scholarly journals Incidental memory following rapid object processing: The role of attention allocation strategies.

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174-1190
Author(s):  
Juan D. Guevara Pinto ◽  
Megan H. Papesh
Keyword(s):  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Allocation Strategies

scholarly journals Gaze as a Window to the Process of Novel Adjective Mapping

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Hanako Yoshida ◽  
Aakash Patel ◽  
Joseph Burling
Keyword(s):  
Learning Task ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Correct Item ◽  
New Words ◽  
Knowledge Account ◽  
Category Knowledge ◽  
Children's Attention ◽  
Performance Results

This study evaluated two explanations for how learning of novel adjectives is facilitated when all the objects are from the same category (e.g., exemplar and testing objects are all CUPS) and the object category is a known to the children. One explanation (the category knowledge account) focuses on early knowledge of syntax–meaning correspondence, and another (the attentional account) focuses on the role of repeated perceptual properties. The first account presumes implicit understanding that all the objects belong to the same category, and the second account presumes only that redundant perceptual experiences minimize distraction from irrelevant features and thus guide children’s attention directly to the correct item. The present study tests the two accounts by documenting moment-to-moment attention allocation (e.g., looking at experimenter’s face, exemplar object, target object) during a novel adjective learning task with 50 3-year-olds. The results suggest that children’s attention was guided directly to the correct item during the adjective mapping and that such direct attention allocation to the correct item predicted children’s adjective mapping performance. Results are discussed in relation to their implication for children’s active looking as the determinant of process for mapping new words to their meanings.

scholarly journals The Temporal Dynamics of Object Processing in Visual Cortex during the Transition from Distributed to Focused Spatial Attention

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 4094-4105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Te Wu ◽  
Melissa E. Libertus ◽  
Karen L. Meyerhoff ◽  
Marty G. Woldorff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity

Several major cognitive neuroscience models have posited that focal spatial attention is required to integrate different features of an object to form a coherent perception of it within a complex visual scene. Although many behavioral studies have supported this view, some have suggested that complex perceptual discrimination can be performed even with substantially reduced focal spatial attention, calling into question the complexity of object representation that can be achieved without focused spatial attention. In the present study, we took a cognitive neuroscience approach to this problem by recording cognition-related brain activity both to help resolve the questions about the role of focal spatial attention in object categorization processes and to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms, focusing particularly on the temporal cascade of these attentional and perceptual processes in visual cortex. More specifically, we recorded electrical brain activity in humans engaged in a specially designed cued visual search paradigm to probe the object-related visual processing before and during the transition from distributed to focal spatial attention. The onset times of the color popout cueing information, indicating where within an object array the subject was to shift attention, was parametrically varied relative to the presentation of the array (i.e., either occurring simultaneously or being delayed by 50 or 100 msec). The electrophysiological results demonstrate that some levels of object-specific representation can be formed in parallel for multiple items across the visual field under spatially distributed attention, before focal spatial attention is allocated to any of them. The object discrimination process appears to be subsequently amplified as soon as focal spatial attention is directed to a specific location and object. This set of novel neurophysiological findings thus provides important new insights on fundamental issues that have been long-debated in cognitive neuroscience concerning both object-related processing and the role of attention.

Control Theory Measures of Tracking as Indices of Attention Allocation Strategies

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Wickens ◽  
Daniel Gopher
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
System Control ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Adaptive Aiding ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Allocation Strategies

In an intelligent man-machine control system, control theory measures describing the operator's tracking performance can provide useful information concerning an operator's attentional slate. This information may be used to implement adaptive aiding procedures. Research is reviewed that relates attentional manipulations to variation in control theory parameters, and an experiment is then described in which 29 subjects performed a tracking task alone, and concurrently with a serial reaction-time task. Within the time-sharing condition, relative priorities between the two tasks were manipulated. The results are interpreted in terms of the separate effects of time-sharing and of priority manipulations upon measures of tracking gain, remnant, time-delay and response “holds,” and the feasibility of on-line measurement of those variables.

scholarly journals Post-action memory enhancement: Exploring the temporal relationship between action and memory formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Shimane ◽  
Takumi Tanaka ◽  
Katsumi Watanabe ◽  
Kanji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Action Memory ◽  
Effect Monitoring ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Dynamics Of Action

Actions enhance incidental memory for items that appear in close succession. However, the role of action processes, such as preparation and execution, on the processes underlying such an interaction is unclear. Here, we examined the temporal dynamics of action-induced memory enhancement. In two experiments, participants performed Go/No-Go tasks while viewing task-unrelated pictures before or after their Go motor responses. Compared to items presented at similar time points in the No-Go trials, items presented after, not before, action execution were consistently better remembered in the subsequent memory tests. Our findings highlight the role of action execution and post-action processes, such as action-effect monitoring, in memory formation.

scholarly journals Enhanced distractor memory following difficult search: The role of attention allocation in incidental encoding

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Juan Guevara Pinto ◽  
Megan Papesh ◽  
Stephen Goldinger ◽  
Michael Hout
Keyword(s):  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Incidental Encoding

scholarly journals What is Difficult about Grammatical Gender? Evidence from Heritage Russian

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Laleko
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Heritage Language Acquisition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Discourse Interface ◽  
Heritage Language Speakers ◽  
Allocation Strategies

The paper examines the role of lexical, morphological, and discourse-referential factors in gender assignment with animate nouns in heritage Russian in order to explore the extent to which these different interfaces are challenging in heritage language acquisition. The analysis of concordant and discordant agreement patterns with nouns representing each type of gender categorization mechanism points to unequal difficulty associated with different types of gender allocation strategies. In particular, heritage speakers converge with baseline speakers in rating possible and impossible agreement combinations in the presence of fixed and transparent lexical and morphological gender categorization cues; however, they display non-target-like judgments of unmarked and underspecified forms characterized by variable agreement behavior (i.e., hybrid nouns and common gender nouns). Problems with forms whose gender reference is disambiguated at the level of discourse point to the syntax-discourse interface as a locus of systematic difficulty for heritage language speakers.

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