Achievement Goals and Anxiety in College Athletes: A Cluster Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Eisenbarth ◽  
Linda M. Petlichkoff
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
College Athletes

scholarly journals Structure of Achievement Motivation Dispositions in Elite and Non-Elite Track and Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Anna Pietrzak ◽  
Aleksandra Tokarz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Athletic Competence

AbstractAchievement motivation is a distinguishing disposition in elite and non-elite athletes. Implicit theories and competence perception influence the types of achievement goals and constitute separate achievement motivation dispositions. The context of sport promotes various achievement goals and implicit theories about athletic competence. For this reason, scientific research should focus on the intrapersonal profiles of achievement motivation dispositions (achievement goals, implicit theories, and competence perception) instead of specifying only one of them. This study explores differences between elite and non-elite athletes in terms of intrapersonal profiles of achievement motivation dispositions. 54 elite and 50 non-elite track and field athletes took part in the study. The results suggest that athletes tend to perceive their competence accurately. Cluster analysis of the studied dispositions was conducted. The clusters present sets of achievement dispositions that vary in intensity. Moreover, the results present trends of the differences between elite and non-elite athletes in two of the three clusters obtained in the study.

scholarly journals Perceived Competence, Achievement Goals, and Return-To-Sport Outcomes: A Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2980
Author(s):  
Elyse D’Astous ◽  
Leslie Podlog ◽  
Ryan Burns ◽  
Maria Newton ◽  
Bradley Fawver
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Sport Injury ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Athletic Injury ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Approach Goals

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mediating effect of achievement goals on perceived competence and return-to-sport outcomes among college athletes sustaining a sport injury. Altogether, 75 male and female college athletes from the United States who returned to sport after having missed competition for an average of 3 weeks due to injury, completed valid and reliable inventories measuring perceived competence, achievement goals, and return-to-sport outcomes. Results indicated that task-approach goals significantly mediated the relationship between perceived competence and a renewed sport perspective. These data suggest the importance of promoting competence beliefs and a task-oriented focus among athletes returning to sport following athletic injury. From a practical standpoint, clinicians can foster competence perceptions by integrating progressive physical tests assessing functionality and sport-specific skills/abilities. Furthermore, these data suggest that coaches, physical therapists, and significant others may do well to use language that orients injured athletes towards attaining success as opposed to avoiding failure, to emphasize effort, task completion, and correct form, and to avoid comments that compare athletes to others or to their preinjury standards of performance. From a theoretical standpoint, our mediation findings extend previous achievement goal research into the sport injury domain, further highlighting the importance of task-approach goals.

scholarly journals Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players – a cluster analysis

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Adilson Marques
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motivational Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Profile Characteristics

To better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level in adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation among different motivational profiles created by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants were 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4±4.6 years). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires, cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between the players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players of different competition levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics of football players of different competition levels most represented in each respective cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to any competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competition levels presents itself as a future research opportunity.

Motivational Profiles and Achievement Goal Dominance in Physical Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Méndez-Giménez ◽  
José-Antonio Cecchini-Estrada ◽  
Javier Fernández-Río
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Motivational Profiles

AbstractThe main goal was to compare idiographic profiles of achievement goal dominance (AGD) and motivational profiles based on 2x2 achievement goals to improve our understanding of how the four achievement goals work in conjunction with one another, and to discern which profiles are most adaptive in the Physical Education context. A total of 351 students (203 males; 148 females) (M = 14.26 ± 1.37 years) from 3 different secondary schools agreed to participate. 86.6% (N = 303) showed AGD, mostly mastery-approach dominance (62.9%).We examined the four AGD groups’ idiographic profiles and how they relate to certain positive (autonomous motivation and positive affect) and negative variables (controlled motivation and amotivation). The results supported the hypotheses of AGD theory (MANOVA one-way, Wilks’ lambda = .609, F(24, 298) = 7.96, p < .001, η2 = .15). Subsequently, k-means cluster analysis was performed, yielding 4 distinct achievement goal profiles. The most adaptive was named “mastery goals”, while “high achievement goals” were the second most adaptive. AGD participants’distribution across the different motivational clusters was also ascertained (MANOVA one-way, Wilks’ lambda = .678, F(12, 910) = 12.01, p < .001, η2 = .12).

scholarly journals Perfiles motivacionales en las sesiones de educación física (Motivational profiles in physical education sessions)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Dolors Cañabate Ortíz ◽  
Joan Pau Torralba Vicens ◽  
Javier Cachón Zagalaz ◽  
Mª Luisa Zagalaz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Motivational Profiles

El objetivo del estudio ha sido determinar los diferentes perfiles motivacionales que existen en una clase formada por alumnos de 4º, 5º y 6º de primaria. Las variables que se han utilizado para el posterior análisis han sido las metas de logro, la percepción del clima motivacional y de las estrategias que utiliza el docente para mantener la disciplina, las razones para ser disciplinados y los motivos de práctica en las clases de educación física. Se presenta un análisis de los estadísticos descriptivos que permite observar las puntuaciones medias de todas las variables, un análisis de correlación de Pearson, análisis jerárquico de Clúster y análisis multivariado (MANOVAS). El estudio revela la existencia de tres perfiles motivacionales y permite al docente ver la predominancia de razones intrínsecas en una gran parte de alumnos. También se aprecia como el clima motivacional que fomentan los profesores de EF ejerce influencia sobre la manera en que se dan los diferentes comportamientos y actitudes de los alumnos.Palabras clave: Educación Física, Orientación motivacional, percepción, clima y motivación.Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the different motivational profiles that exist in a class consisting of students from the 4th, 5th and 6th grade. The variables that were used for subsequent analysis were achievement goals, perceived motivational climate and strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, the reasons for discipline and practical reasons in classes physical education. We present a descriptive statistical analysis that allows to observe the mean scores of all variables a Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and multivariate analysis (MANOVAs). The study reveals the existence of three motivational profiles and allows the teacher to see the predominance of intrinsic reasons a lot of students. Also seen as a motivational climate that encourage PE teachers influences the way they give different behaviors and attitudes of studentsKey words: Physical Education, motivational orientation, perception, climate and motivation.

scholarly journals Profiles of Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Settings: An Examination of Differences in Contextual Motivation, Affect, and Achievement Goals

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zişan Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Positive Effects

Understanding leisure-time physical activity is vital for a healthy world. It is well known that physical activity has positive effects on psychological health, but further evidence is required to ascertain how different environments influence positive behavioral outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the differences in contextual motivation, affect, and achievement goals according to profiles of basic psychological needs in adult exercisers. The sample consisted of 401 young adult exercisers ranging in age from 18 to 40 years from fitness centers in Izmir, Turkey. Participants completed measures of basic needs satisfaction, exercise motivations, trait affect, and achievement goals. Hierarchical cluster analysis, k-mean cluster analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and post hoc analyses were performed. The results in this study revealed that the participants in Cluster 1, who were labeled as “very satisfied”, had higher scores than the other clusters in terms of positive behavioral outcomes. The results of this study revealed that greater satisfaction of the basic psychological needs leads to positive behavioral consequences in exercise contexts.

Relationships between students’ individual interest, achievement goals, perceived competence and situational interest: A cluster analysis in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2110459
Author(s):  
Cédric Roure ◽  
Vanessa Lentillon-Kaestner
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Situational Interest ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Students ◽  
Validated Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between students’ individual interest, achievement goals, perceived competence and situational interest, by using a cluster analysis in swimming. Three hundred and eighty-two secondary school students ( Mage  =  14.8, SD  =  0.9, 52.4% girls, aged 13–17) enrolled in swimming lessons during physical education classes participated in the study. They responded to validated questionnaires assessing their individual and situational interest, achievement goals and perceived competence in swimming. A cluster analysis was performed to examine students’ profiles in relation to their individual interest in swimming. Then, for each profile identified, correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between students’ individual interest, achievement goals, perceived competence and situational interest. Four different students’ profiles were identified, which represented a continuum from a ‘Very low individual interest and triggering situational interest’ towards a ‘Well-developed individual interest and actualised situational interest’. Each profile was characterised by specific relationships between individual interest, achievement goals, perceived competence and situational interest. Referring to the model of interest development ( Hidi and Renninger, 2006 ), the four profiles identified were aligned with the four phases that represent the transition from students’ situational interest towards students’ individual interest.

Cluster analysis for large data sets: applications to individual aerosol particles from the mid-pacific

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1488-1489
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Shattuck ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
Neil W. Tindale ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Halogen Chemistry ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Automated Scanning

Individual particle analysis involves the study of tens of thousands of particles using automated scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis by energy-dispersive, x-ray emission spectroscopy (EDS). EDS produces large data sets that must be analyzed using multi-variate statistical techniques. A complete study uses cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and factor or principal components analysis (PCA). The three techniques are used in the study of particles sampled during the FeLine cruise to the mid-Pacific ocean in the summer of 1990. The mid-Pacific aerosol provides information on long range particle transport, iron deposition, sea salt ageing, and halogen chemistry.Aerosol particle data sets suffer from a number of difficulties for pattern recognition using cluster analysis. There is a great disparity in the number of observations per cluster and the range of the variables in each cluster. The variables are not normally distributed, they are subject to considerable experimental error, and many values are zero, because of finite detection limits. Many of the clusters show considerable overlap, because of natural variability, agglomeration, and chemical reactivity.

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