scholarly journals Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide F. Stramaccia ◽  
Ann-Kristin Meyer ◽  
Katharina M. Rischer ◽  
Jonathan M. Fawcett ◽  
Roland G. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Memory Suppression

scholarly journals Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Francesco Stramaccia ◽  
Ann-Kristin Meyer ◽  
Katharina Miriam Rischer ◽  
Jonathan Fawcett ◽  
Roland Georg Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Memory Suppression ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Suppression Mechanism ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Repressive Coping Style ◽  
Shed Light

It is still debated whether suppressing the retrieval of unwanted memories causes forgetting and whether this constitutes a beneficial mechanism. To shed light on these two questions, we scrutinize the evidence for such suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) and examine whether it is deficient in psychological disorders characterized by intrusive thoughts. Specifically, we performed a focused meta-analysis of studies that have used the Think/No-Think procedure to test SIF in individuals either affected by psychological disorders or exhibiting high scores on related traits. Overall, across 96 effects from 25 studies, we found that avoiding retrieval leads to significant forgetting in healthy individuals, with a small to moderate effect size (0.28, 95% CI [0.14, 0.43]). Importantly, this effect was indeed larger than for more anxious (-0.21, 95% CI [-0.41, -0.02]) or depressed individuals (0.05, 95% CI [-0.19, 0.29]) - though estimates for the healthy may be inflated by publication bias. In contrast, individuals with a stronger repressive coping style showed greater SIF (0.42, 95% CI [0.32, 0.52]). Furthermore, moderator analyses revealed that SIF varied with the exact suppression mechanism that participants were instructed to engage. For healthy individuals, the effect sizes were considerably larger when instructions induced specific mechanisms of direct retrieval suppression or thought substitution than when they were unspecific. These results suggest that intact suppression-induced forgetting is a hallmark of psychological well-being, and that inducing more specific suppression mechanisms fosters voluntary forgetting.

Global Expression Studies of Schizophrenic Brain: A Meta-Analysis Study Linking Neurological Immune System with Psychological Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Karim ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Shakeel A. Ansari ◽  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Expression Studies

scholarly journals Impacts of Internet-Based Interventions for Veterans With PTSD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhenggang Bai ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Zijia Fan ◽  
Cuiying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Veterans who did not seek and complete treatment as intended have been shown to have an elevated risk of experiencing and being exposed to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Internet-based interventions (IBIs) provide more confidentiality and fewer treatment barriers, and they are regarded as potential treatments to reduce PTSD in veterans. However, the effects of IBI for veterans with PTSD are inconclusive.Objectives: IBI is defined as any internet-based series of psychosocial interventions, of which the internet works as a way of delivery. Psychosocial content and reduction of PTSD symptoms in veterans have been recognized as two core elements of this intervention. This study aimed to (1) examine the effects of IBI on veterans’ PTSD outcomes and (2) distinguish between the elements of IBI that play an important role for veterans with PTSD.Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and CQVIP databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) in IBI programs for veterans with PTSD, covering all studies in English and Chinese published from January 1990 to November 2020. Also, related studies tracking citations were identified. Studies met the following inclusion criteria of (1) being RCTs; (2) containing IBI in the full text; (3) having IBI conducted on veterans as participants; and (4) being on PTSD. All processes followed PRISMA. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed by the Cochrane Systematic Review Handbook. The confidence of outcomes of this review was valued according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). The meta-analysis was done by RevMan 5.13. Two teams of reviewers independently searched the literature, made the assessment, and extracted the data.Results: A total of 1,493 citations were identified after initial searching, of which the full texts of 66 studies were screened. Eventually, six RCT studies met the inclusion criteria. Beneficial effects of IBI were found on the overall PTSD outcome (−0.29; 95% CI–0.48 to −0.11, p<0.01). Particularly, IBI based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with peer support was found to be effective for PTSD outcomes (−0.36; 95% CI–0.61 to −0.11, p<0.01). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that scores of PTSD outcome measured by a PCL (PTSD Checklist) decreased to an average score of 0.38 (95% CI –0.60 to −0.15, p=0.001). The intervention had a positive effect on the PTSD outcome on veterans with comorbid psychological disorders (−0.30; 95% CI –0.61 to −0.11, p<0.01). Overall, the six studies included were evaluated with a low risk of bias, and the outcomes of the meta-analysis were proven with high confidence.Conclusion: On the whole, IBIs have a positive effect on the overall PTSD outcome of veterans. The results encouraged us to focus on IBI with CBT with peer support for veterans, on specific instruments for veterans with PTSD, and on veterans with comorbid psychological disorders. This study, however, has limits. Only six studies with a Western population were included, which might result in cultural bias on IBI effects. In future, more high-qualified research and diverse cultural background of RCTs is needed to prove the effectiveness of IBI on veterans with PTSD.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus-Based Probiotics Reduce the Adverse Effects of Stress in Rodents: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mindus ◽  
Jennifer Ellis ◽  
Nienke van Staaveren ◽  
Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Lactobacillus species play a critical role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Consequently, they have the potential to aid in the treatment of psychological disorders. The impact of Lactobacillus supplementation on the stress responses triggering psychological disorders has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to summarize the body of research assessing the effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics in rodents that underwent an experimental stress treatment or not. The duration of immobility in a Forced Swim Test (FST) was the outcome used to measure changes induced by various treatments. Four online databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published in English. Fourteen studies meeting the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of probiotic supplementation and stress treatment on the duration of immobility in the FST were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Our analysis shows that Lactobacillus-based probiotic supplements significantly reduce immobility in the FST (P < 0.001) in stressed rodents. However, probiotics did not affect the rodents that did not undergo the stress treatment (P = 0.168). These findings provide a better understanding of the potential of Lactobacillus-based probiotics for the management of stress-induced behavior.

Psychopathology in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schnabel ◽  
George J Youssef ◽  
David J Hallford ◽  
Eliza J Hartley ◽  
Jane A McGillivray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder appear to experience high levels of psychological distress, yet little is known about the prevalence of psychological disorders in this population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the proportion of these parents who experience clinically significant psychopathology. Articles reporting proportions of psychological disorders in a sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were located. The initial search returned 25,988 articles. Thirty-one studies with a total sample of 9208 parents were included in the final review. The median meta-analytic proportions were 31% (95% confidence interval = [24%, 38%]) for depressive disorders, 33% (95% confidence interval = [20%, 48%]) for anxiety disorders, 10% (95% confidence interval = [1%, 41%]) for obsessive-compulsive disorder, 4% (95% confidence interval = [0%, 22%]) for personality disorders, 2% (95% confidence interval = [1%, 4%]) for alcohol and substance use disorders and 1% (95% confidence interval = [0%, 5%]) for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Significant heterogeneity was detected in these categories. Further research is needed to gain more insight into variables that may moderate parental psychopathology. This review and meta-analysis is the first to provide prevalence estimates of psychological disorders in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document