Influence on individual interpretation of expectation vs. reality of first kisses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Marsing ◽  
Malory Winkel ◽  
Daniel Lefler ◽  
Bo Smith ◽  
Alison Wiltbank
Keyword(s):  
Individual Interpretation

PEMIKIRAN FIKIH KONTEMPORER MUHAMAD SYAHRUR TENTANG POLIGAMI DAN JILBAB

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Abdul Mustaqim
Keyword(s):  
Term Limit ◽  
Elastic Domain ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Contemporary Study ◽  
Individual Interpretation

One fresh contribution to the contemporary study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is the theory of limits (nazariyyah al-hudud) promoted by a Syirian liberal Islamic figure, Muhammad Syahrur. Syahrur’s theory of limits solves the epistemological deadlock of previous works. Syahrur asserts that the theory of limits is an approach within ijtihad (individual interpretation) to study the muhkamat verses (clear and direct verses of law) of the Qur’an. The term “limit” (hudud) used by Syahrur refers to the meaning of “the bounds or restrictions of God which should not be violated, contained in the dynamic, flexible, and elastic domain of ijtihad. By using the theory of limit, Syahrur tries to re-constructs both concept poligamy and jilbab as contribution to the contemporary study of Islamic jurisprudence.

scholarly journals Getting it right: directors’ assessment of information

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Kerri O’Donnell ◽  
Barry Hicks ◽  
John Streeter ◽  
Paul Shantapriyan
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Statutory Duty ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Individual Interpretation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the increasing expectation against two concepts, information and process scepticism. In light of the Centro case judgement, directors’ decisions are held to increasing standards of due care and diligence. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper, drawing upon archival material, including statute law, case law, regulatory guidance material and media releases in Australasia. The authors review the statutory duty of care, skill and diligence expected of non-executive directors. Findings – Whether a director has exercised an appropriate level of reasonable care and skill and/or due diligence has been a matter for the courts to decide. Such retrospective analysis leaves directors vulnerable to the uncertainty of whether their individual interpretation of diligence matches up to that of the presiding judge. The authors provide directors with a framework to apply scepticism to information and processes provided by those on whom the directors may rely. Research limitations/implications – Two concepts are identified: reasonable reliance on others and the business judgement rule. The authors present arguments that challenge us to understand reasonable reliance, judgement and actions of directors in light of processing and information scepticism. Practical implications – Directors do have a different role to that of auditors; incorporating scepticism can enable directors to fulfil their responsibility towards shareholders. By applying information and process scepticism, directors of companies can reduce the likelihood and magnitude of litigation costs and out-of-court settlements. Originality/value – This paper provides a framework to apply scepticism to information and processes provided by people on whom the directors may rely.

A comparative analysis of “Hutsulka” in the performing interpretations by two violinists representing the tradition of the Kosmach-Brusturiv areal

Ethnomusic ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-177
Author(s):  
Jarema Pavliv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Melodic Line ◽  
Individual Interpretation ◽  
Formal Features

In the offered article, a comparative analysis of two performing versions of the wedding ceremonial dance “Hutsulka”, dominant in the Eastern Carpathians region of Ukraine has been made, with outstanding violinists-capellists, which, based on traditions and their own virtuoso style, developed this dance genre due to the accumulation of stable and mobile elements of melo-, rhythm- and form-making, as well as the establishment of aesthetics of regional styles. The material for the study was the audio version of the “Hutsulka” recorded on the basis of the performance of two violinists representing the region of Kosmach- Brusturiv villages tradition – Kyrylo Lyndiuk (“Vityshyn”, 1929–2003) (recorded by prof. Bogdan Lukaniuk in 1991) and Ivan Sokoliuk (born in 1944; Musician's own recording of 2017) – and transcribed by the author of the article. The performance of “Hutsulka” by each violinist is characteristic of common and distinctive features concerning the formation of the variative composition, the thematic material (respectively, 29 and 43 themes of kolomyika, kozachok and voloshka bases), tonality and rhythmic structuring, individual interpretation of ornamentation, which is collectively connected with artistic orientation on certain artistic and performing directions, presented by iconic musicians-predecessors. The formal features of the Hutsulka composition depends on scenery where it is performed (1); the tonality outline determined by established regional tradition (2), and rhythmic outline, by the overall style, varyation technics, updating and ornamentation of rhythmic formulas, characteristic of the personal manner and style of the performer (3). Ornamentation, as the essence of the performing style of any Hutsul musician, in K. “Vityshyn” is characterized by intense interweaving of short melismatic legal groups and non-legal figurations within melodic line and texture. I. Sokoliuk 166 enriches the linear movement with prolonged melismatic groups and rhythm- intonational and figurational turns that decorate it and amplify the expression of dance overall sonority. In performing aesthetics of K. Lyndiuk prevails an acute articulation of melodic expressiveness with accented and often pointed rhythmic patterns that provides representative-temperamental virtuosity. For strategic performance aesthetics of I. Sokoliuk, rich in virtuosic expressiveness, is characterized by choral and transparent ringing articulation in the context of “stratum”-development creation of the whole large-scale virtuoso composition. Each version reveals individual compositional, improvised, techno-performing, emotional as well as aesthetic mind of their creators. All these qualities, formed by both musicians in a single tradition and expressed in related kolomyika and kozachok-voloshka tunes, present the decision of developmental, composite, rhythmic, intonational, articulation, tempo and many other aspects of style, characteristic of folk violinists – soloists and capellists, inherent to each of them, in their performing manner, evident in “Hutsulka” rendering.

scholarly journals Corpus-assisted literary evaluation

Corpora ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Initial Response ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Individual Interpretation

Fleur Adcock's poem, Street Song, is evaluated by the stylistician, Roger Fowler, as ‘dynamic and disturbing’. I agree with his literary evaluation. These unsettling effects take place in initial response to the poem, effects which draw me into the work. In other words, they are experienced before proper reflection and analysis of the poem and individual interpretation of it. Implicit within Fowler's evaluation is that this is likely to apply for readers generally. The purpose of this article is to show how empirical corpus evidence can usefully provide substantiation of such initial evaluations of literary works, showing whether or not they are likely to be stereotypically experienced by readers. In drawing on both schema theory and corpus analysis to achieve this, the article makes links between cognitive stylistic and corpus stylistic foci.

scholarly journals “Underground Love”: D. H. Lawrence and “Notes from the Underground” by F. M. Dostoevsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-250
Author(s):  
E. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reference ◽  
The Novel ◽  
First Time ◽  
Individual Interpretation ◽  
Women In Love

The reception of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Notes from the Underground” in the works and correspondence of D. H. Lawrence is analyzed in the article. The novelty of the study is in the fact that the influence of this story on Lawrence’s prose is being studied for the first time. Particular attention is paid to Lawrence’s letters to the translator S. S. Kotelyansky, with whom the English writer shared his impressions of reading the works of Russian classics, especially Dostoevsky, as well as to one of the letters addressed to the writer G. Campbell, which contains the only direct reference to “Notes from the Underground” in Lawrence. This letter reveals an individual interpretation of the story by Lawrence. It is proved that this interpretation turns out to be close to the reading of the Notes by L. Shestov. The question is raised about the existing parallels between the text of Dostoevsky and the novels of D. G. Lawrence (“Women in Love”, “The Lost Girl”, “Rainbow” and “Aaron’s Rod”). The similarity is seen in the peculiar interpretation of the Underground concept by Lawrence. It is shown that the image of the Underground in the works of the English writer (usually expressed by the words “underworld”, “subterranean”) is always somehow connected with the irrational principle and is involved in the formation of Lawrence sensualism.

COGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING NOVEL GENRE CHARACTERISTICS (based on the analysis of “Never Let Me Go” by Kazuo Ishiguro)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
N.N. Boldyrev ◽  
◽  
B.S. Zhumagulova ◽  
D.T. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Kazuo Ishiguro ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Individual Interpretation

The article analyses the role of chronotope in implementing genre characteristics of different types of novels within the frame of one novel in a cognitive approach perspective. The authors proceed from the theoretical assumption that the content of any novel represents a multidimensional knowledge of the matrix format comprising various types of conceptual domains as specific cognitive contexts. These contexts refer to the knowledge not only about the plot and the composition of the novel, but also about its genre characteristics and their individual interpretation by the author of the novel. Accordingly, they choose cognitive matrix analysis as the methodological basis of the research. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of general principles and mechanisms of the author's individual interpretation and implementation of the concept of chronotope, suggested by M.M. Bakhtin, within the framework of a specific novel. In relation to the novel under discussion the authors of the article model chronotope in the form of the cognitive matrix SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM and analyze its conceptual structure as it is seen by the author of the novel, as well as his choice of means of its representation in language. The results of the cognitive matrix and linguistic analysis lead to the conclusion that typical genre features of the novel are implemented through characteristics of the basic concepts of the respective conceptual domains and means of their linguistic representation. The article also argues close relationship between all of these characteristics and the dominant role of some of them in relation to the others.

Analysis on the Thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on the Ijtihad Method for Sukuk Instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mif Rohim Noyo Sarkun ◽  
Shereeza Mohamed Saniff
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Approach Theory ◽  
Economic Needs ◽  
Resource Levels ◽  
Capitalistic System ◽  
Individual Interpretation

The paper aims to analyse the thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on sukuk instruments. This paper is divided into two  parts. The first part presents the need yet destructive forces of globalization and free trade era in today’s civilization dominated by a capitalistic system which had inadvertently caused global financial crisis and accelerated the issue on poverty, knowledge deficiency and moral decadence. These destructive forces have led to the rise of the Islamic economy concept, amongst others on the need for sukuk instruments. The discussion focuses on sukuk instrument as sukuk has an important role in free trade to fulfill the increased extraordinary economic needs of Islamic countries as well as to realize the economic needs of the entire world. The second part of the paper then analyses the legal aspects of sukuk being a subject of ongoing debate among the experts of Islamic law that seemingly has a negative tendencies on the development of sukuk. The group that rejects sukuk are influenced by the qiyas (analogical) method of Imam Syafi‘i who assumed that sukuk has the conventional elements of risk (gharar) and gambling (maisir).  The group that accepts sukuk is influenced by the thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah who assumed that sukuk is a case of individual interpretation and judgment of Islamic law that should go through the ijtihad method. It is found that both schools of thoughts in essence accepted sukuk as an Islamic financial instrument. This is because Imam Abu Hanifah relied on the istihsan method whilst when Imam Syafi‘i digressed from the qiyas method and used the takhsis theory, the resource levels of legal sources theory and the language approach theory. These theories relied by Imam Syafi’i are all in essence the istihsan theory according to Imam Abu Hanifah. 

Patronage from the Privy Chamber: Sir Anthony Denny and Religious Reform

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Swensen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
The Other ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Church ◽  
Individual Interpretation

Among the accomplished humanists who flourished in the court of Henry VIII, there were a number devoted to the promotion of the “New Faith,” which, with its emphasis on classical learning and rereading of the church fathers, also called into question certain theological truths of Rome as well as the authority of the pope. The most immediate and effective means for this promotion were the various types of patronage readily available to holders of government and household office, both high and low. There is a certain irony here as Henry had, after his split with Rome, declared that there would be no doctrinal innovation, simply that the head of the English church would be the English king rather than the pope at Rome. Yet members of his own court whose actions should have supported and carried out his expressed intentions were those who advanced the very doctrinal innovations he professed to deplore. The reason for this incongruity may be found at least in part in the actions of the king rather than in his words, as he did not develop and follow through with any consistent religious program. As a result, the signals sent to court members were at best mixed and open to individual interpretation. A remarkable latitude in personal policies resulted as members of both Protestant and Catholic factions jockeyed for power. Conservatives, believing they supported the royal wishes, opposed vigorously any further innovation in religious affairs. On the other hand, courtiers who were theologically curious quite easily could believe that, in patronizing sometimes extreme reformers, they were merely carrying out Henry's real but not clearly stated intentions.

scholarly journals Non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular risk: moving beyond categorisation to individual interpretation of absolute risk

Diabetologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chamnan ◽  
R. K. Simmons ◽  
R. Jackson ◽  
K. T. Khaw ◽  
N. J. Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Individual Interpretation

Dizziness, driving, and the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency: audit of advice given to patients, and design of a patient information leaflet

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (09) ◽  
pp. 822-824
Author(s):  
J D Sinnott ◽  
H Mahoney ◽  
A S Wilkinson ◽  
S J Broomfield
Keyword(s):  
Patient Information ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Patient Information Leaflet ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Individual Interpretation

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from the literature shows that clinicians’ knowledge of rules and legislation surrounding driving can often be poor. A closed-loop audit was conducted to gauge the level of driving advice given to patients with dizziness.MethodsThe clinical notes of 100 patients referred to the vertigo clinic at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively searched for evidence of driving advice. Education sessions were undertaken and a patient information leaflet was developed before a second cycle of the audit.Results and conclusionThe proportion of patients having documented evidence of receiving driving advice increased from 6.3 per cent to 10.4 per cent. It is therefore clear that, despite this improvement, a significant proportion of patients’ notes did not contain documentation about driving. This is likely because of many reasons, including individual interpretation by clinicians. This paper provides a reminder of the rules, and discusses their interpretation and implementation in an increasingly medicolegal environment.

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