp. 1950310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Khan ◽  
Aly R. Seadawy ◽  
Gul Zaman ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Geometrical Approach ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Disease Free

The viral infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a dangerous problem for health around the globe and counted in the top leading causes of death. To explore the viral dynamics of this infection, an HBV epidemic model has been developed by dividing the infected compartment into three subclasses, acute, chronically infected and carrier individuals with both vertical as well as horizontal transmission. After formulating the model, we prove that the positive solution of the model exists. The next generation matrix approach has been used to investigate the threshold quantity known as basic reproduction number. The global stability conditions at endemic equilibria (EE) and disease-free equilibrium (DFE) are established by using the method of geometrical approach and Castillo-Chavez, respectively. We use the optimization theory and the three time-dependent control variables to establish the control program. By the help of this control policy, we reduce the number of susceptible, acute, chronically hepatitis B infected and carrier persons, while the numbers of recovered and vaccinated populations are maximized. Finally, numerical results will be found out for the support and feasibility of the analytical results.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections and impact of control program among blood donors in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
TalalA. Sallam ◽  
HaithamMohamed El-Bingawi ◽  
KhalidIbrahim Alzahrani ◽  
BaderHassan Alzahrani ◽  
AtyahAli Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Control Program

Hepatitis B Control Program in Taiwan

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hua Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Control Program

scholarly journals Elimination of Hepatitis B in Highly Endemic Settings: Lessons Learned in Taiwan and Challenges Ahead

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Jen Liu ◽  
Pei-Jer Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Important Health

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its related liver diseases are important health problems worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. For the past 4–5 decades, Taiwan’s government and scientists have cooperated together to control this virus infection and its related liver diseases. These efforts and achievements have made progress toward the elimination of HBV. Taiwan’s government initiated the Viral Hepatitis Control Program (VHCP) in the1970s, and then launched the national vaccination program in 1984. This universal vaccination program effectively decreased the rate of hepatitis B carriage and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the younger generation. Since 2003, approved anti-HBV treatments were reimbursed nationwide. This reimbursement program resulted in a higher uptake of anti-HBV treatments, which contributed to a decrease in liver-related disease progression and subsequently reduced attributable mortality in Taiwan. This experience can be shared by countries in other parts of the world regarding the control of chronic viral hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Asiah Muhamad ◽  
Rimah Melati Ab.Ghani ◽  
Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip ◽  
Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad ◽  
Hasmah Mohamad Haris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Intermediate Endemicity

AbstractMalaysia is a country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. As the country moves toward hepatitis B and C elimination, population-based estimates are necessary to understand the burden of hepatitis B and C for evidence-based policy-making. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Malaysia. A total of 1458 participants were randomly selected from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged 35 to 70 years between 2006 and 2012. All blood samples were tested for hepatitis B and C markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Those reactive for hepatitis C were further tested for HCV RNA genotyping. The sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities were used to evaluate their associated risk factors. Descriptive analysis and multivariable analysis were done using Stata 14. From the samples tested, 4% were positive for HBsAg (95% CI 2.7–4.7), 20% were positive for anti-HBc (95% CI 17.6–21.9) and 0.3% were positive for anti-HCV (95% CI 0.1–0.7). Two of the five participants who were reactive for anti-HCV had the HCV genotype 1a and 3a. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Malaysia is low and intermediate, respectively. This population-based study could facilitate the planning and evaluation of the hepatitis B and C control program in Malaysia.

Automated mineral analysis in TASK8

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
William F. Chambers ◽  
Arthur A. Chodos ◽  
Roland C. Hagan
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Institute Of Technology

TASK8 was designed as an electron microprobe control program with maximum flexibility and versatility, lending itself to a wide variety of applications. While using TASKS in the microprobe laboratory of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, we decided to incorporate the capability of using subroutines which perform specific end-member calculations for nearly any type of mineral phase that might be analyzed in the laboratory. This procedure minimizes the need for post-processing of the data to perform such calculations as element ratios or end-member or formula proportions. It also allows real time assessment of each data point.The use of unique “mineral codes” to specify the list of elements to be measured and the type of calculation to perform on the results was first used in the microprobe laboratory at the California Institute of Technology to optimize the analysis of mineral phases. This approach was used to create a series of subroutines in TASK8 which are called by a three letter code.

A computer-control program for TEM in situ fatigue experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Vecchio ◽  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
And Control

In-situ experiments conducted within a transmission electron microscope provide the operator a unique opportunity to directly observe microstructural phenomena, such as phase transformations and dislocation-precipitate interactions, “as they happen”. However, in-situ experiments usually require a tremendous amount of experimental preparation beforehand, as well as, during the actual experiment. In most cases the researcher must operate and control several pieces of equipment simultaneously. For example, in in-situ deformation experiments, the researcher may have to not only operate the TEM, but also control the straining holder and possibly some recording system such as a video tape machine. When it comes to in-situ fatigue deformation, the experiments became even more complicated with having to control numerous loading cycles while following the slow crack growth. In this paper we will describe a new method for conducting in-situ fatigue experiments using a camputer-controlled tensile straining holder.The tensile straining holder used with computer-control system was manufactured by Philips for the Philips 300 series microscopes. It was necessary to modify the specimen stage area of this holder to work in the Philips 400 series microscopes because the distance between the optic axis and holder airlock is different than in the Philips 300 series microscopes. However, the program and interfacing can easily be modified to work with any goniometer type straining holder which uses a penrmanent magnet motor.

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