The functioning of alerting, orienting, and executive control networks under sleep deprivation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martella ◽  
J. Roca ◽  
A. Marotta ◽  
M. Lopezramon ◽  
C. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Control Networks

scholarly journals The neural bases of resilient cognitive systems: Evidence of variable neuro-displacement in the semantic system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Grace E. Rice ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Representational System ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to initiate exploration of an equally-important research goal: what are the neurocomputational mechanisms that make these cognitive systems “well engineered” and thus resilient across a range of performance demands and to mild levels of perturbation or even damage? We achieved this aim by investigating the neural dynamics of the semantic network with two task difficulty manipulations. We found that intrinsic resilience-related mechanisms were observed in both the domain-specific semantic representational system and the parallel executive control networks. Functional connectivity between these regions was also increased and these increases were related to better semantic task performance. Our results suggest that higher cognitive functions are made resilient by flexible, dynamic changes (variable neuro-displacement) across both domain-specific and multi-demand networks. Our findings provide strong evidence that the compensatory functional alterations in the impaired brain might reflect intrinsic mechanisms of a well-engineered neural system.

scholarly journals Effects of dense code-switching on executive control

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hofweber ◽  
Theodoros Marinis ◽  
Jeanine Treffers-Daller
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Dense Code ◽  
Executive System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bilingualism is reported to re-structure executive control networks, but it remains unknown which aspects of the bilingual experience cause this modulation. This study explores the impact of three code-switching types on executive functions: (1) alternation, (2) insertion, and (3) dense code-switching or congruent lexicalisation. Current models hypothesise that different code-switching types challenge different aspects of the executive system because they vary in the extent and scope of language separation. Two groups of German-English bilinguals differing in dense code-switching frequency participated in a flanker task under conditions varying in degree of trial-mixing and resulting demands to conflict-monitoring. Bilinguals engaging in more dense code-switching showed inhibitory advantages in the condition requiring most conflict-monitoring. Moreover, dense code-switching frequency correlated positively with monitoring skills. This suggests that dense code-switching is a key experience shaping bilinguals’ executive functioning and highlights the importance of controlling for participants’ code-switching habits in bilingualism research.

scholarly journals Selective enhancement of attentional networks in college table tennis athletes: a preliminary investigation

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biye Wang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Chenglin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attentional Network Test ◽  
Selective Enhancement ◽  
Athlete Group

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the attentional network in college table tennis athletes. A total of 65 college students categorized as table tennis athlete group or non-athlete group participated in the study. All participants completed the attentional network test (ANT) which measured the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. The results showed a significant difference between the athlete and non-athlete group for executive control network (p < 0.01), while no differences were observed for alerting (p > 0.05) or orienting (p > 0.05) networks. These results combined suggest that college table tennis athletes exhibited selectively enhanced executive control of attentional networks.

scholarly journals A working memory intervention weakens the reconsolidation of a threat memory and its biases processing towards threat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Picco ◽  
Luz Bavassi ◽  
Rodrigo S. Fernández ◽  
María E. Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Control Networks

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThreat-conditioning (TC) memory plays a central role in anxiety disorders, but not in a simple way. This memory impacts on complex cognitive systems by modifying behavioral responses with a bias to fearful stimuli and overestimating potential threats. In this study we proposed a global approach analyzing the scope of disrupting TC memory reconsolidation in the implicit memory, the declarative contingency and the cognitive biases.METHODSDay 1: Subjects were trained on TC. Day 2: after Threat-memory reactivation, one group performed a high demanding working memory task (HWM) and the other a low demanding working memory task (LWM). The last group, only performed the HWM task. Day 3: TC memory was tested by an extinction session followed by reinstatement. Finally, all subjects completed tasks targeting stimuli representation, valuation and attentional bias towards threat.RESULTSDisrupting reconsolidation of TC memory with a HWM weakened the implicit memory retention and faded the representation and valuation towards threat but it had no effect on attentional bias. Moreover, we revealed that subjects’ performance during the working memory task was specifically associated in TC memory retention.CONCLUSIONSOur findings reveal a strong impairment of the threat-memory restabilization and associated emotional biases. This may result from the competition between defensive survival and central-executive control networks. Our results fits with Experimental Psychopathology approach, disentangling the relation between the implicit memory, cognitive, valenced systems and the possibility to weaken both the threatening memory and the systems associated with the maintenance of anxiety profile.

Twenty-Four Hours of Total Sleep Deprivation Selectively Impairs Attentional Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Jugovac ◽  
Corrado Cavallero
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phasic Alerting

Performance decrements after sleep loss have been extensively studied and are usually attributed to generic attentional deficits. This claim, however, is based on the view of attention as a unitary construct, despite evidence that it should be considered a multidimensional cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on the efficiency of three attentional networks, defined by Posner and Raichle (1994) in anatomical and functional terms, as alerting, orienting, and executive control. Thirty participants performed the Attention Network Test at 9:00 a.m. following two different sleep conditions: baseline (a normal night of sleep) and deprivation (24 hrs of wakefulness). Results showed an overall slowing in reaction times and a significant decrease in accuracy after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation selectively affected the three attentional networks, given that only executive control efficacy significantly decreased after sleep deprivation. By contrast, phasic alerting and orienting showed no differences in the two sleep conditions. Thus, performance deficits following sleep deprivation do not reflect global attentional deficits.

scholarly journals IC-P-024: EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY WITHIN THE LEFT AND RIGHT EXECUTIVE CONTROL NETWORKS IN MCI AND AD

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P31-P32
Author(s):  
Cole John Cook ◽  
Gyujoon Hwang ◽  
Veena A. Nair ◽  
Mary-Elizabeth Pasquesi ◽  
Andrew L. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Left And Right

102. Modulating Top-Down Executive Control Networks with Striatal Deep Brain Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Alik Widge ◽  
Samuel Zorowitz ◽  
Matthew Boggess ◽  
Earl Miller ◽  
Thilo Deckersbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity of Insula, Basal Ganglia, and Prefrontal Executive Control Networks during Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (31) ◽  
pp. 11012-11023 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Bolo ◽  
G. Musen ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
L. D. Nickerson ◽  
V. L. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Control Networks

scholarly journals Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PIZZO ◽  
S. URBEN ◽  
M. VAN DER LINDEN ◽  
C. BORRADORI-TOLSA ◽  
M. FRESCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Preterm Group

AbstractRecent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. (JINS, 2010, 16, 130–137.)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document