Effects of Acute Stress on Blood Glucose Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Voege ◽  
Theodore Robles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Acute Stress

scholarly journals Role of small leucine zipper protein in hepatic gluconeogenesis and metabolic disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Sun Kyoung Han ◽  
Suhyun Kim ◽  
Sungyeon Park ◽  
Yerin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Leucine Zipper Protein

Abstract Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.

Carbohydrate and Protein Supplements, an Effective Means for Maintaining Exercise-Induced Glucose Metabolism Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128
Author(s):  
Dingguo Ruan ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study aimed to verify the effects of an independently developed carbohydrate and protein (CHO+P) beverage (7.2% oligosaccharide and 1.6% soy-polypeptide) supplement on exerciseinduced glucose metabolism and associated gene expression. Mice received 1 mL/100 g body weight of normal saline (group C; n = 36) or CHO+P (group E; n = 36) at 30 min before an immediately after exercise. Mice without exercise and supplementation served as normal controls (group NC; n = 9). The expression levels related to glucose metabolism were measured at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h after exercise (n = 9 per group). The blood glucose, insulin, and liver glycogen contents in groups C and E were dramatically lower than group NC immediately after exercise. Those in group E were significantly higher than group C, with few differences between the two. Muscle glycogen was restored more quickly when the CHO+P beverage was consumed compared to normal saline. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) mRNA could be depressed by CHO+P supplementation but enhanced in GLUT-4 protein. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed a double peak curve in the recovery period, but IL-6 increased again in group E earlier than group C. These findings confirmed that the beverage has significantly improved time in maintaining blood glucose stability, reducing glycogen consumption, accelerating glycogen resynthesis, and repairing injury in rats. This study suggests the future application of this beverage in humans with experimental support and provides a scientific direction for promoting glycogen synthesis and recovery through nutrition.

Insulin resistance induced by long-term sleep deprivation in rhesus macaques can be attenuated by Bifidobacterium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yan Shu ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Zili Zhou ◽  
Xiong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Long-term sleep deprivation (SD) is a bad lifestyle habit, especially among specific occupational practitioners, characterized by circadian rhythm misalignment and abnormal sleep/wake cycles. SD is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disturbance, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a critical insulin release determinant secreted by the intestinal L-cell upon food intake. Besides, the gut microbiota participates in metabolic homeostasis and regulates GLP-1 release in a circadian rhythm manner. As a commonly recognized intestinal probiotic, Bifidobacterium has various clinical indications regarding its curative effect. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on sleep disorders. In the present study, we explored the impact of long-term SD on the endocrine metabolism of rhesus monkeys and determined the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the SD-induced metabolic status. Lipids concentrations, body weight, fast blood glucose, and insulin levels increased after SD. Furthermore, after two months of long-term SD, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (iVGTT) showed that the glucose metabolism was impaired and the insulin sensitivity decreased. Moreover, one month of Bifidobacterium oral administration significantly reduced blood glucose and attenuated insulin resistance in rhesus macaques. Overall, our results suggested that Bifidobacterium might be used to alleviate SD-induced aberrant glucose metabolism and improve insulin resistance. Also, it might help in better understanding the mechanisms governing the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium.

Effects of MDMA on blood glucose levels and brain glucose metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Soto-Montenegro ◽  
J. J. Vaquero ◽  
C. Arango ◽  
G. Ricaurte ◽  
P. García-Barreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Brain Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Effects of supplemental chromium and heat exposure on glucose metabolism and insulin action in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SANO ◽  
S. KONNO ◽  
A. SHIGA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Infusion Rate ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Dilution Method

An isotope dilution method using [U-13C]glucose and a glucose clamp approach were applied to determine the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) and heat exposure on blood glucose metabolism and tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in sheep. The sheep consumed diets with either 0 or 1 mg of Cr/kg (Control and +Cr diet, respectively) from high-Cr-yeast, and were exposed from a thermoneutral environment (20 °C) to a hot environment (30 °C) for 5 days. Blood glucose turnover rate did not differ between the diets, and was lower (P < 0·05) during heat exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. The maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin) tended to be lower (P = 0·06) for the +Cr diet than for the Control diet, but did not change with heat exposure. The plasma insulin concentration at half maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue sensitivity to insulin) did not differ between the diets, and was greater (P < 0·05) during heat exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. No significant diet × environment interactions were observed. There was no significant evidence that Cr supplementation moderated heat stress in sheep from the measures of blood glucose metabolism and insulin action.

scholarly journals ENDOCRINE SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS: Effects of anti-cancer targeted therapies on lipid and glucose metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. R43-R55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Vergès ◽  
Thomas Walter ◽  
Bertrand Cariou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ldl Catabolism

During the past years, targeted therapies for cancer have been developed using drugs that have significant metabolic consequences. Among them, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and, to a much lesser extent, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are involved. mTOR plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors is associated with a significant increase in plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. mTOR inhibitors seem to increase plasma triglycerides by reducing the activity of the lipoprotein lipase which is in charge of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The increase in LDL cholesterol observed with mTOR inhibitors seems to be due to a decrease in LDL catabolism secondary to a reduction of LDL receptor expression. In addition, treatment with mTOR inhibitors is associated with a high incidence of hyperglycemia, ranging from 13 to 50% in the clinical trials. The mechanisms responsible for hyperglycemia with new onset diabetes are not clear, but are likely due to the combination of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. TKIs do not induce hyperlipidemia but alter glucose homeostasis. Treatment with TKIs may be associated either with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. The molecular mechanism by which TKIs control glucose homeostasis remains unknown. Owing to the metabolic consequences of these agents used as targeted anti-cancer therapies, a specific and personalized follow-up of blood glucose and lipids is recommended when using mTOR inhibitors and of blood glucose when using TKIs.

scholarly journals Remodeling Intestinal Flora with Sleeve Gastrectomy in Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Huang ◽  
Pan Weng ◽  
Huixin Zhang ◽  
Yingli Lu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sham Operation

Objective. As a complicated symbiotic system, intestinal flora is reported closely related to the development of type 2 diabetes recently. Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the approaches of bariatric surgery and could improve blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients. This study was to explore the relationship between remodeled intestinal flora and glucose metabolism in diabetic rats.Methods. 20 male diabetic rats were operated; 10 of them underwent sleeve gastrectomy, and 10 of them underwent sham operation. Meanwhile 10 male normal rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy as control. The animals’ weight and FBG had been measured. The composition changes of intestinal flora were detected by 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Results. In diabetic rats, weight and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after sleeve gastrectomy. However, there was no significant change for weight and blood glucose in normal rats after operation. The intestinal flora of diabetic rats reduced in the proportion of Firmicutes and increased in the proportion of Bacteroidetes after sleeve gastrectomy.Conclusion. The change of dominant microorganisms in intestinal flora might play an important role in the glucose metabolism.

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