scholarly journals Meteorological Factors and Forest Fires in the United States

Nature ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 113 (2844) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
The United States

Regional Differences in the Human Toll from Tornadoes: A New Look at an Old Idea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-825
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Biddle ◽  
Ryan P. Brown ◽  
Charles A. Doswell ◽  
David R. Legates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Precise Calculation ◽  
Meteorological Features ◽  
Mediation Models

AbstractPreviously published claims of large regional (northern vs southern states) differences in risks of fatality associated with tornadoes in the United States are reexamined. This new study extends earlier claims to include 1) data from a much longer time frame, 2) injuries as well as fatalities, and 3) more precise estimates of meteorological features of tornado events (specifically, a precise calculation of daytime vs nighttime and pathlength). The current study also includes formal mediation analyses involving variables that might explain regional differences. Results indicate that significant increases in the risk of fatality and injury do occur in southern states as compared with northern states. Mediation models show that these regional differences remain significant when meteorological factors of nocturnal occurrence and pathlength are included. Thus, these meteorological factors cannot explain regional differences in risk of fatality and injury, a failure that is unlikely to reflect a lack of data or a lack of precision in the measurement of potential mediators.

scholarly journals Understanding Forest Fire Management in Indonesia from a Global Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Faricha Kurniadhini ◽  
Hafidz Bachtiar ◽  
Dwiki Apriyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Forest Fire Disaster

Forest fires are one of the global issues that attract worldwide attention. Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and Indonesia are among the countries with the largest forest cover and long records of massive forest fires. Forest fire management is, therefore, critical to decreasing the severity level of these fires. Current conditions indicate that, compared with the four other countries, Indonesia has significantly reduced forest fires within the past five years. Consequently, adopting a global perspective to study the characteristics of forest fire disaster management has become necessary. For each management parameter, this research employed a literature review and descriptive analysis. The results showed that Indonesia had an advantage in the field of legal regulation. Indonesia tends to change its regulations within a short span of time, resulting in the number of forest fire incidents decreasing significantly compared with Russia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. However, the country still has several weaknesses, namely in emergency responses, forest fire monitoring technology, and inter-institutional integration in forest fire disaster management.

scholarly journals Role of meteorological factors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Ma ◽  
Sen Pei ◽  
Jeffrey Shaman ◽  
Robert Dubrow ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
The United States

On the Transport of Atomic Debris in the Atmosphere

1954 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. List
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Weather Bureau ◽  
Measuring Techniques

Collections of radioactive debris were made daily at 120 Weather Bureau stations throughout the United States during the atomic test series in Nevada in the Spring of 1952. The measuring techniques employed and the meteorological factors involved in the transport and deposition of debris are discussed. Several examples of the relation of computed meteorological trajectories to actual observations of debris are given.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA OCORRÊNCIA DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NAS AMÉRICAS E REGIÃO DO CARIBE

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Gomes Silva ◽  
Nilton Cesar Fiedler ◽  
Ronie Silva Juvanhol ◽  
Gabriel Mancini Antunes Silva ◽  
Felipe Patricio Neves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The United Nations

Com as mudanças climáticas ocorridas nas últimas décadas e com longos períodos de estiagem, as chances de ocorrências de fogo com maior frequência e intensidade, aumentam e, sem o devido controle, acabam ocasionando grandes incêndios florestais. Como consequência, pode haver elevados prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Sabendo da importância das estatísticas sobre incêndios florestais, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa, analisar dados estatísticos publicados pela Food and Agriculture Organizacion of the United Nations – FAO, sobre as principais causas, ocorrências e áreas queimadas nas Américas do Norte, Central, Sul e Região do Caribe, no período de 1990 a 2004. Os dados foram tabulados de diferentes maneiras, a fim de produzir uma estatística única, de acordo com a série temporal proposta. Os países da América Central e Caribe são os que menos apresentaram dados disponíveis enquanto que, os Estados Unidos é o que apresenta maior base de dados estatísticos. Os resultados mostraram que a América do Sul tem as maiores médias, em comparação com as demais regiões, os Estados Unidos têm o maior quantitativo de ocorrências, existe forte influência de fenômenos como El Ninõ e que as atividades humanas foram responsáveis pela grande maioria das ocorrências de incêndios florestais.Palavras-chave: proteção florestal, fogo, estiagem. TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF FOREST FIRES IN THE AMERICAS AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION ABSTRACT:With the climatic changes that occurred in the last decades and with long periods of drought, the chances of occurrences of fire with more frequency and intensity, increase and, without proper control, end up causing forest fires. As a consequence, there can be great damage to the environment and to society. The objective of this research was to analyze statistical data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the main causes, occurrences and areas burned in North, Central, South and Central America of the Caribbean, from 1990 to 2004. Data were tabulated in different ways to produce a single statistic, according to the proposed time series. Central American and Caribbean countries are the least likely to have available data, while the United States has the largest statistical data base. The results showed that South America has the highest averages compared to the other regions, the United States has the highest number of occurrences, there is a strong influence of phenomena such as El Nino and that human activities were responsible for the great majority of forest fires.Keywords: forest protection, fire, drought.

scholarly journals Examining the impact of heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6145-6183 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sarwar ◽  
H. Simon ◽  
P. Bhave ◽  
G. Yarwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Nitryl Chloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) has typically been modeled as only producing nitric acid. However, recent field studies have confirmed that the presence of particulate chloride alters the reaction product to produce nitryl chloride (ClNO2) which undergoes photolysis to generate chlorine atoms and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Both chlorine and NO2 affect atmospheric chemistry and air quality. We present an updated gas-phase chlorine mechanism that can be combined with the Carbon Bond 05 mechanism and incorporate the combined mechanism into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. We then update the current model treatment of heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 to include ClNO2 as a product. The model, in combination with a comprehensive inventory of chlorine compounds, reactive nitrogen, particulate matter, and organic compounds, is used to evaluate the impact of the heterogeneous ClNO2 production on air quality across the United States for the months of February and September in 2006. The heterogeneous production increases ClNO2 in coastal as well as many in-land areas in the United States. Particulate chloride derived from sea-salts, anthropogenic sources, and forest fires activates the heterogeneous production of ClNO2. With current estimates of tropospheric emissions burden, it modestly enhances monthly mean 8-h ozone (up to 1–2 ppbv or 3–4%) but causes large increases (up to 13 ppbv) in isolated episodes. It also substantially reduce the mean total nitrate by up to 0.8–2.0 μg m−3 or 11–21%. Modeled ClNO2 accounts for up to 3–4% of the monthly mean total reactive nitrogen. Sensitivity results of the model suggest that ClNO2 formation is limited more by the presence of particulate chloride than by the abundance of N2O5.

scholarly journals Limits to Ponderosa Pine Regeneration following Large High-Severity Forest Fires in the United States Southwest

Fire Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Haffey ◽  
Thomas D. Sisk ◽  
Craig D. Allen ◽  
Andrea E. Thode ◽  
Ellis Q. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
United States Southwest

scholarly journals Meteorological Factors Affecting Airport Operations during the Winter Season in the Midwest

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Algarin Ballesteros ◽  
Nathan M. Hitchens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Flight Delays ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Flight Delay

Abstract During the coldest months of the year, weather systems bring a variety of winter weather to most of the continental United States in the form of snow, sleet, and freezing rain, which along with strong winds, low clouds, and reduced visibilities may create dangerous conditions. These weather conditions can result in major disruptions in air travel, leading to delays and cancellations of hundreds or thousands of flights, thus affecting the plans of millions of travelers. To assess the specific meteorological factors that prompt flight delays and cancellations in the Midwest region of the United States during wintertime, a comprehensive study was performed on nine of the largest airports (by passenger boardings) in the area. Flight delay and cancellation data from 11 winter seasons (2005–06 to 2015–16) were collected from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) and analyzed along with climatological data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). A classification scheme was developed, and each flight was categorized according to the meteorological factor that could have prompted its delay. The results of the study revealed that visibility was the main meteorological factor affecting midwestern airports, with low ceilings as a close second. Blizzards were the main cause for flight cancellations.

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