Achievement in large-scale national numeracy assessment: An ecological study of motivation and student, home, and school predictors.

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Martin ◽  
Goran Lazendic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Home And School

A Two-Generational Approach to Promoting a Successful Transition to Kindergarten

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-340
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Pears ◽  
Hyoun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Transition To Kindergarten ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Behavioral Expectations ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Learning At Home ◽  
Home And School

The kindergarten transition is a time when both children and parents face changes in routines, environments, and peers. The new cognitive and behavioral expectations for children at school may also require enhanced parenting skills. Thus, programming to support the transition to kindergarten for children requires a two-generational approach. This chapter describes the Kids In Transition to School (KITS) Program, an intervention designed to help both children and parents gain the essential skills necessary to make a positive transition to kindergarten. For children, this includes academic and social-emotional skills. For parents, this includes skills to support children's learning at home and school as well as positive parenting skills. Evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials and a large-scale implementation shows positive effects on both children and parents. Future directions for research are also explored.

Ecological Notes on the Sirex Wood Wasps and their Parasites

1939 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Insect Behaviour ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The ecological study of Sirex and its parasites was begun in 1927 and continued while making large-scale collections of the parasites for shipment to New Zealand with the ultimate object of the control of Sirex noctilio, a species of woodwasp which has been established in the Dominion for many years.2. A brief outline of the life-cycle of Sirex and the parasites is given. The difference in the method of attack by the parasites on the host is described, and some points of interest in connection with insect behaviour are discussed.3. The methods of collection are described and particulars given about the number of parasites collected.4. The inter-relationship of the host and parasites is discussed. It is shown that a single generation of Sirex can support three generations of Rhyssa and one generation of Ibalia, and that the effects of parasitism by Rhyssa are cumulative. The percentage of parasitism by Rhyssa cannot, therefore, be calculated on the results of any one year. Rhyssa is intrinsically superior to Ibalia and super-parasitism of Ibalia by Rhyssa is of very frequent occurrence. It is shown that the figures for parasitism by Ibalia obtained by the dissection of Sirex larvae collected from a number of logs, over a period including summer months, are liable to be very misleading.

Large-scale occupancy surveys in East Antarctica discover new Adélie penguin breeding sites and reveal an expanding breeding distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Southwell ◽  
Louise Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
Large Scale Survey

AbstractKnowledge of spatial distribution is fundamental to ecological studies and crucial for conservation and management of species and biodiversity, but detailed, large-scale spatial data are lacking for most taxa. Although the Adélie penguin is one of the most intensively studied Antarctic vertebrates, spatial data that could aid in ecological study and conservation management are incomplete. We undertook a large-scale survey of the current breeding distribution of Adélie penguins along 3800 km of the East Antarctic coastline. The survey increased the number of known breeding locations by 50% and revealed that the breeding distribution has expanded in some parts of the survey region over the past two to three decades. The expanding breeding distribution may reflect underlying population dynamics of sustained growth and resultant density dependent effect on dispersal and movement from established breeding sites to new sites. The comprehensive, large-scale distribution data from this study will form a baseline for assessing any future changes in Adélie penguin breeding distribution, provide data for developing spatial models for predicting future changes in breeding distribution under plausible scenarios of environmental change, and contribute to the development of metapopulation models by providing estimates of local colonization and extinction probabilities under specific conditions of metapopulation change.

Le bois comme composant d'écosystème

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Beeckman ◽  
K. Vander Mijnsbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ecosystem Component

Wood as an ecosystem component - An  ecological study of wood as a material has to define two ecosystems of a  different level of integration.     The small-scale ecosystems are the dwelling houses, where a considerable  amount of wood is used for several purposes. Positive effects of wood on the  health of the inhabitants are reported. These effects establish the  significance of the typical association wood-mankind.     The large-scale ecosystem is the global ecosystem of the earth. Ecological  diagnostics on this level have to take into account the Second Law of  Thermodynamics. Forestry and intelligent use of wood are able to slow down  entropy and heat accumulation in the atmosphere.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

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