scholarly journals Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players – a cluster analysis

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Adilson Marques
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motivational Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Profile Characteristics

To better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level in adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation among different motivational profiles created by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants were 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4±4.6 years). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires, cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between the players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players of different competition levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics of football players of different competition levels most represented in each respective cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to any competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competition levels presents itself as a future research opportunity.

scholarly journals Types of professionalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Lang ◽  
Torsten Schlesinger ◽  
Markus Lamprecht ◽  
Kaisa Ruoranen ◽  
Christoffer Klenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify types of professionalization in Swiss national sport federations (NSFs) and analyze organizational characteristics associated with specific types of professionalization. Such types reveal common patterns among the increasingly complex organizational designs of NSFs and thus contribute to the understanding of professionalization in NSFs. Design/methodology/approach An online survey of all Swiss NSFs was conducted to identify types of professionalization in these organizations using hierarchical cluster analysis, based on a multi-dimensional framework of professionalization. Findings The analysis revealed four types of professionalization: formalized NSFs managed by paid staff, NSFs managed by volunteers and a few paid staff off the field, NSFs with differing formalization and paid staff on the field, and moderately formalized NSFs managed by volunteers. The types differ in terms of the NSFs’ organizational characteristics, in particular, size, financial resources, Olympic status, and performance. Originality/value Applying factor and cluster analysis is a new approach to analyzing professionalization in NSFs that makes uncovering distinctive organizational patterns among a large number of NSFs possible. These results lay the foundation for understanding the professionalization of NSFs, counseling NSFs on their organizational development, and conducting future research on the design types of sport organizations.

Self-Regulation, Engagement, Motivation, and Performance in a Simulated Quality Control Task

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 944-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kraig L. Schell ◽  
Ellen C. Melton ◽  
Abbie Woodruff ◽  
G. Brandon Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Lower Specificity ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

This study examined how self-regulation and task-related motivation were related to the accuracy of error detection and task engagement in a simulated quality control task that mimicked prescription-checking behavior in a pharmacy. Ninety-one participants completed measures of self-regulation, task engagement, and task-related motivation and then checked 80 simulated scripts with inserted error ratios ranging from 26% to 38%. Motivation and task engagement were assessed at the beginning of the task, the midpoint of the task, and after the task was over. Performance was measured in terms of sensitivity (error detections) and specificity (false alarm responses). Results indicated that motivation was correlated with higher sensitivity, while self-regulation was correlated with lower specificity. Higher mid-task motivation and higher self-regulation were also predictive of greater task engagement at the midpoint of the task only. Results are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Perfiles motivacionales en las sesiones de educación física (Motivational profiles in physical education sessions)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Dolors Cañabate Ortíz ◽  
Joan Pau Torralba Vicens ◽  
Javier Cachón Zagalaz ◽  
Mª Luisa Zagalaz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Motivational Profiles

El objetivo del estudio ha sido determinar los diferentes perfiles motivacionales que existen en una clase formada por alumnos de 4º, 5º y 6º de primaria. Las variables que se han utilizado para el posterior análisis han sido las metas de logro, la percepción del clima motivacional y de las estrategias que utiliza el docente para mantener la disciplina, las razones para ser disciplinados y los motivos de práctica en las clases de educación física. Se presenta un análisis de los estadísticos descriptivos que permite observar las puntuaciones medias de todas las variables, un análisis de correlación de Pearson, análisis jerárquico de Clúster y análisis multivariado (MANOVAS). El estudio revela la existencia de tres perfiles motivacionales y permite al docente ver la predominancia de razones intrínsecas en una gran parte de alumnos. También se aprecia como el clima motivacional que fomentan los profesores de EF ejerce influencia sobre la manera en que se dan los diferentes comportamientos y actitudes de los alumnos.Palabras clave: Educación Física, Orientación motivacional, percepción, clima y motivación.Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the different motivational profiles that exist in a class consisting of students from the 4th, 5th and 6th grade. The variables that were used for subsequent analysis were achievement goals, perceived motivational climate and strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, the reasons for discipline and practical reasons in classes physical education. We present a descriptive statistical analysis that allows to observe the mean scores of all variables a Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and multivariate analysis (MANOVAs). The study reveals the existence of three motivational profiles and allows the teacher to see the predominance of intrinsic reasons a lot of students. Also seen as a motivational climate that encourage PE teachers influences the way they give different behaviors and attitudes of studentsKey words: Physical Education, motivational orientation, perception, climate and motivation.

scholarly journals Segmenting Inbound Tourists Using Destination Image

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Dev Jani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
African Context

The purpose of this study was to segment inbound tourists to Tanzania using destination image. A self-administered structured questionnaire was conveniently distributed to inbound tourist to Tanzania in two major international airports in Tanzania. The questionnaire captured destination image using a five point Likert type scale while the demographics, sources of travel information, and travel behavior were captured using dichotomy or multiple choice questions. A total of 625 dully filled questionnaires were used for data analysis. A factor-cluster analysis was used in analyzing the data, with factor analysis serving in reducing the items into few dimensions that were subsequently subjected to stepwise cluster analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to explore the possible numbers of clusters followed by hierarchical cluster analysis (k-means) that confirmed the appropriate number of clusters. A three cluster solution was obtained with follow up one way ANOVA, t-tests, and Chi-square indicating statistical significance differences between the clusters basing on travel motives and travel behavior. The findings offer practical implications to destination managers on the use of destination image in marketing destinations to different tourist segments. This study explored the possible tourist segments basing on destination image of less researched African context.

scholarly journals Maladaptive use of ICT in adolescence: Profiles, supervision and technological stress

Comunicar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adoración Díaz-López ◽  
Javier-Jerónimo Maquilón-Sánchez ◽  
Ana-Belén Mirete-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technological Stress

ICT use during adolescence is now commonplace. Its power of attraction and the vulnerable condition of adolescents are giving rise to growing concern, aggravated by the imminent consequences of such synergy. In order to deepen understanding of this relationship, the following research objectives were formulated: a) Analyze the frequency of ICT use; b) Examine family supervision; c) Identify stress associated with the use of ICTs; d) Establish profiles of ICT use. The sample consisted of 1,101 adolescents of 10 educational centers in Southeastern Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed and contingency tables, Chi Square, Cramer V, hierarchical cluster analysis and one-factor ANOVA were used. The results show that more than 60% of adolescents use ICTs without supervision and that 1 out of 3 feel stressed in the absence of the Internet. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the frequency of ICT use and stress, as well as with family supervision. A solution of three groups or profiles of use was obtained. 45% of the subjects display maladaptive use or signs of it. The study concludes by stressing that the relationship between adolescents and ICTs is far from ideal and warns of the urgent need to train adolescents and parents in the responsible use of ICTs. El uso de las TIC durante la adolescencia es un hecho normalizado en la actualidad. Su poder de atracción y la condición de vulnerabilidad de los púberes están suscitando una creciente preocupación, agravada por las consecuencias inminentes de tal sinergia. Con la finalidad de profundizar en esta relación, se formulan los siguientes objetivos de investigación: a) Analizar la frecuencia de uso de las TIC; b) Examinar la supervisión familiar; c) Identificar estrés asociado al uso de las TIC; d) Establecer perfiles de uso de las TIC. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.101 adolescentes de 10 centros educativos del Sureste Español. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se emplearon tablas de contingencia, Chi Cuadrado, V de Cramer, análisis de clúster jerárquico y ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados arrojan que más del 60% de los adolescentes usa las TIC sin supervisión y que uno de cada tres se siente estresado ante la ausencia de Internet. Además, se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la frecuencia de uso de las TIC y el estrés, así como con la supervisión familiar. Se obtuvo una solución de tres grupos o perfiles de uso. El 45% de los sujetos tiene un uso desadaptado o indicios del mismo. Se concluye subrayando que la relación entre adolescentes y TIC dista mucho de la deseada y se alerta de la imperiosa necesidad de formar a adolescentes y a progenitores en el uso responsable de las TIC.

scholarly journals Prevailing theoretical approaches predicting sustainable business models: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
João J. Ferreira ◽  
Cristina I. Fernandes ◽  
Pedro M. Veiga ◽  
Mathew Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Sustainable Business Models

PurposeThis study aims to map scientific publications, intellectual structure and research trends in the sustainable business model (SBM) field. Specifically, it attempts to (1) identify the fundamental contributions of research in this area of knowledge; and (2) determine the research lines that constitute the most prominent intellectual structure. We leverage these insights to formulate and propose a future research agenda for SBM.Design/methodology/approachThe authors made recourse to the bibliometric, co-citation and cluster analysis techniques. To evaluate potential patterns among articles, we analysed how articles are jointly cited. We further applied hierarchical cluster analysis to the articles and used co-citation analysis to group the interrelated articles into distinct sets.FindingsThe results enable the identification and classification of the prevailing theoretical foci in the domain of SBM: (1) SBM implementation; (2) SBM challenges; (3) institutional SBM; (4) circular SBM; and (5) emerging SBM.Originality/valueThis study identifies, explores, analyses and summarises the main theoretical approaches and themes surrounding SBM research to date, contributing to deepening the literature by identifying the priority areas concerning sustainable business models and encouraging future research of an internationally excellent standard.

Too Much of a Good Thing? Trade-offs in Promotion and Prevention Focus

2012 ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Scholer ◽  
E. Tory Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Focus Theory ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Different kinds of motivational orientations provide distinctive ways of perceiving the world, dealing with life's inevitable slings and arrows, regulating challenges and opportunities, and creating success. In this chapter, we explore these differences in the two motivational systems outlined in regulatory focus theory: the promotion and prevention systems (Higgins, 1997). In particular, we discuss these systems in terms of the trade-offs in each; what are the benefits and costs of a strong promotion focus? What are the advantages and drawbacks of a strong prevention focus? We explore the trade-offs of each system with regard to three significant aspects of self-regulation and motivation: emotional experiences, the balance between commitment versus exploration, and performance. We conclude by discussing the importance of constraints on these systems for effective self-regulation and by suggesting avenues for future research.

Empowerment among generations

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-328
Author(s):  
Usha Singh ◽  
Daniel Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post War ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Robustness Check

The study investigates differences in people’s attitudes towards empowerment among generations and other demographic variables as there are only few insights available so far. Therefore, a combination of a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis is used, leading to two clusters termed ‘empowered employees’ and ‘less empowered employees’. Chi-square tests are applied to investigate the differences in the demographic variables among the clusters. Furthermore, a discriminant analysis is carried out to check the segmentation strength and the consistency of the clusters. Additionally, multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) and logit estimations are used as a robustness check. Results indicate that people from Generation X and the Post-war Generation are more likely to tend towards empowerment than Baby Boomers.

scholarly journals Companies’ competitiveness in the context of food embargo: Brand orientation of Russian food producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Olga A. Kusraeva ◽  
◽  
Vera A. Rebiazina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Brand Orientation ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Brand Values ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, based on an empirical study of 198 Russian companies-food producers, an attempt is made to identify the features of brand orientation realization in the context of the food embargo. The data was collected using a questionnaire based on a brand orientation scale, developed under the circumstances of the Russian market features. The data collected are analyzed using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result of the cluster analysis, a typology of Russian companies-food producers is formed, four clusters are identified, differing in the level of brand orientation and the specifics of brand management activities: 1. high brand orientation, 2. medium brand orientation focused on communication, 3. low brand orientation focused on research, 4. no brand orientation. Each cluster is described by eight parameters that reflect the characteristics of brand management: the focus of the company's brand management activities, brand identity, employees, positioning, brand values, communications, visual identification, and performance evaluation. For each cluster, the features and limitations are identified, which determines the behavior of the companies in the Russian market. The article also defines the marketing features of the Russian food market caused by the introduction of the food embargo, reveals a change in the structure of foreign food suppliers to Russia, as well as a change in the level of competition among companies operating in the Russian market. In addition, the results of the cluster analysis were compared with the data of the TGI Marketing Index, which revealed the correlation between the indicators of brand effectiveness and the level of brand orientation implementation.

scholarly journals Who Thrives Under Pressure? Predicting the Performance of Elite Academy Cricketers Using the Cardiovascular Indicators of Challenge and Threat States

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Turner ◽  
Marc V. Jones ◽  
David Sheffield ◽  
Matthew J. Slater ◽  
Jamie B. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Challenge And Threat ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Avoidance Goals

This study assessed whether cardiovascular (CV) reactivity patterns indexing challenge and threat states predicted batting performance in elite male county (N = 12) and national (N = 30) academy cricketers. Participants completed a batting test under pressure, before which CV reactivity was recorded in response to ego-threatening audio instructions. Self-reported self-efficacy, control, achievement goals, and emotions were also assessed. Challenge CV reactivity predicted superior performance in the Batting Test, compared with threat CV reactivity. The relationships between self-report measures and CV reactivity, and self-report measures and performance were inconsistent. A small subsample of participants who exhibited threat CV reactivity, but performed well, reported greater self-efficacy than participants who exhibited threat CV reactivity, but performed poorly. Also a small subsample of participants who exhibited challenge reactivity, but performed poorly, had higher avoidance goals than participants with challenge reactivity who performed well. The mechanisms for the observed relationship between CV reactivity and performance are discussed alongside implications for future research and applied practice.

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