The model of community empowerment in fire forest disaster prevention in Indonesia

This paper will look into the topic of community involvement in forest fire disaster prevention, specifically in Indonesia. To begin, the paper will discuss the problem of forest fires in Indonesia, which occur frequently. The study also addressed issues related to disaster management, such as a lack of competence and knowledge, which resulted in disaster management ineffectiveness. The paper's third portion discusses the government's involvement in catastrophe management. Several initiatives and support have been implemented.

Understanding Forest Fire Management in Indonesia from a Global Perspective

Forest fires are one of the global issues that attract worldwide attention. Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and Indonesia are among the countries with the largest forest cover and long records of massive forest fires. Forest fire management is, therefore, critical to decreasing the severity level of these fires. Current conditions indicate that, compared with the four other countries, Indonesia has significantly reduced forest fires within the past five years. Consequently, adopting a global perspective to study the characteristics of forest fire disaster management has become necessary. For each management parameter, this research employed a literature review and descriptive analysis. The results showed that Indonesia had an advantage in the field of legal regulation. Indonesia tends to change its regulations within a short span of time, resulting in the number of forest fire incidents decreasing significantly compared with Russia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. However, the country still has several weaknesses, namely in emergency responses, forest fire monitoring technology, and inter-institutional integration in forest fire disaster management.

Health consequences of thick forest fire smoke to healthy residents in Riau, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Indonesia forest fire in 2015 emitted a huge amount of pollutants into the air. This study was aimed to assess the health consequences of forest fire smoke in healthy residents in Riau during forest fire disaster in 2015. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in healthy residents who lived in Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Sumatera, for at least 6 months during forest fire disaster in 2015, and data were taken in October 2015. Questionnaires consisting of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms were collected. Lung function was assessed by spirometry (MIR II Spirolab™ spirometer, Medical International Research, Italy) and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) was assessed using piCO+ Smokerlyzer®. Heart rate at rest and oxygen saturation in the room air were measured using Onyx 9591 Pulse Oximeter®. RESULTS A total of 89 subjects were mostly female (75.3%), housewife (37.7%), nonsmoker (86.5%) with mean age of 38.9 years old. The non-respiratory and respiratory symptoms were reported in 84.7% and 71.4% subjects, respectively. Lung function was impaired in 72.6% subjects, mostly with mild obstruction and mild restriction. Exhaled CO was highly detected over normal values (mean [standard deviation] = 32.6 [9.97] ppm) with predicted carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) of 5.74 (1.56). CONCLUSIONS Forest fire smoke exposure increased the respiratory and nonrespiratory symptoms among healthy individuals, which showed impairment in lung function, exhaled CO, and predicted COHb. Long term health effects on healthy individuals exposed to forest fire smoke warrant further evaluation.

Power Of Resources And Capacity Of Community Adaptation In Forest Fire Disaster

The widespread forest fires in South Sumatra were disastrous for the community around the forest area. However, this condition is beneficial to sonor underage activities. The government policy number 6 of 2016 that prohibit forests and/or land limits people's access to exploit the potential of forests as a source of income and food sources. The community’s adaptation to new condition/regulation is not easy because of the community’s dependent to forest. The purpose of this study is to look at forest as resources and the community's adaptive capacity. This study uses qualitative methods supported by quantitative data. The study indicated that there is a decrease of forest as the main source of livelihood. Sonor rice can no longer be produced, other forest plants have been greatly reduced because the forest has changed into a plantation. Rubber production is reduced due to heat from fires. The adaptive capacity of the community is classified as lacking because although there have been repeated fires there has been no change or new way that the community has done to overcome the lack of food resources. Linkages with outside parties have little impact on the growth of new economic opportunities. The lack of effective leadership role is one of the main causes. The resiliency of the Perigi community is only in Stability.

SONOR DAN BIAS “CETAK SAWAH” DI LAHAN GAMBUT

Peat land has been intensively known as the target of creating idle land through state owned forest mechanism. It triggers a large scale development project such as an irrigated rice field called “Cetak Sawah”. By focusing on “Cetak Sawah”, we can learn how development project contains an inherent assumption of modern field rice system to overcome massive deteriorated peat land particularly since the forest fire disaster in 2015. The research was done a year after forest fire 2015 through an ethnographic method consisted of live in and several visits around February 2016-December 2016. The gathered data show that “Cetak Sawah” becomes the technocratic approach of peat land governance. Instead of controlling the expansion of palm oil industry, state has been continually blamed the former agricultural system known as Sonor (swidden agriculture) which will be easily considered as the main factor of undermined peat ecosystem due to its burning practice of land preparation. There are two gaps, first, “Cetak Sawah” has been proposed through negation of existing social differentiation. Second, “Cetak Sawah” is going to be predicted as the mean of peasant exclusion.Intisari: Lahan gambut telah secara luas dikenal sebagai target menciptakan tanah terlantar melalui mekanisme hutan Negara. Hal ini memancing pembangunan proyek skala besar seperti sawah irigasi yang juga disebut sebagai “Cetak Sawah”. Dengan berfokus pada Cetak Sawah”, kita dapat belajar bagaimana proyek pembangunan dapat mengandung asumsi yang tak terpisahkan dari sistem tanam padi modern untuk mengatasi lahan gambut yang semakin memburuk secara luas terutama sejak bencana kebakaran hutan di tahun 2015. Penelitian ini dilakukan setahun setelah kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 melalui metode etnografi yang terdiri dari laporan langsung dan beberapa kunjungan pada kurun Februari 2016 – Desember 2016. Data yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa “Cetak Sawah” menjadi pendekatan teknokratis untukpengelolaan lahan gambut. Di samping mengontrol ekspansi industri kelapa sawit, Negara juga terus menyalahkan pertanian lahan berpindah yang sering dikenal sebagai Sonor, yang sering disebut sebagai faktor utama dari rusaknya ekosistem gambut sehubungan dengan praktik pembakaran hutan. Ada dua gapyang diungkapkan, pertama, Cetak Sawah telah diusulkan menjadi negasi dari diferensiasi sosial yang sudah ada. Kedua, Cetak Sawah telah diprediksi sebagai alat untuk mengeksklusi petani.

Social Economic Resilience in Facing Land and Forest Fire Disaster (Case Study in South Sumatra Province)

<p>Forest and land fires in South Sumatra Province tend to be a routine disaster in the dry season. The handling of forest and land fires needs to be linked to socio-economic resilience in order to be completely resolved. This study measures socio-economic resilience and links it with forest and land fires. The method used is qualitative analysis using the resilience concept of UNISDR. The result shows that all socio-economic resilience indicators in facing the disaster have been done by South Sumatera Provincial Government but not yet maximal. Some indicators that need to be improved are the diversification of local economic activities, the implementation of contingency plans in the event of a disaster, the establishment of incentives and clear penalties, and the increase of multi-stakeholder participation. </p>